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https://hightimes.com/

Psychedelic Drug Market Poised to Hit $4.6B by 2030

A recent report shows a steady growth in the psychedelic drug market, however the report represents a much more conservative projection compared to past reports, which have blown that projection by almost three times as much by the same year. The Guardian and peer-reviewed journals call it the “Psychedelic Rennaisance.” The psychedelic drug market is projected to rise from $3.6 billion USD in 2022 to reach $4.6 billion USD by 2030, according to a new report released by Virginia-based MarketDigits. This projected growth represents a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.5%. The report was announced April 26 in a press release and found a similar trajectory as similar reports, but with a more conservative number for its total projection.  “In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in psychedelic drugs as potential treatments for various mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and substance use disorders,” the report reads. “Psychedelic substances such as psilocybin (found in certain mushrooms), MDMA (commonly known as ecstasy), and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) have shown promising results in clinical trials, demonstrating their potential to alleviate symptoms, promote emotional healing, and induce transformative experiences.” The reasons for the market’s growth are complex but represent a steady rise in popularity. “As the field of psychedelic medicine continues to evolve, driven by factors such as shifting societal attitudes, advances in neuroscience, and growing demand for alternative mental health treatments, the psychedelic drugs market is experiencing renewed interest and investment, reshaping the landscape of mental healthcare and therapeutic innovation. The “major players” the report lists are: Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc., Verrian, Avadel, Celon Pharma S.A., COMPASS, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC, NeuroRx, Inc., PharmaTher Inc., Mind Medicine, Inc., Cybin Corp., GABA Therapeutics, Inc., EmpathBio, DemeRx and Others. MarketDigits’ report broke down psychedelic drugs into natural and synthetic, and divided up drug types as the following: The report also breaks down drugs by indication, or the conditions drugs are used for; form or in capsule, liquid, or table; and also by route of administration, end-user, distribution channel, and region. “In conclusion, the psychedelic drugs market represents a paradigm shift in mental healthcare, offering novel approaches to treating mental health disorders, promoting emotional healing, and fostering personal growth and transformation,” the report reads. “By harnessing the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances and psychedelic-assisted therapy approaches, the psychedelic drugs market has the potential to revolutionize how mental illness is understood, treated, and experienced by individuals and communities. As the field of psychedelic medicine continues to evolve, driven by advances in neuroscience, clinical research, and regulatory frameworks, the psychedelic drugs market is poised for significant growth and innovation, reshaping the landscape of mental healthcare and therapeutic innovation. By embracing collaboration, innovation, and advocacy, stakeholders in the psychedelic drugs market can unlock new opportunities and drive meaningful advancements in mental health treatment, patient care, and societal well-being.” In a separate report, Brandessence Market Research found that the same market could reach nearly $12 billion USD by the same year, however that report is based on a slightly larger current market under their definition of psychedelic drugs. Aligning with MarketDigits’ report, Brandessence Market Research arrived at a nearly identical CAGR rate based on their research, however. The global market for psychedelic drugs including psilocybin, ketamine, and LSD is expected to grow to nearly $12 billion per year before 2030, according to data from a recent market analysis. In a report released last Thursday, Brandessence Market Research revealed that the psychedelic drug market is anticipated to reach a valuation of $11.82 billion by 2029, growing from an estimated $4.87 billion in 2022. The report shows the global market for psychedelic drugs expanding at a CAGR of 13.49% over the next six years. The market includes several psychedelic drugs being used or researched as treatments for a wide range of mental health disorders, including psilocybin, LSD, ketamine, MDMA, GHB, and others. “Additionally, the rising prevalence of depression and other mental disorders worldwide and increasing demand for treatment, are the key factors supplementing the growth of the psychedelic drugs market,” Brandessence Market Research wrote in the report published in November. “Furthermore, changes in lifestyle and the desire for a higher and better quality of life [are] expected to contribute toward the market growth. And also increase in R&D initiatives in the sector of psychedelic medicine is projected to drive market expansion during the forecast period.” Both reports show no signs of the psychedelic drug market slowing down, bolstered by a constant flow of research showing the potential for treatment in numerous areas.

https://hightimes.com/

Kansas Medical Cannabis Proposal Dead for 2024

A bill to legalize medical marijuana in Kansas is dead for 2024 after the state Senate blocked an effort to bring the proposal to the floor for debate. Had it passed, the measure would have legalized the medicinal use of cannabis by patients with certain qualifying conditions in one of the few states that have yet to legalize medical weed. Last month, a Kansas Senate legislative committee voted to table the proposal, Senate Bill 135, after hearing from both supporters and opponents of the measure. On Friday, an effort to revive the bill and pull it out of committee failed to gain the support of enough senators and was rejected by a vote of 12-25, according to a report from the Associated Press. The Kansas Senate also failed to advance a bill to expand Medicaid coverage in the state, an opportunity from the federal government under the 2010 Affordable Care Act that has been adopted by 40 states and the District of Columbia. State Senator John Doll, a western Kansas Republican who voted for both measures, criticized his state for failing to follow the lead of much of the rest of the country. “We’re behind the times,” Doll said on Friday after the Senate votes. Had the legislature approved Senate Bill 135, the measure would have legalized the use of cannabis for patients with one or more of 21 serious medical conditions including cancer, epilepsy, spinal cord injuries and chronic pain. Patients would be required to have a recommendation to use medical marijuana from their doctor and pay $50 for a state identification card to participate in the program. Patients would also pay a 10% excise tax on their purchases of medical cannabis.  The bill also regulated the cultivation, processing, distribution and sale of medical marijuana. Four different state agencies—the Department of Health and Environment, the Board of Healing Arts, the Department of Revenue’s Alcohol and Beverage Control (which would be renamed to Alcohol and Cannabis Control) and the Board of Pharmacy—would be responsible for overseeing the medical marijuana program.  Opponents of the medical marijuana bill cited the experience with legal medical pot in neighboring Oklahoma, where voters passed a legalization initiative in 2018 with nearly 57% of the vote. Oklahoma Attorney General Gentner Drummond and other Republican state officials have said that the loose regulations in his state’s medical marijuana law have led to an incursion of organized crime and foreign nationals eager to enter the lightly regulated market, many with plans to illegally distribute their crop to states that still prohibit weed. “We had no idea we were going to have 10,000 growers, way more than they have in California and all these other states, and anybody with a hangnail could get a medical card,” said Republican Governor Kevin Stitt. But Cheryl Kumberg, a registered western Kansas nurse and president of the Kansas Cannabis Coalition, said Oklahoma’s problems stem from the state’s legalization statute, which has remarkably lenient regulations compared to other states. She said Kansas residents who can obtain weed from other states are already using the drug, putting themselves in legal jeopardy in the process. “It’s ridiculous,” she said. “I can go 45 minutes one way, a couple hours in the other direction, and you can just you can just use it however you want.” Senate Bill 135 was stopped in its tracks on March 14 when the Senate Federal and State Affairs Committee adopted a motion to table the measure. After the committe’s move, Democratic Governor Laura Kelly expressed frustration at the development. The governor, who has urged state lawmakers to pass a medical marijuana legalization bill in the past, also encouraged residents who back marijuana policy reform to contact state lawmakers and call on them to bring the proposal up for a vote. “I am disappointed that some legislators are saying they don’t want to move forward with legalizing medical marijuana this year – effectively turning their backs on our veterans and those with chronic pain and seizure disorders,” Kelly wrote on X on March 16. “If they get their way, for yet another year thousands of Kansans will be forced to choose between breaking the law and living without pain. I encourage Kansans to call their state legislators and tell them to legalize medical marijuana this session.” After Friday’s vote failed to bring the bill to the Senate floor, Democratic Senator Cindy Holscher said it is disappointing to see Republicans block the medical marijuana legalization bill despite the efforts of residents eager for cannabis policy reform. “Over the past three weeks, scores of Kansans have reached out to their senators voicing support for medical cannabis as they have done for nearly the past decade,” Holscher said, according to a report from KAKE television news. “Sadly, supporters have faced many hurdles on this important measure.”

https://hightimes.com/

Psychedelic Research Proves Rather Tricky for the FDA

As it turns out, researching the efficacy of MDMA to treat PTSD may be pretty complicated. The initial efforts to secure governmental sanction for a psychedelic substance for mental health care, in this case, MDMA, are facing some serious scrutiny over the clinical trial process, the Washington Post reports.  MDMA has long been lauded as a treatment for PTSD, which affects 6% of the U.S. population. Per a Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Substances (MAPS) 2023 study on how the drug can treat PTSD, the researchers found that, as High Times reported, in the MDMA group, 86% showed improvement in their standard PTSD assessment. 69% of those in the placebo group also improved. A standard PTSD assessment evaluates the intensity of PTSD symptoms, which can include anxiety, phobias, insomnia, and emotional numbness, among others. When the study wrapped, 72% of people within the MDMA treatment group no longer matched the criteria for PTSD, compared to 48% of the placebo participants. Given how awful PTSD can be and, to be honest, how fun (and effective) MDMA can be compared to other treatment methods, this research was generally met with enthusiasm. While SSRI antidepressants like Zoloft are FDA-approved to treat PTSD, research shows it’s not always effective. The study in question shows that it had a response rate of 60%, which is obviously lower than the 86% improvement rate that came with MDMA. However, per an independent analysis into the reliability of patient studies that are backing the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) application for MDMA, apparently, it’s pretty tricky to discern how effective these results are. Compared to other treatments, there are some serious hurdles associated with studying and then implementing psychoactive substances such as MDMA.  While the bliss that MDMA can bring is generally considered a plus, it may make it trickier to study. One of the biggest challenges that arose when looking at the MDMA trial is that participants in the placebo group, who received a fake version of MDMA, could tell they hadn’t received the real thing because they experienced no changes in perception or euphoria, so it was rather obvious that they were in the placebo group, as noted in a draft report by the nonprofit Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER). This lack of “blinding” in the trial, crucial for assessing the drug’s impact, potentially compromises the validity of the results. The second hiccup when studying MDMA for PTSD came from the possibility that therapists were skewing the results. They basically thought that the therapists who were a part of the trial, there for mental health support, were biased in favor of MDMA, perhaps along with the participants, many of whom had previous positive experiences with the drug and, as a result, couldn’t provide the neutral ground required for a reliable study.  The report also highlighted worries that participants who received MDMA felt “pressured to report good outcomes and suppress bad outcomes,” per the Washington Post. It also pointed to a documented instance of therapist misconduct that heightened safety concerns. While MDMA can be used to treat PTSD for sexual assault survivors, the psychedelic community may have some damage control of their own that needs a reckoning. Apparently, the ICER staff talked to folks who were part of a New York Magazine podcast investigating the MAPS’s clinical trial, in particular, patients who said they were victimized by therapists or coerced into reporting beneficial outcomes. According to one account, a woman in a MAPS trial states she was abused by her assigned therapists.  ICER staffers, after speaking with several former patients and individuals associated with MAPS trials, observed that some adverse effects mentioned in the trial were not captured in the data they reviewed. While MDMA could help relieve horrid symptoms of PTSD, which include self-harm and thoughts of suicide, both of those were also included in the side effects (for both the MDMA group and those who got a placebo). People who have taken MDMA recreationally sometimes speak of “suicide Tuesday,” aka the crash after enjoying the spike of the drug on the weekend, and not only does this appear to roar its head within the trials, but those who spoke on the subject voiced concerns that there may be underreporting of such negative side effects.  While some of this seems shocking when laid out in print, remember that none of the adverse claims or concerns are news to those in the psychedelic community. There is no medicine that exists without side effects; the silver bullet is a myth. If one finds healing through psychedelics, enjoy it while understanding the well-established risks (and benefits) that come with such a medicine. 

