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Hemp News, Laws & Product Updates

A curated news hub focused on hemp regulation and policy changes, cannabinoids (CBD/Delta-8/Delta-9/hemp-derived THC), lab testing and COAs, product safety, brands, and industry trends.

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https://hightimes.com/

U.K. Eases Restrictions on Hemp Agriculture

The government of the United Kingdom has approved changes to the rules governing industrial hemp licenses designed to make it easier for farmers to grow the crop. The new regulations will support regulated farmers who grow hemp and encourage new investment in the industry while continuing to discourage illegal drug uses of the plant, government officials said this week. In the U.K., industrial hemp (cannabis with less than 0.2% THC) can be legally grown outdoors by licensed farmers for the production of fiber and seed. Under the current rules, initial hemp cultivation licenses are issued for three growing seasons for a fee of £580 (about $727). License renewals cost £326 (approximately $409) and are also good for three years. Under the new rules, which are slated to go into effect for the 2025 growing season, the length of time a hemp license is valid will be extended to six years. The amended regulations also allow farmers to apply for a hemp cultivation license with a deferred start date of up to one year, giving new growers more time to prepare for the new crop. The new rules, which were developed in collaboration with experienced hemp growers, will also allow farmers to grow hemp anywhere on a licensed farm instead of limiting production to specific parcels of land. The change will give growers more flexibility in managing their operations and allow them to implement hemp into a crop rotation plan for their farms. The number of licensed hemp growers in the U.K. has increased significantly over the past 10 years, from only six in 2013 to 136 in 2023. Farming Minister Mark Spencer said in a statement that the new rules will give British farmers more opportunities to succeed by growing hemp. “Industrial hemp has huge potential across the UK to unlock new revenue streams, expand our bioeconomy without permanently removing land from food production, and bring wider environmental benefits,” said Spencer, according to a report from FarmingUK. “The licensing changes recognize industrial hemp as a field-grown agricultural crop and will enable more farmers to add hemp to their crop rotations,” he added. Industrial hemp licenses do not allow farmers to utilize hemp flowers or leaves. Growers who wish to do so can obtain cannabis cultivation licenses, which allow for the indoor production of the plant for medicinal purposes. The dual licensing scheme is designed to allow for the cultivation of cannabis and hemp for permitted purposes while preventing drug misuse and protecting public safety. “This government will always seek to reduce unnecessary regulatory burdens placed on businesses so that they can flourish and grow,” said Chris Philp, minister for crime and policing, the Farmers Guide reported on Wednesday. “The changes outlined today will help farmers and manufacturers in the UK to fully realize the economic potential offered through the safe and legal cultivation of hemp.” The adoption of the new rules was supported by groups including the National Farmers Union (NFU). Jamie Burrows, chair of the NFU Combinable Crops Board, said in a statement that hemp agriculture can benefit farmers and the environment. “It is one of the most sustainable crops farmers can grow, is a really good crop for capturing carbon from the atmosphere, has little to no input requirements and also has the ability to diversify farming businesses and crop rotations, especially when other break crops like oilseed rape are becoming more difficult for British farmers to grow due to increased pest pressure,” Burrows said this week. The U.K. government has also requested that the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs provide guidance on whether the permissible amount of THC in industrial hemp can be raised from 0.2% to 0.3%, the standard in the United States, Canada, China and the European Union.  The government also noted that it expects the nation’s police to continue to take a zero-tolerance approach to cannabis possession. Under U.K. drug laws, possession of cannabis can be punished by a fine and jail sentence of up to five years, with harsher sentences of up to 14 years behind bars for cannabis distribution convictions.

https://hightimes.com/

Amended Maine Bill To Establish Psychedelic Research Committee Heads to Gov.

Among the many states currently looking to enact measures to investigate psychedelic regulation and increase psychedelic research, Maine is one of the latest to throw its hat in the ring.  Lawmakers supporting the initial reform bill were hoping to usher in a new era of psychedelic drug regulation for therapeutic use, though the amended bill would pump the breaks and instead set the groundwork to potentially legalize and regulate at a later time. The legislation would establish a commission to study and make recommendations on psychedelic regulation and related services, specifically examining what a legal framework “for the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs, including but not limited to psilocybin,” may involve, Marijuana Moment first reported. The bill now heads to the desk of Gov. Janet