https://hightimes.com/

Santa Barbara County Approves Study To Address Ongoing Cannabis Odor

The topic of odor is prevalent among communities in close proximity to cannabis cultivation operations, and Santa Barbara is no different. Recently the Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors met on April 23 to discuss how to tackle the issue, and ultimately voted 3-2 to commission a study to evaluate further options. According to Santa Barbara Independent, there are some expensive tech devices such as carbon filters (nicknamed “scrubbers”) that could potentially reduce cannabis aroma, ultimately preventing it from being detected outside of the facilities. However, scrubbers are priced at $22,000 a piece, and in order for them to be effective, a grow would need one for every 10 acres. More fees are factored in later with “electrical upgrades,” which the Santa Barbara County planners told the board it would be a “potentially prohibitive expense.” Both Board Chair Steve Lavagnino and Supervisor Das Williams, who helped push along Santa Barbara County’s 2018 cannabis ordinance, stated that it wouldn’t be fair to require cultivators to purchase such machines. Supervisor Joan Hartman agreed as well, and the trio voted in the majority to have a six-month study commissioned. Currently, there are only five greenhouses that have scrubbers, out of a total of 20 operating in Carpinteria Valley, located east of the city of Santa Barbara.  The study would analyze “power upgrades that may be necessary in advance of scrubber installations,” according to Santa Barbara Independent. Hartman said that she supported scrubbers for greenhouses, but also wants to see a resolution for the cannabis aroma that comes from sungrown operations as well. She claimed that the smell that exists between Highway 246 and Santa Rosa Road, detectable in Buellton and Solvang (located northwest of Santa Barbara) needs to be addressed. “It’s really a disservice to our public not to regulate cannabis odor for the most sensitive people,” Hartman said. “We need to find out where we’re measuring odor, what tool we’re measuring it with and what’s the limit.” The two supervisors who objected to the study included Bob Nelson and Laura Capps, stating that they wanted to see scrubbers required by all cannabis greenhouses. “My frustration level is coming to a place where I feel we just need to push forward with something,” Nelson said. “… Sometimes, we do too much planning.” Capps also spoke out about requiring scrubber power upgrades. “Is it our role to be deciding what a business can afford to do?” she asked. Capps concluded that more studies are not what is needed, because “people continue to suffer.” “I don’t think we’re doing our job if we kick the can down the road longer,” she continued. “…Who are we trying to serve? I don’t know what more studies are going to get us, other than more frustration from the neighbors.” In response, Lavagnino supported the many locals who have gained jobs because of the cannabis industry. “There’s a lot of people who are also our constituents who work at these places,” Lavagnino said. “That’s why when we talk about the cost of these facilities, it matters. People could lose their jobs.” The study will specifically focus on three primary areas where a strong cannabis aroma is often detected. County planners will utilize a device called a Nasal Ranger, which can measure odor strength. Carpinteria Valley locals have reported 3,700 odor complaints but none of them have been “verified” by the county, because it’s impossible to find which greenhouse the aroma is coming from. Without verification, the county can’t make any decisions to require scrubbers or other technological devices. “This isn’t working,” Nelson said. “…It’s wildly unsuccessful.…Zero verified complaints is really alarming. Additional planning or studies is not the solution.” Nelson also suggested that scrubbers should be required by growers starting when they renew their license to cultivate. “We could solve this problem and it would no longer exist, and we could stop having these hearings and these issues,” he added.  The Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors voted in February 2018 to allow cannabis cultivation in unincorporated parts of the county. Within the past six years of the passing of this ordinance, the board has only issued one odor violation notice. Carpinteria Valley has 170 acres of land approved for cannabis cultivation, with about 116 acres currently being utilized.  In the past 15 months, reports have shown that another odor technology that utilizes plant oils in misting systems is working to mask the smells. However, it doesn’t fully eliminate the smell, and instead residents began to complain about the “laundromat” odor from the mist instead. At the April 23 meeting, numerous cultivators spoke up asking the board not to employ a “one-size-fits-all” type of resolution. Pacific Dutch Group co-president, Tadd McKenzie, explained that growers have already been taking steps to reduce the odor. Improvements “have already been made and will continue to be made by operators,” McKenzie said. “…Using valuable county resources on costly regulatory updates instead of improving ongoing compliance will only make market conditions more favorable to non-tax-paying black-market competitors.” Another grower, Autumn Shelton from Autumn Brands, said requiring her to install scrubbers or other odor technology would render her business financially infeasible. “While scrubbers is a really great idea, when the market crashes only two years ago, it’s really hard to come back from that and continue to spend and spend and spend,” Shelton said. Toward the conclusion of the meeting, Williams explained that growers need to continue to work toward some kind of resolution. “The longer anybody delays, the more burdensome the final result will be,” Williams said. “I hope there’s a clear warning sign that progress needs to be made…” Nelson warned that something will need to change soon to address the ongoing issue. “This is an issue I see coming,” he said. “I want to say again to this industry: Get ahead of it. At some point, if you’re not ahead of it, you’re going to get run over by it.”

https://hightimes.com/

The High Times Cannabis Cup Oklahoma 2024 Returns

Oklahomans, get ready to prepare your body, mind, and soul to take part in the High Times Cannabis Cup! We’re thrilled to highlight some of Oklahoma’s best products that have proven to be reliable and potent medicine for patients across the state. We’re not hiring cannasseurs to do the job though—that responsibility is reserved for judges everywhere to determine. We’ve included a variety of information for competitors and judges to know about what to expect for this year’s cup. If you are a licensed business owner interested in participating, the timeframe for submissions is coming up this summer between July 8-10. It only costs $1 (non-refundable) to reserve your spot as a competitor! But keep in mind that there is a $250 per cancellation if you later decide not to participate. Also, requirements vary from product, so please keep this in mind when preparing to submit: Entry Requirements: Judges, mark your calendars for July 19, which is the first day that cup kits will go on sale with our intake partner and retail partners, all of which will be announced soon. The judging portal will be open between July 19-October 11, leaving plenty of time for judges to meticulously review each product in their kit. Brands receive a report of all judges scores and comments after the awards have concluded, so your voice as a judge is immensely important. Check out the following entry categories to see what exciting products you’ll be able to choose from. Entry Categories: Once all is said and done, it’s time to get pumped for a digital awards show on Facebook on October 20 (all dates are subject to change). This conclusion to another year celebrating Oklahoman cannabis is the best way to hear about each and every brand and product that participated. Oklahoma legalized medical cannabis in June 2018 when voters approved of State Question 788. Since then many changes have been made to the cannabis industry, including an ongoing moratorium on new licenses until at least 2026. For this reason, it’s more important than ever to support our local licensed and operating cannabis businesses. Times change, but there’s always going to be top shelf cannabis products worth trying out. Our first introduction of the High Times Cannabis Cup in Oklahoma was in 2019 and featured 16 categories. Back then, strains such as Forbidden Fruit, Tropicana Cookies, and Gelato Cake were all the rage, with concentrate winners made from Grape Ape, Oklahoma Mimosa, Fruity Pebbles, and Purple Punch. After the pandemic, we began to harness the power of the people to judge their own products with our first High Times Cannabis Cup Oklahoma: People’s Choice Edition 2020. Winning strains included Garlic Breath, Biscotti, Lilac Diesel, with equally prominent Garlic Breath wins in concentrates as well, among many other great products. The High Times Cannabis Cup Oklahoma: People’s Choice Edition 2021 followed up with another great year, and strain wins from the popular Wedding Crasher, Gelato, Sunset Runtz, Mimosa, Strawberry Banana, and concentrates dominated through Amnesia Haze diamonds, Peanut Butter Breath live resin, SK Smash live rosin batter, and so much more.

https://hightimes.com/

Canadian Girls and Scottish Boys Have Highest Rates of Teen Weed Use

A recent World Health Organization study of youth substance use shows that Canadian girls and Scottish boys have the highest rates of cannabis use among 15-year-olds in Europe, Central Asia and Canada, according to data collected in 2022. Overall, the study shows that cannabis use among teens has declined slightly, with the percentage of 15-year-olds who have ever smoked cannabis falling from 14% in 2018 to 12% in 2022. Among 15-year-olds, 6% reported having used cannabis in the last 30 days. The research by the World Health Organization (WHO) examined survey data from 280,000 children aged 11, 13 and 15 from 44 countries on three continents about their use of alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes and cannabis, making it the largest study of its kind to date.  A quarter (25%) of 15-year-old Canadian girls interviewed for the study said they had smoked cannabis at some time in their lives, while 21% of Canadian boys said the same. Scotland took the top spot for cannabis use among 15-year-old boys, with 23% saying they had smoked weed at some point, while 16% of girls the same age said they had done likewise. The survey data from Scotland included interviews with 4,000 teenagers. Dr. Jo Inchley of the University of Glasgow, who worked as international co-ordinator for the study, said the high ranking of Scottish boys identified by the research is “concerning.” “We’re not seeing the declines amongst regular users like we do amongst more experimental users,” she told the BBC. “Compared with other countries, we’re still relatively high and 15-year-old boys in Scotland have the highest levels of cannabis use across the study as a whole. That’s concerning. So, even though we’ve seen these decreases, we are still relatively high compared to other countries.” The study also examined young people’s use of alcohol, which was determined to be the most commonly used substance among teens. More than half (57%) of 15-year-olds surveyed said they had tried alcohol at least once, while nearly 4 in 10 (37%) indicated they had consumed alcohol in the past 30 days. The research also found that overall, the use of e-cigarettes by young people has surpassed cigarette smoking, with 32% of 15-year-olds surveyed reporting e-cigarette use at some point and 20% in the past 30 days. Nearly one in ten 11-year-olds said they had used a vape at least once, rising to 26% of boys and 40% of girls by age 15. In Scotland, 40% of 15-year-old girls and 33% of boys have used an electronic cigarette. Of those, 30% of girls said their use was in the 30 days before the survey, while a fifth of boys (20%) said the same. English girls vaped at a similar rate as Scottish girls, with both countries reporting higher rates than many other countries including France, Austria, Germany, Albania, Spain, Canada and Norway. “Vaping in the UK is higher than the average across all the countries that took part in the survey as a whole,” said Inchley. “Steep increases in vaping among young people in the U.K. threaten to reverse some of the positive trends we’ve seen in substance use in recent years with overall declines in alcohol use and cigarette smoking since the 1990s.” “Rates of vaping have doubled in the last four years among girls in Scotland,” she added. “Vapes are far too readily accessible to young people and the health risks are underestimated. New legislation to ban single-use vapes is an important step forward but further action is needed to address these worrying trends.” The WHO characterized the popularity of substance use among young people as “concerning,” with more than half of 15-year-olds saying they have tried alcohol and a fifth saying they have used e-cigarettes. The new data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2022 study also reveals a narrowing gender gap in substance use, which WHO officials say emphasizes the need for targeted prevention strategies.  “The widespread use of harmful substances among children in many countries across the European Region – and beyond – is a serious public health threat,” Dr. Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO Regional Director for Europe, said in a statement about the research. “Considering that the brain continues to develop well into a person’s mid-20s, adolescents need to be protected from the effects of toxic and dangerous products.”  “Unfortunately, children today are constantly exposed to targeted online marketing of harmful products, while popular culture, like video games, normalizes them,’ he continued. “WHO/Europe is working with countries to ensure all young people, everywhere, get the best possible start in life. This means protecting them from toxic and addictive products that could affect their quality of life in the years ahead.”

https://hightimes.com/

Report: ‘Tech Bros’ are Microdosing Psychedelics in Droves

Big Tech is a hotbed for psychedelic microdosing—especially among the highest ranking thought leaders. So-called “tech bros” are gulping down microdoses of psychedelics, be it LSD, ketamine, psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT, or other drugs, and the trend is spreading like wildfire throughout Silicon Valley. Microdoses of psychedelics aim to improve mood and wellbeing without inducing hallucinations and strong psychoactive effects. The Independent reports April 26 that what began as a turning point for Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, the use of psychedelics for therapeutic purposes, now extends to the top tech magnates in the world today.  A “tech bro” is someone, usually a man, who works in the digital technology industry. They are also sometimes called “brogrammers” or “technocrats.” Tech Bros are gravitating towards psychedelics in order to survive the daily grind in a highly competitive industry. Many of the top tycoons in the industry are openly sharing their experiences with microdoses of psychedelics. They’re also experimenting with psychedelic retreats, meditation, weird diets and even food deprivation (see Twitter founder Jack Dorsey.) In 2022, Wired called the phenomenon “The ‘Shamanification’ of the Tech CEO.” These approaches to well-being are being explored more often in the industry. SpaceX founder and billionaire Elon Musk opened up about his experiences with ketamine in June last year. He argued that the psychedelic is better than the alternative, which is antidepressants that often cause side effects such as even worse depression. “Depression is overdiagnosed in the US, but for some people it really is a brain chemistry issue,” Musk tweeted. “But zombifying people with SSRIs for sure happens way too much. From what I’ve seen with friends, ketamine taken occasionally is a better option.” He’s also open to the benefits of other psychedelics. “A lot of people making laws are kind of from a different era,” Musk said at the 2021 CodeCon conference. “As the new generation gets into political power, I think we will see greater receptivity to the benefits of psychedelics.” A few years ago, billionaire and PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel backed psychedelic start-up Atai Life Sciences which makes ketamine-based drugs. Then Google co-founder Sergey Brin opened up about microdosing psilocybin. Psilocybin microdosing is the repeated self-administration of mushrooms at doses small enough to not induce hallucinations but with reported effects on feelings of wellbeing. It’s being explored for the treatment of conditions like depression. “There really is a critical mass of intelligent people collectively coming together to say that we need to change policy around mushrooms—that we need to take them from the underground and put them into the mainstream in a safe and responsible way,” Dennis Walker, a mushroom podcaster and business adviser, told The Independent. “Because these are profound and effective treatments for many indications, and they’re also the birthright of human beings.” The late Apple tycoon Steve Jobs and billionaire Bill Gates—arguably the OG “tech bros”—paved the way by openly discussing their experiences in the past with LSD.  Jobs especially liked talking about the world’s most potent hallucinogen, and suggested it played a role in the invention of personal computing and other innovations. “LSD shows you that there’s another side to the coin,” Jobs said, adding “and you can’t remember it when it wears off, but you know it.”  This aligns with a recent analysis of psychedelic drug use among American adults that has indicated that business leaders and managers seem to be dropping more acid than their subordinates.  The study, published last October in the peer-reviewed journal Substance Use and Misuse, analyzed data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health and looked at trends related to use of LSD. Researchers looked at data from over 168,000 adults over the course of the years 2006-2014 and found that people who identified themselves as managers in their field had experienced a notable increase in LSD use in the last year of the study, significantly more so than other full-time employees who did not identify as managers.  “The results suggest that the prevalence of past year LSD use increased over time at a greater rate among business managers than non-managers and that this difference cannot be accounted for by changes in business managers’ perceived risk of LSD use or general substance use relative to non-managers,” the study said.  Study participants self-reported their own drug use which included information on psychedelics including LSD. Researchers used this information to form correlations and they found that business managers and leaders experienced a .07% increase in LSD use over the last year of the study whereas other full time employees who were not in a leadership position only increased by .02%. Trends show that tech billionaires are helping to normalize the use of psychedelic microdoses for therapeutic purposes.

https://hightimes.com/

Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors Approves Study To Address Ongoing Cannabis Odor

The topic of odor is prevalent among communities in close proximity to cannabis cultivation operations, and Santa Barbara is no different. Recently the Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors met on April 23 to discuss how to tackle the issue, and ultimately voted 3-2 to commission a study to evaluate further options. According to Santa Barbara Independent, there are some expensive tech devices such as carbon filters (nicknamed “scrubbers”) that could potentially reduce cannabis aroma, ultimately preventing it from being detected outside of the facilities. However, scrubbers are priced at $22,000 a piece, and in order for them to be effective, a grow would need one for every 10 acres. More fees are factored in later with “electrical upgrades,” which the Santa Barbara County planners told the board it would be a “potentially prohibitive expense.” Both Board Chair Steve Lavagnino and Supervisor Das Williams, who helped push along Santa Barbara County’s 2018 cannabis ordinance, stated that it wouldn’t be fair to require cultivators to purchase such machines. Supervisor Joan Hartman agreed as well, and the trio voted in the majority to have a six-month study commissioned. Currently, there are only five greenhouses that have scrubbers, out of a total of 20 operating in Carpinteria Valley, located east of the city of Santa Barbara.  The study would analyze “power upgrades that may be necessary in advance of scrubber installations,” according to Santa Barbara Independent. Hartman said that she supported scrubbers for greenhouses, but also wants to see a resolution for the cannabis aroma that comes from sungrown operations as well. She claimed that the smell that exists between Highway 246 and Santa Rosa Road, detectable in Buellton and Solvang (located northwest of Santa Barbara) needs to be addressed. “It’s really a disservice to our public not to regulate cannabis odor for the most sensitive people,” Hartman said. “We need to find out where we’re measuring odor, what tool we’re measuring it with and what’s the limit.” The two supervisors who objected to the study included Bob Nelson and Laura Capps, stating that they wanted to see scrubbers required by all cannabis greenhouses. “My frustration level is coming to a place where I feel we just need to push forward with something,” Nelson said. “… Sometimes, we do too much planning.” Capps also spoke out about requiring scrubber power upgrades. “Is it our role to be deciding what a business can afford to do?” she asked. Capps concluded that more studies are not what is needed, because “people continue to suffer.” “I don’t think we’re doing our job if we kick the can down the road longer,” she continued. “…Who are we trying to serve? I don’t know what more studies are going to get us, other than more frustration from the neighbors.” In response, Lavagnino supported the many locals who have gained jobs because of the cannabis industry. “There’s a lot of people who are also our constituents who work at these places,” Lavagnino said. “That’s why when we talk about the cost of these facilities, it matters. People could lose their jobs.” The study will specifically focus on three primary areas where a strong cannabis aroma is often detected. County planners will utilize a device called a Nasal Ranger, which can measure odor strength. Carpinteria Valley locals have reported 3,700 odor complaints but none of them have been “verified” by the county, because it’s impossible to find which greenhouse the aroma is coming from. Without verification, the county can’t make any decisions to require scrubbers or other technological devices. “This isn’t working,” Nelson said. “…It’s wildly unsuccessful.…Zero verified complaints is really alarming. Additional planning or studies is not the solution.” Nelson also suggested that scrubbers should be required by growers starting when they renew their license to cultivate. “We could solve this problem and it would no longer exist, and we could stop having these hearings and these issues,” he added.  The Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors voted in February 2018 to allow cannabis cultivation in unincorporated parts of the county. Within the past six years of the passing of this ordinance, the board has only issued one odor violation notice. Carpinteria Valley has 170 acres of land approved for cannabis cultivation, with about 116 acres currently being utilized.  In the past 15 months, reports have shown that another odor technology that utilizes plant oils in misting systems is working to mask the smells. However, it doesn’t fully eliminate the smell, and instead residents began to complain about the “laundromat” odor from the mist instead. At the April 23 meeting, numerous cultivators spoke up asking the board not to employ a “one-size-fits-all” type of resolution. Pacific Dutch Group co-president, Tadd McKenzie, explained that growers have already been taking steps to reduce the odor. Improvements “have already been made and will continue to be made by operators,” McKenzie said. “…Using valuable county resources on costly regulatory updates instead of improving ongoing compliance will only make market conditions more favorable to non-tax-paying black-market competitors.” Another grower, Autumn Shelton from Autumn Brands, said requiring her to install scrubbers or other odor technology would render her business financially infeasible. “While scrubbers is a really great idea, when the market crashes only two years ago, it’s really hard to come back from that and continue to spend and spend and spend,” Shelton said. Toward the conclusion of the meeting, Williams explained that growers need to continue to work toward some kind of resolution. “The longer anybody delays, the more burdensome the final result will be,” Williams said. “I hope there’s a clear warning sign that progress needs to be made…” Nelson warned that something will need to change soon to address the ongoing issue. “This is an issue I see coming,” he said. “I want to say again to this industry: Get ahead of it. At some point, if you’re not ahead of it, you’re going to get run over by it.”

https://hightimes.com/

U.S. Economy To Receive $112.4 Billion Boost from Cannabis Industry in 2024

Green isn’t just the color of cannabis, but cash, too. And thanks to your valiant efforts of consumption, the industry is looking to help out the economy. Info from the newly released MJBiz Factbook reveals that the economic impact of regulated marijuana sales in the U.S. could exceed a whopping $112.4 billion in 2024. That’s a 12% growth compared to last year.  Overall, the Congressional Budget Office forecasts a slowdown in economic growth for 2024 due to higher unemployment levels and reduced inflation. As a result, the Federal Reserve is likely to lower interest rates starting in mid-2024. After this, economic growth is expected to rebound in 2025 (mark the year in your calendars hopefully you’ll have extra money for weed) and then level off in the following years. So, while 2024 isn’t likely going to be one of the best economic years on record, that’s not the cannabis industry’s fault. Without it, we’d be $112.4 billion poorer as a nation. And as new cannabis markets emerge, the industry is projected to contribute over $200 billion in additional spending to the U.S. economy by 2030. While there were sales dips in established western markets (licensed retailers in California reported taxable sales exceeding $5.1 billion in 2023), marking a 4.7% decline from the previous year, according to the latest year-end data from the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration, you may have read about the California mass extinction), the cannabis industry continues to see growth through the expansion of new recreational and medical marijuana facilities in states like Maryland, Missouri, and New York.  While it’s exciting to see that the cannabis industry is going to add hundreds of billions of dollars to the economy, keep in mind that MJBiz’s date doesn’t account for potential U.S. government actions like federal rescheduling or legalization, each of which could boost revenue and economic impact. While Biden has said he’d reschedule cannabis and expunge more cannabis convictions, he hasn’t turned out to be the great liberal hero who legalizes marijuana for all. Donald Trump has been all over the place when it comes to cannabis. Thirty years ago, he said drugs should be legal, but he has backpedaled in modern years to appeal to his conservative voter base. Twenty-five years later, at the Conservative Political Action Conference, he said that he thinks marijuana legalization is “bad” and that he feels “strongly about that.” To come to the figure of $112.4 billion of economic impact, MJBizDaily applied some epic math by looking at comparable industries. Then, they used a standard multiplier to estimate projected sales for recreational and medical marijuana. The economic multiplier illustrates the broader economic impact of the cannabis industry. It suggests that for every dollar spent by consumers and patients at adult-use stores and medical marijuana dispensaries, an additional $2.50 is circulated into the economy. This money primarily benefits the local economies that sell the cannabis in the first place.  Keep in mind that the economic impact of the marijuana industry is different from supply-chain revenue, which is commonly utilized to gauge an industry’s ‘total size.’ According to the MJBiz Factbook, total U.S. sales for adult-use and medical cannabis are projected to hit $32.1 billion in 2024 and rise to $58 billion by 2030.  The term “economic impact” describes the effect of an industry (or an event) on the economy of the corresponding region or country. This includes economic growth, employment, wages, and overall economic activity changes. The economic impact includes direct impacts, such as the immediate benefits from business spending and salaries; indirect impacts, such as additional economic activity from local suppliers fulfilling new demands; and induced impacts, which happen from employees spending their paychecks locally. Knowing the economic impact helps stakeholders understand the economic value of different industries and make corresponding decisions.  The projections represent the best estimates available for the ever-evolving marijuana industry, which is different from others as it operates under a complicated and ever-changing set of state regulations yet is still illegal federally (until, of course, we elect someone down to make some real progress). The cannabis industry is vast and includes agricultural, manufacturing, and retail sectors, as well as businesses that don’t sell weed but help the cause, like lighting suppliers and cannabis-friendly accounting firms. The number even includes 420-friendly events and hospitality businesses, which can really improve our economy, per the data, and make you feel good about taking part in your local cannabis community. 

https://hightimes.com/

Study: ‘Little Evidence’ That Cannabis Harmfully Impacts Cognition in People with HIV

Cannabis is widely used to help mitigate the symptoms of a variety of conditions and diseases. Specifically, a number of state medical cannabis programs list HIV/AIDS as a qualifying condition, as cannabis can help to eliminate a variety of symptoms associated with HIV/AIDS treatment. Though, some clinicians have expressed concern how regular cannabis treatments in this regard may impact patient cognition.  Researchers affiliated with the University of California at San Diego sought to investigate the cognitive impacts of cannabis use in people with HIV through a newly published meta-analysis in the journal Current HIV/AIDS Reports.  Ultimately, they conclude that neither the use of whole-plant cannabis or cannabis-based medicines are associated with significant cognitive changes in those with HIV. In the study abstract, researchers note the potential benefits that cannabis use can offer patients with HIV while recognizing this population’s “high burden of persisting neurocognitive impairment” and physician concerns with adding cannabis into the mix, specifically its potential cognitive effects. Cannabis use among those with HIV is far from a new trend. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration first approved synthetic oral THC capsules (dronabinol) to treat HIV-induced cachexia, or loss of appetite, in 1985. Additionally, surveys have consistently affirmed that cannabis use is common among people with HIV, with one 2007 study predating the bulk of medical reform measures in the U.S. still finding that more than 60% of HIV/AIDS patients self-identified as medical cannabis users.  Another more recent 2022 study noted that 77% and 34% of people with HIV reported lifetime and past-year cannabis use, respectively. While some of these patients report recreational use as one reason, research over the years has found that cannabis is largely used among people with HIV to stimulate appetite, reduce pain, relax and ease anxiety and help with sleep. With plenty of existing data to pull from, researchers reviewed data from 34 clinical studies to determine the extent that cannabis impacts cognition among patients with HIV. The results, according to the study, revealed that there is “little evidence” to support that cannabis has a harmful impact on cognition among those with HIV. “Overall, the number of reported adverse effects were largely outnumbered by beneficial or null findings, providing insufficient support for the detrimental impact of CU [cannabis use] on cognition in PWH [people with HIV],” researchers reported, adding that the results suggest both cannabis and cannabis-based medications can be prescribed to people with HIV “while posing little threat to cognitive function.” The topic of cannabis use and cognition has seen a recent uptick in popularity, especially given recent conversations surrounding cannabis-induced psychosis (which has largely been linked to pre-existing conditions and vulnerabilities and is not a widespread issue among cannabis consumers, with some advocates arguing that the focus on this topic is a repackaged version of “Reefer Madness” propaganda from decades past). Of course, it’s important to look at the full picture and recognize how cannabis use and abuse may impact a variety of populations, and myriad studies attempt to look a bit more broadly at the topic. Recent research shows that cannabis users may actually have a lower chance of cognitive decline overall.  Previous studies have also noted links between heavy cannabis use and cognitive performance, though researchers noted that particular products used, methods of consumption and the reasons for use can also impact cognitive effects associated with cannabis use. Another recent study similarly found that adolescents who occasionally use cannabis do not see cognitive differences compared to those who abstain, once again highlighting a distinction surrounding frequency of use among other variables.

https://hightimes.com/

Intentional Medicine

Entering the gardens of Sun Roots Farm in Covelo in Mendocino County is like entering a botanical fever dream. Giant purple cannabis plants rule instead of humans, and weed flowers the size of buildings sway under the weight of their own colas. Below their sticky canopy, medicinal and edible companion plants twist, bloom, and communicate in soil alive with insects and mycelium. This sungrown Eden is a place where cannabis is encouraged to express her wildest potential. According to Forrest Gauder and Patricia Vargas, the husband-and-wife team of regenerative farmers who founded Sun Roots in 2015, the less human intervention on this potential, the better. “The plant has its own potential that is not influenced by humans,” Vargas said. “When it’s exposed to a multitude of beneficial components, such as high-quality soil, the energy of the sun and the moon, clean water, clean air, and the intention we put into caring for it, everything works in synchronicity.” Sun Roots is a regenerative farm, meaning its practices are centered around healing and regenerating life on earth by improving soil health, bolstering native biodiversity, carbon sequestration (capturing and storing carbon dioxide to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere), water conservation, and enriching the health of the overall Covelo community.  As opposed to the extractive farming practices often employed by cannabis farms, in which pesticides kill everything in proximity to the plants, poisoning the environment and sometimes even the consumer, regenerative agriculture uses a closed-loop system of cultivation that produces no waste and nurtures the environment while doing so. While Vargas grew up in urban Connecticut and Gauder in the hills above Covelo, California a shared belief in the power of plants ultimately led them to one another.  Vargas’s ancestors were tobacco farmers from Puerto Rico, with her mother often in the garden as she was growing up. She attended Keene State College in New Hampshire, which she describes as “super hippy dippy.” After 10 years of working on farms in the area, she traveled to California through WWOOF (Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms) to grow vegetables year-round. Gauder is a second-generation cannabis farmer who grew up in the self-reliant culture of the traditional market. “We were taught by my father to grow our own food on an off-grid apple orchard, homestead-style,” he said. “I’ve always been drawn to the cannabis plant. I love learning from the plant and building the wisdom I gain from it every year. In the same way that it grows, I grow too.” Shortly after Vargas moved to Covelo to work on a mutual friend’s weed farm, she and Gauder found each other one summer night on a full rose moon. “I decided to go to a drum circle, and Forrest ended up being there,” she said. “We immediately walked up to each other like magnets. We just knew.” At that time, Covelo was a different place. Like all corners of the Emerald Triangle, the endless pitfalls of legalization drastically altered the existence of cannabis farmers. “When I came here, there were so many people from all over the world,” said Vargas. “There was such a robust culture and an energy of excitedness and abundance. The wildlife was so healthy, and the landscape was so beautiful.” When state voters approved a legal adult-use cannabis marketplace in 2016, things began to change. “Prices just started dropping,” Vargas said. “Now your profit wasn’t as high because you’re giving all your money to compliance people or taxes. Everybody’s getting a cut. Things went from being amazing, feeling like we were on top of the world, to feeling like we had a ball and chain attached to us.” The “green rush” and its subsequent fall negatively impacted the environment of Covelo, as well. Due to its rural, secluded location, people began implementing extremely destructive farming tactics to turn a profit as fast and as recklessly as possible. They burned through the valley, leveling huge swaths of forest for makeshift mega-grows, siphoning water from the river, covering mountaintops with plastic tarps, and leaving the trash when they were done. “We were all like, ‘This is the dark side of this whole culture,’” Vargas said. “That’s why a lot of us going legal were pushing for environmental rights because we saw it happening in our own community.” The reason Covelo is such a hotbed of cannabis activity is because of its ideal soil. Covelo is located in Round Valley, which is exactly what it sounds like: a big round valley with a flat bottom and hills extending up from its perimeter. It used to be a swampy floodplain for Round Valley Creek that ran through it until colonizers built an outlet that drained the valley in the 1920s. “The mountains drained into the valley, creating these deposited silt beds that are particularly rich in the area beneath our farm,” Gauder said. “There are three to four feet of chocolate-colored soil. It’s really beautiful, full of worms and bugs and life and nutrients. Just think of all the stuff that’s been deposited there throughout the years. “Our farm is one of the best spots in the valley. Some parts are too rocky or sandy or dense with clay. But where we are, it’s a perfect top layer of dirt for growing weed and food, then under that, it turns to rocks and sand, so it drains really well.” Sun Roots Farm is the definition of true “living soil,” a hallmark of regenerative agriculture, which has become a buzzy marketing term for greenwashing brands in the industry. While we often see the term applied to indoor grows who put a couple of earthworms in their pots and then dump the soil after harvest, true living soil is cared for and nurtured like a living organism. “Anyone who’s dumping every year, that’s not living soil,” said Vargas. “Living soil is living. You continue to work with it. You don’t just throw it away. You feed it through compost and biomass and mulching, and the plants that you create. If you dump it, how are you honoring the life of your soil?” “Because you’re adding more decomposing matter every year, you build it with the aim of disturbing the soil as little as possible,” added Gauder. “The less you disturb it, the more mycelial networks that are going to be present, the richer your soil, and the greater the ecosystem.” This idea that the plants, the soil, and the ecosystem they create thrive in the absence of human intervention is integral to the Sun Roots Farm philosophy. Their hands-off approach to cultivation is born from a deep trust in nature and her ability to do what she does better than we can. The thing about plants is that without them, we die. But without humans, plants thrive. Humans often interpret cultivation as manipulating the plant to make it do what we want. Sun Roots does the opposite. “It’s about allowing things to be their most natural and not interfering too much,” said Vargas. “I think with cannabis, a lot of us think—or the habit has been—to go out and buy soil or buy these products for this, to manage this, and control that. What we’ve learned in our practices is that nature is the ultimate teacher. Nature knows what she’s doing. Leave her alone, and let her do her thing.” One of the most beneficial components of Sun Roots’s regenerative, closed-loop system is their herd of alpacas. Not only do they help control various plant populations on the property, assisting with fire suppression, but their manure is an incredible fertilizer for the cannabis. “Part of regenerative agriculture is stacking functions, so when we invest in something, we need to make sure it has many uses,” said Gauder. “We’re using their manure as our main fertilizer for all of the crops. They have super hygienic dung piles, so it’s easy to collect, which means that we don’t have to run tractors or burn fossil fuels. They also slim down the brush to a certain height, creating a perfect distance for fire suppression.” Instead of ripping out plants by their root systems like many other livestock, alpacas maintain the seed cycles of native plants on the farm through rotational grazing, composting them in their stomachs, and redistributing the seeds back into the earth through their manure. “We also use their shearings as mulch on the earth, which creates a nice layer of fiber and moisture barrier for decomposing nutrients,” said Vargas. “The mycelium love it. Then we’re able to draw in species like edible mushrooms that feed us and the bees and can also be put into fertilizer teas. The cycle continues in a circular motion where everything is in constant use, and nothing is ever wasted.” Sun Roots flower is a culmination of intention, high-vibe growing practices, and, of course, a little magic. Famous for their sparkly, dark purple nugs and fruity, complex terpene profiles, their flower has an energetically dense high that transcends just getting stoned. They specialize in a Velvet lineage, which started as the sister plants (or different phenotypes) of Jah Goo, a cross of Purple Jasmine and Afghan Goo that is a uniquely acclimated cultivar made in Covelo. Two plants in particular stood out over the years, with which they have continued to create seeds. The first is the crystal-laden Velvet Purps, with its magenta trichomes, neon leaves, and a high that leaves you happy, buoyant, and at ease. The second is their Magu’s Fruit, a personal favorite of mine for her uplifting and effervescently creative energy, originally dubbed Silver Goo for the silver gown of buds that cascade down the giant plants. These varieties, as well as a number of crosses like Velvet La Flor, Magu’s Velvatron, and Velvet Citrine, are available through retail shops such as Redwood Roots and Solful.  “This is intentional medicine for spiritual health,” said Vargas. “It’s not just recreational. I’m here to get stoned, yes, but a lot of us are using this for our mental health. So we make sure that we’re putting positivity into this. We need more positivity in this world. We need more love in this world. For us, to be growing a plant that we get to share with the world is an honor. Our greatest hope is that people will feel the medicine behind it. That they will take that seed they’ve been given, and they go on and share it with others.” This article was originally published in the April 2024 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

The Gift of Flavor

Chef Maverick is as multi-talented as they come, and the titles of chef, caterer, product developer, Chopped 420 competitor, author, businessperson, brand designer, and more are all just a glimpse of explaining her skillset. From catering small- and large-scale dining events (both with cannabis-infused dishes and non-infused meals) to creating her line of infused sauces and snacks, she’s highly ambitious and strives to craft flavor-packed foods using only the best ingredients. Maverick is a Los Angeles native who discovered her passion for food at 5 years old and has spent her life cooking for her friends and family. Instead of pursuing a culinary education in college, she attended school in Georgia and Tennessee and earned her bachelor’s degree in computer science and software engineering. During her college education, she also worked at numerous restaurants, from Red Lobster to Applebee’s and IHOP, and would experiment with cooking and recreating menu items from those businesses at home. “I would go home and recreate certain things that I liked, that worked, or put my little twist on certain things is basically how I developed my culinary skill set,” Maverick explains. After graduation, she spent nearly five years as a corporate sales rep. Her culinary career took off in 2015 when she moved back to Los Angeles and began building her reputation as a private chef and caterer. Her introduction to cannabis came a few years later when she was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis, in addition to learning that she was allergic to gluten and soy. Edibles helped her manage the symptoms of her conditions. Still, she found that the selection was limited—the cannabis industry was oversaturated with sweets, but somehow, none of them catered to her new dietary restrictions. “I realized at the time that edibles were very popular, but a majority of the edibles that were available were mostly gummies, cookies, brownies, you know, things like that,” Maverick says. “I also didn’t see any specific gluten-free, vegan, soy-free options. And because I found out I had allergies to gluten and soy, I couldn’t really eat any of the edibles that were available at the time.” This prompted her to develop a line of infused sauces, dubbed Mav Sauce, in 2018. At first, she developed cannabis pesto, ketchup, mustard, maple syrup, honey, and BBQ sauces, and her rise in popularity on social media prompted her to expand her sauce lineup to include new flavors including jerk BBQ sauce, Memphis sweet BBQ sauce, vegan chipotle aioli, organic maple syrup and honey, balsamic vinaigrette, sriracha ketchup, and sweet chili sauce. Her infused sauces became so popular that she wrote a cookbook incorporating them, released in May 2023. Sauced Up! 420 Recipes Featuring Mav Sauce includes 14 recipes that offer creative ways to use her various Mav Sauces, such as adding her infused Memphis sweet BBQ sauce to smoked BBQ jackfruit enchiladas or using infused pesto in a Caprese stuffed mushrooms recipe. Maverick later developed dietary-friendly infused sweets called Mav Snacks after her savory successes. These include a variety of options from rice cereal-based treats to cookies, brownies, gummies, and more that are gluten-free, soy-free, and some of which are also vegan. According to Maverick, her fruit juice gummies are some of her bestsellers. “Certain gummies may have two flavors; some of them have three,” Maverick says. “So it may be pineapple, watermelon, and strawberry or something like that, you know, so people love them for that, and they’re very good.” Her vegan strawberry lemonade cookies, including a lemon-flavored cookie with strawberry jam in the center and a drizzle of strawberry lemonade icing, are also a bestseller and one of her favorites. Not only are Maverick’s sauces and snacks packed with flavor, but she also maintains high standards when using quality ingredients. “The thing about Mav Sauce and Mav Snacks is that they’re exclusively gluten-free, soy-free, and non-GMO. I don’t use crappy ingredients. I use mostly organic ingredients: organic butter, organic this and that, as much as I can. All my herbs are all organic because I feel like cannabis is supposed to be something used to help you feel better,” Maverick says. “But if you’re smoking trash, it’s not going to help you. If you’re ingesting stuff that is trash, it’s just gonna get you high; it’s not going to be helpful. You know? So it’s really important that the ingredients are quality for me, and when I put out a quality product, people can actually benefit from it versus like most companies, especially these edible brands, are probably in it just because it’s profitable.” Many of Maverick’s long-standing customers are medical patients suffering from a variety of conditions, such as endometriosis, cancer, and Parkinson’s disease. She recounts heartwarming messages that she has received from fans explaining how Mav Sauce and Mav Snacks have helped them manage their symptoms and improved their quality of life. “I’m just glad that I’m able to help people, you know, through their stuff,” Maverick says. “And that’s really like, for me, the best part of what I do. I really, really love helping people and getting that feedback that what I’m creating, it’s not just gonna get someone high, it’s changing people’s lives.” Maverick moved to Georgia toward the end of 2023, citing being “over L.A.,” but the decision to swap the West Coast for the east won’t hinder her plans for growth. A new chapter is beginning, and Chef Maverick is cooking up even more ambitious plans for the near future. By Chef Maverick Servings: 4 Prep time: 20 mins Cooking time: 25 mins THC mg/serving: 12.5 mg Ingredients 1 lb jumbo shrimp 1 cup shredded coconut 1 cup breadcrumbs ½ cup gluten-free flour (I use Bob’s Red Mill 1-to-1 Baking Flour) 6 tbsp vegan eggs (I use JUST Egg) 1 ½ tsp sea salt ¾ tsp black pepper ½ tsp garlic powder ½ tsp onion powder ¼ tsp ground ginger ¼ cup Mav Sauce Sweet Chili Sauce Oil (for frying) Sriracha (for garnish) Cooking Instructions Notes: Tablespoon of Mav Sauce Sweet Chili Sauce = 6.25 mg THC or CBD. Suggested serving per person = 2 tablespoons. To make a non-infused version of this, simply swap out my Mav Sauce Sweet Chili Sauce for any store-bought sweet chili sauce you desire. To make a vegan version, simply substitute vegan konjac shrimp instead of real shrimp. Excerpted from Chef Maverick’s cookbook Sauced Up! 420 Recipes Featuring Mav Sauce. This article was originally published in the April 2024 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

Weed Made Me Less Angry. Now It Sometimes Makes Me Mad.

The battle for self-improvement is ever-present and ongoing. While we’d love to remain on a constant upward trajectory, the reality is that internal and external factors regularly loom in the shadows, often serving as roadblocks and setbacks to our personal development.  Growing up, anger was a frequent passenger in my life’s journey. A regular overwhelming fixture from my teens to mid-20s, frustrations often boiled into anger and unpleasantness. It was a period of my life that I’m now embarrassed by, particularly my pathetic ability to devolve into a whiny loudmouth far too fast and often. Today, at 37, I’m mostly calm, though some may say otherwise.  Weed helped play a significant role in changing my perception and approach towards life over the years. Combined with other mental health measures, I’m happy to report that I’ve been largely content for much of the last decade. That said, recent developments in this industry have challenged my mental homeostasis and my upward trajectory at times.   I developed a short fuse early on, starting around my pre-teens as a schlubby fly on the wall. My anger was a simmering stew during my earlier years, starting as a pre-teen. My feelings were a grief gazpacho created by a recipe likely known to many readers. It combines family with your own flawed life decisions. Toss in a dash of factors outside your control, and boom, you’ve got the recipe for a damn fine anger soup.  From about 12 to 20-something, I developed a track record of being irritable, difficult at times. I was pretty damn annoying. I stewed on slights and regularly strived to defy previous bullies, bosses, and others. By college, I was an often pissy, angry little thing who took far too much influence from the “I’mma let you finish” Kanye West era. I loved to rant and vent, all while being a stone-cold, largely uneducated dipshit.   By my mid-20s, I was an asshole more often than not, ready to bite back or even bite first if I sensed bad times on the horizon. I must confess, I was proud of this back in the day. I thought I had toughened up and protected myself from perceived dangers. For more than a few years, being an asshole was my natural default. Defensive stances, often supported by anger, kept me safe and protected. But over time, I realized that I didn’t like who I was or where I was going. A quarter of my life in the books, I needed peace for myself and the people around me. I had smoked pot since I was 18, but I never saw it as anything more than recreational. That changed when I needed to recalibrate my thinking.  Around 26, I found myself in an embarrassing state of affairs. I was reeling after an embarrassingly short stint living in LA a year or so prior. Since then, two relationships had gone to crap, leaving me broke, lonely, and wondering what would become of my life. I was upset about work, life and losing badly in FIFA ‘13. Around 2013, I started exploring how I can better myself. Along the way, I realized how extensively weed helped me think introspectively, examining the pros, cons, and everything in between. I credit this to a roommate who always had a quarter pound of weed and was down to share. You’re a good dude, Mike. I owe you tons.  Unfortunately, due to a lack of medical insurance, it took me another year before I finally started going to talk therapy. In the intermediate, weed and the occasional psychedelic helped create a largely positive effect.  By 27, I was more than ready for change. I had gone to a therapist during the summer of my first year in college. I learned quite a lot in just a few weeks. This time, I knew I would be going much longer. Talking helped—almost as much as listening. However, it took me about a year to start listening. That only came about after my therapist told me I don’t shut up and often cut people off. He told me I was tactless, which sounded tactless in itself. But maybe that’s what was needed to stick in my mind.  Two or three years into biweekly talk therapy, my general doctor recommended a nonaddictive pill for when I felt anxiety attacks coming on. I had previously thought those feelings of chest tightness were minor heart attacks brought on by overeating buffalo chicken and ice cream. I guess I was happy to learn I was more prone to controllable mental breakdowns rather than early on-stage heart problems.  At peak usage, I’d take about 10 or less pills every month. I stopped taking them in 2021 or 2022, I forget. Unlike pills, I never stopped using weed and shrooms. I don’t plan on changing that, either. While anti-anxiety meds did keep me in check, plant-based substances have always helped me open my mind to new ideas, perspectives, emotions, and better ways of living. I hope it stays that way. I’d love to say I’m cured. I’d love to say that anger is in the rearview and now I live life positively all the time. But that would be a lie.  Truth is that I often struggle with feeling angry, uneasy, upset, whatever you want to call it. I probably will my whole life. As much as I’d love them not to, things get under my skin, whether I like it or not.  Every day is an ongoing test to keep my feelings in check. After years of hard work, most days go by with anger barely present. I have clarity, breathing techniques and a cute dog to keep me grounded. This ongoing fluid management is part of my mental health regimen. Much like my cardio and strength training, there are days I do well and others I come up short. I’m trying to do my best, and on most occasions, I think I hit that mark. While I type that last paragraph with sincerity, I am fully aware that there are friends, colleagues, strangers, and the occasional client that may call bullshit. You know what? They may be right. And if it’s any solace to them, I very likely replay our interactions occasionally, just so I can scrutinize my actions.  I don’t like being angry, but I don’t mind getting there when I need to be. In life and work, it has helped in moments. If an older man calls a bunch of teens on the subway the C-word, then I might yell at him and make sure he stays off the train. If a client refuses to pay for services rendered, I might stand up, flexing my legal rights when needed. If a shithole news outlet steals my work, I may blast them online, even if it leads to them responding with a cheeky parody of me that’s very likely to give the publisher their first erection in years.   But, I do often wonder if I made the right decision.  I must admit that being in the weed scene sometimes pulls me down.  I appreciate this job and the life it’s created for me. But I miss getting high, having fun, and not having to deal with industry grandstanding, or even worse, uneducated people thinking they understand the nuances, when in reality, they’re often the most misinformed person in the room.  For a plant associated with euphoria, there’s plenty in pot to make a person mad. Often, the source of anger isn’t in regards to righteous causes such as the freedom of drug war victims or fair and affordable access to cannabis through means like home cultivation.  The source of the frustration is typically detrimental people and actions. The vast majority of the movement is well-intentioned and good. However, examples of the opposite run long and deep, creating a troubling sliver that may include:  But let’s also point the finger at ourselves on occasion. There’s a lot to be disheartened about when it comes to weed consumers.  People flock to boof almost as much as they do clickbait-y, rage-bait content. And look, that’s life. People love looking at accidents, commenting on hot button posts, and smoking sus weed sprayed with terps so that the plant tastes like cotton candy. In short, people are attracted to stupid shit more often than not.  We’re not stopping these habits. But, as a media professional, all I ask is that the “readers” first step off their soapbox before banging on about how they want to see positive content.  Let’s be real: Traffic data shows that most people don’t read positive stories, no matter what they say. I’ve tried getting positive pitches approved by various outlets. Sadly, the traffic numbers often don’t warrant the commissioning, and that sucks.  But let’s be honest. Most people don’t read at all, especially long op-eds like this.  Okay, don’t read. Be dumb. That’s your choice. But all too often, these same cabezas full of caca who don’t educate themselves want their opinion to matter on the same level as someone who’s informed on this matter.  I know I’m an old man yelling at clouds here, but for the love of God, read before commenting. Otherwise, you’ll risk throwing your neck out during all that digital self-fellation. But hey, at least this is a worldwide problem and not just a weed thing, right?  Anger is like cayenne pepper. A sprinkling gives you the kick needed to make something right. Too much, and you’re potentially in for an uncomfortable experience.  Managing your temper requires various approaches depending on your unique circumstances and needs. I believe that pot has played a crucial role in helping me see through nearly three decades of mental fog and stormy seas of strife to get me where I am today. Through prolonged talk therapy and weed, plus a sprinkling of psychedelics and anti-anxiety meds, I’ve been able to get my anger mainly under control.  While I hope the day does come eventually, I doubt I’ll ever be anger-free. So, I’ll just keep pushing the rock up the hill, hopefully finding ways not to slide back as far as I have in the past. And after all, isn’t that all we can ask of ourselves? If we can’t change society or the industry, at least we can try to become the best version of ourselves, right? 

https://hightimes.com/

Louisiana Legislative Committee Unanimously Passes Adult-Use Cannabis Framework Bill

The Louisiana House Health and Welfare Committee recently passed House Bill 707 in a unanimous vote to propose a regulatory framework for the state’s cannabis legalization. The measure, which prefiled in March, doesn’t directly legalize adult-use cannabis but it does start the process of building a foundation for reform. The goal, according to Rep. Edmond Jordan who introduced the bill, is to attempt to get HB-707 passed in the legislature in 2024, followed by introducing two other bills in 2025 which would address adult-use possession and cannabis taxes. Toward the end of a meeting on April 24, Jordan spoke about HB-707 to the House Health and Welfare Committee. “This is a very simple bill,” said Jordan. “What it does…it is for the adult use of cannabis. It sets up the retail side with dispensaries and how we would do that.” The bill would allow adults over 21 to purchase one ounce of cannabis every day, and would also allow residents to pay $75 per year to obtain a permit to grow up to six plants at home (with a maximum of 12 plants). Jordan projected that if adult-use cannabis sales were legal, it could potentially provide more than $1 billion in tax revenue over the next 10 years, which includes an estimated $100 million annually going into the state general fund. Marijuana Policy Project southeast legislative manager, Kevin Caldwell, was also present to discuss the prospect of adult-use cannabis in Louisiana. According to a report created by Vicente law firm’s economic forecaster model created for Louisiana, there are currently 430,000 adult-use cannabis consumers in the state, and by 2033 the industry could be valued at $900 million. “The total regulated market between 2024-2033 would be $5.8 billion,” Caldwell stated, adding that the report believes Louisiana adult-use cannabis could be put in place by 2027, and between 2027-2023, the industry could be valued at $1.17 billion. This was based on Rep. Barbara Freiberg’s adult-use tax bill which was introduced in 2023, and included a proposal of current local and state taxes, with the addition of a 15% excise tax. The adult-use cannabis industry fiscal impact, according to the report, would also generate $13.4 billion between 2027-2033. The report utilized data from all 24 states with legalized adult-use cannabis. Caldwell answered numerous questions from Rep. Rhonda Butler about how the report developed the projected numbers, and the effects of crime increasing in legal states (research shows that it hasn’t led to an increase in crime), and the regulation of potency. A total of 17 amendments for HB-707 were also adopted during the meeting, including transferring management of a cannabis program from the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Fisheries to the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH), the removal of a cap on licenses that the LDF can issue to cultivators, processors, and manufacturers, changes a license requirement regarding stakeholder disqualification if they were guilty of or plead guilty to a cannabis-related conviction, and removing a penalty for civil violations. One individual spoke in opposition about the bill in regard to claims about the impact of cannabis use among youth. “We don’t need to bring this scourge into our state. We just don’t,” they said. Jordan returned to the podium to speak about the reality of cannabis in Louisiana. “Look, we’re not bringing this into the state, it’s already here. So let’s not ignore what we already have here,” Jordan explained. “The real issue is: do we want to regulate it, do we want to make it safer for our kids, do we want to make sure that we don’t have this laced with fentanyl in some grey or illegal market. I think if we bring it above ground, we regulate it, we’re able to test it, we’re able to do all these other things to make sure that it’s safe, it’s gonna make it better for our kids.” Jordan asked that the bill be sent to the floor for further discussion, where he can present evidence that contradicts what the opposition discussed. Ultimately the committee voted 10-0 to approve HB-707. Successful cannabis legislation has been hit or miss over the past few years in Louisiana. In April 2023, a bill to decriminalize cannabis was killed in committee before it was able to reach the House floor. In June 2023, House Bill 286 was signed by Gov. Jeff Landry, which implemented expungements for those who have previously been convicted of cannabis possession. In March 2024, the state’s 10th medical cannabis dispensary opened. Also recently in March 2024, Louisiana police reported that rats had infiltrated confiscated cannabis and were eating all of the flower. AP News spoke with a police superintendent who said that the “uncleanliness is off the charts,” at that particular building, and it’s not the janitorial staff’s fault.

https://hightimes.com/

Vegans Rejoice as Farmers Switch from Chickens to Hemp

Poultry farmers who raise chickens for slaughter are switching to industrial hemp farming, a trend that has taken place over the past few years. The reason? Hemp is among the crops that requires some of the fewest resources. It’s a hardy and easily renewable crop, and its active compounds like CBD make it more valuable than other industrial crops.  Vegan advocates have been after chicken farmers for some time now. Totally Vegan Buzz profiled a handful of farmers from multiple states on April 24 who are switching from poultry farming to hemp farming. Some of the farmers they talked to previously raised poultry for Pilgrim’s Pride Corp., an American, multinational food company—one of the largest chicken producers in the United States, and a frequent target of vegan organizations.  Pilgrim’s Pride received numerous criticisms in the past for multiple reasons including both the treatment of animals and of employees. Beyond the benefits of hemp, however, vegan advocates are primarily concerned about the treatment of chickens and other animals. Chicken nuggets? Ironically, vegan veggie nuggets that mimic the taste of chicken nuggets often contain hemp hearts or other hemp ingredients. But most hemp farmers that are making the switch are growing hemp for industrial purposes. The New York Times reported in 2016 that West Virginia farmer Mike Weaver, previously raised chickens under contract for Pilgrim’s Pride but switched to crops including hemp. One advocacy group calls the switch “Transfarmation.” There are multiple financial perks of growing hemp, and the industry continues it steady pace of growth. The global hemp derivative market is predicted to reach an estimated $15.2 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 15.3% from 2024 to 2030. The major drivers for this market are expanding scope of industrial hemp cultivation and growing demand. The “Hemp Derivative Market Report: Trends, Forecast and Competitive Analysis to 2030” report by ResearchAndMarkets.com provides more details. Tom Lim, a Cambodian transplant who raised over half a million chickens each year for Pilgrim’s Pride. He explained one of the reasons why poultry farmers are switching to crops like hemp and vegetables, including the setbacks of raising chickens. “Many poultry farmers get sick due to breathing inside the [chicken] house”, he said. Lim and his wife Sokchea transitioned from running a poultry farm to produce.  “Growing vegetables on my land has always been my dream,” he said. “It’s the healthy way to make food. In the chicken house, you contend with ammonia, odors, and insects. But entering a greenhouse—it feels fresh and healthy.” Vegan morals have woven their way into the story, and the topic permeates into popular media. The Guardian reported last December that the popular stop-motion animated film Chicken Run and its sequels can be interpreted as “a vegan morality tale.” It’s vegan-coded, many people have speculated. In 2021, a farmer started an initiative to help chicken farms convert to crops like hemp. The Transfarmation Project is an initiative from the advocacy group Mercy For Animals, and they help businesses convert their businesses from raising chickens for slaughter to growing crops like industrial hemp. “Our Transfarmation team provides resources and support to industrial animal farmers interested in transitioning their farms to plant-focused operations, the organization states. “The resources we create and data we collect are accessible to other farmers and organizations to facilitate widespread farm transitions, thereby contributing to societal good.” The Transfarmation Project highlights many farms that have converted to hemp as well as other crops, such as mushrooms or produce. Mercy For Animals highlighted a family farm run by the Halley family in Cookeville, Texas. For 30 years, the farm “raised six flocks of chickens a year—192,000 birds per batch,” they said. But the family-run farm converted to hemp. You can watch a video clip of the transformation on YouTube. “This is the very first successful transfarmation,” said Mercy For Animals president Leah Garcés. “There are 12 chicken houses, and they used to house tens of thousands of suffering animals, and now they are going to dry hemp. That is just so beautiful, to see the transformation, the possibilities that can come when people come together and try to find solutions. … I am going to work hard to make the chicken houses turn into something that [farmers] can make money off of, that can sustain the land and their families.  It is such a moment of creation and growth rather than destruction and death. And I just want to be a part of that.” More farmers are considering the viability of growing hemp instead of raising poultry and other farm animals.

https://hightimes.com/

DEA Challenges Bid To Use Psilocybin Under ‘Right To Try’ Legislation

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has urged a federal appeals court to deny a doctor’s attempt to administer psilocybin to dying patients under so-called Right to Try legislation, arguing that such laws do not provide for exemptions to the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA).  Dr. Sunil Aggarwal, co-founder of the Advanced Integrative Medical Science Institute, a psychedelics research and treatment clinic based in Seattle, has sued the DEA several times for authorization to use psilocybin as a treatment for depression and anxiety by terminally ill patients. Aggarwal’s legal actions are based on federal and state Right to Try laws, which permit patients with terminal illnesses to use investigational drugs for therapeutic purposes before they are approved for general use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).  Psilocybin, the compound primarily responsible for the psychedelic effects of magic mushrooms, has been shown through clinical research to have great potential as a treatment for serious mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and substance misuse disorders. The compound has been designated as a “breakthrough therapy” by the FDA but remains a Schedule I drug under the CSA, a classification reserved for drugs with no medical value. The state of Washington approved a Right to Try bill in 2017, the same year former President Donald Trump signed the federal Right to Try Act into law. Aggarwal argues in his legal action that the legislation gives him the right to administer psilocybin to his patients with terminal illnesses. The DEA, however, has rejected Aggarwal’s attempts to gain the authority to administer psilocybin to his patients. In its rationale for rejecting a 2022 petition seeking such authority, the DEA argued that treating terminally ill patients with psychedelics would be inconsistent with maintaining public health and safety. Aggarwal also claims the DEA wants him to register as a researcher to administer psilocybin, which is not a requirement of the federal Right to Try Act. Aggarwal appealed the DEA decision to the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal, arguing that it was arbitrary and inconsistent with public health interests and established legal precedent. In February, he argued that the DEA must explain how its decision is consistent with the CSA and its own policies, noting that the agency has issued waivers for the therapeutic use of other Schedule I drugs, including the use of medical cannabis by children. In a filing to the court last week, the DEA said that the Right to Try Act amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act but does not affect the CSA. The agency also said doctors who wish to administer controlled substances must abide by both statutes. “The CSA and the FDCA (which the Right to Try Act amends) are separate regulatory schemes with separate requirements and restrictions,” the DEA wrote, as quoted by Green Market Report. “Nothing in the Right to Try Act changes that.” The DEA also argued that the court should reject Aggarwal’s claims because he has not provided sufficient evidence to support them. The law enforcement agency also said it could not adequately evaluate his plan to administer psilocybin because he did not give enough information to justify the waiver he was requesting. Shawn Hauser, a partner at the cannabis and psychedelics law firm Vicente LLP, slammed the DEA’s position, saying the agency “continues to overtly misinterpret the law using unlawful delay tactics to deny terminally ill patients access to life-saving medicines that federal law affords them access to.” “Federal Right to Try laws were designed to allow eligible, terminally ill patients who qualify to use investigational new drugs that have undergone clinical trials (such as psilocybin), even if they are Schedule I substances,” Hauser wrote in an email to High Times.  “The law includes a clear exception to the FDCA’s safety/efficacy requirements that allow the use of unapproved, investigational drugs, such as psilocybin, that have completed successful FDA trials, by terminally ill patients,” she added. “This seems to be another excuse and obstruction by the DEA to deny patients access to a life-saving treatment that studies clearly demonstrate can be used safely as medicine.”

https://hightimes.com/

Study Reveals State Cannabis Legalization Lowers Immigrant Deportation

There’s yet another compelling reason to legalize weed. According to new research, states that have legalized cannabis also experience a “moderate relative decrease” in immigrant deportation rates compared to states where the drug is still illicit. As a study featured in the American Journal of Community Psychology details, immigration raids and deportations create widespread fear and mistrust, which have cascading effects throughout entire communities. As the fear of being targeted grows, people are less likely to engage with local institutions such as churches, schools, health clinics, cultural events, and social services.  And it also finds that kids who experience the sudden, forced deportation of a parent often suffer from a range of psychological issues including anxiety, anger, aggression, and withdrawal. They may also exhibit a heightened sense of fear, trouble eating and sleeping, PTSD, and depression. While these conditions can be treated with cannabis and therapy, the research on legalizing cannabis and deportation indicates that we could get in front of such troubles if we just legalize it, to begin with.  Of course, it’s not just immigrants, although better immigration policy benefits everyone. The study, conducted by researchers from Columbia University, also notes a slight reduction in overall cannabis-related arrests. The authors of the study stated that recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) could “help to mitigate some of the unintended immigration-related consequences of cannabis prohibition.” They observed that “Arrest trends in both legalization and non-legalization states were relatively similar and generally stable over the period.” They also found that the trends suggested that the overall prevalence of deportations went down between 2009 and 2020. Here’s a bit more of what they had to say: “Our results suggest that the RCLs were associated with a moderate relative decrease in deportation levels that was observed relatively consistently across multiple model specifications. Findings also suggested potential relative decreases in immigration arrest levels; however for almost all specifications, associated confidence intervals were wide and included the null. Together these findings support the overall possibility that RCLs may help to mitigate some of the unintended immigration-related consequences of cannabis prohibition.” About ten percent of U.S. families with children have at least one family member who doesn’t have citizenship, and it’s estimated that nearly six million kids have at least one caregiver without authorization to live in the country, putting them at risk for the aforementioned trauma and related mental health conditions.  The authors of the study didn’t draw definitive conclusions about the apparent link between state-level cannabis legalization and reduced deportations. However, it is noteworthy that all 11 sanctuary states for immigrants (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, D.C.), which generally discourage reporting immigrants to federal authorities, have also legalized cannabis for adult use. The research leads to the conclusion that legalization generally results in fewer arrests for cannabis-related offenses, suggesting that fewer immigrants are likely to be implicated in marijuana criminalization from the get-go. The researchers identified two “countervailing pathways” that they described as “relevant to anticipating the potential immigration implications of RCL adoption,” which are as follows:  “First, RCLs could lead to potential decreases in the overall number of cannabis-related arrests or convictions, and therefore cannabis-related immigration enforcement. A second possibility, however, is that state adoption of RCLs might lead more people who are non-citizens to reasonably but falsely assume that federal immigration status is unaffected by cannabis use permissible under state law—potentially leading to increases in immigration enforcement.” So basically, simply legalizing marijuana for everyone will naturally lower the number of people who are deported for daring to enjoy weed. However, there is also a chance that if recreational cannabis laws are passed, people who aren’t legal citizens might feel an unfortunately safe, false sense of security.  The study explains that even though some states have legalized cannabis, don’t forget that it’s still illegal under federal law. This means that any cannabis-related offenses, even seemingly minor ones, can have serious repercussions for non-U.S. citizens such as permanent residents, DACA recipients, and those granted asylum. According to federal policy, simply being charged with or admitting to possessing a small amount of cannabis can lead to problems with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), including affecting immigration status or even leading to arrest, detention, or deportation. This is also true for those who work in the cannabis industry, further narrowing the scope of available labor to immigrants.  So while yes, legal weed on a state level could lead to people feeling too comfortable and forgetting that there’s still the federal government to fear, overall, recreational laws seem to make life easier for everyone, as this new research into its implication on immigration shows. 

https://hightimes.com/

Arizona Church Reaches Settlement with DEA To Allow Sacramental Use of Ayahuasca

An Arizona church has reached a settlement in a lawsuit against the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and other federal agencies that allows the Indigenous religious organization to use the psychedelic brew ayahuasca for sacramental purposes. Under the agreement, the Church of the Eagle and the Condor (CEC) will be permitted to import, prepare and distribute ayahuasca to its members at religious ceremonies. “The Church of the Eagle and the Condor has reached a settlement to secure its religious freedom and the right to use Ayahuasca as its sacrament,” the church wrote in an announcement of the settlement. “This is the first Indigenous-based church to receive recognition and protection.” In 2022, the CEC filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Justice, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Customs and Border Protection and the DEA after DHS officials seized shipments of ayahuasca intended for sacramental use by church members. The lawsuit also cited government threats that the church and its members could face prosecution under federal drug charges if they continued to import ayahuasca, which contains the psychedelic drug and Schedule I controlled substance DMT (N, N-Dimethyltryptamine). The settlement allows the CEC and its members to obtain and use ayahuasca in paste or liquid form under an exemption to the Controlled Substances Act. The concentrate will then be diluted with water into a ceremonial tea by church members for religious ceremonial purposes held in Phoenix. The settlement permits the DEA to take samples of imported shipments to confirm they contain ayahuasca and no controlled substances other than DMT.  “This Agreement permits CEC to import, receive, manufacture, distribute, transport, securely store, and dispose of ayahuasca solely for CEC’s religious purposes,” the settlement reads. “CEC may not conduct any of these activities for non-religious purposes, including but not limited to recreational purposes. CEC may not use any DEA registrations subject to this Agreement to import, receive, manufacture, distribute, store, or use any other controlled substance.” Ayahuasca is used in South America by Indigenous cultures and folk healers in spiritual and religious ceremonies. In recent years, the psychoactive brew has gained popularity with American celebrities including Aaron Rodgers, Will Smith, Miley Cyrus and others, who have used ayahuasca to take advantage of its purported mental health benefits. CEC Ayahuasquero (sacramental practitioner) Joseph Tafur, M.D. said in a statement that the ceremonial use of ayahuasca “is an essential sacrament for our church.” “Our ceremony is rooted in the Shipibo Amazonian tradition which has been passed down by countless generations,” he said. “Now, in fulfillment of the ancient Prophecy of the Eagle and the Condor, this tradition has come to North America.”  “I am honored to be an Ayahuasquero with the CEC, and bring to our ceremony the care, respect, and reverence that it deserves,” Tafur continued, adding, “Our ancestral practice will continue to support the community and nourish our holistic well-being.”  Belinda P. Eriacho, a CEC board member of Diné and A:shwii lineages, said that the settlement with the DEA “reaffirms our right to practice our spirituality as we have always known. It is a recognition by the U.S. government and an important milestone in honoring and validating indigenous belief systems. Prior to contact, indigenous peoples have used sacred plant medicines for healing and ceremony since time immemorial.” “Our relationship with our plant relatives has always been an extension of our worldview. This has been interrupted by the imposition of governmental policies that have suppressed our way of life and demonstrated religious intolerance,” Eriacho continued. “This settlement is a significant step and acknowledgment of our spiritual beliefs as original peoples of the Americas.” 

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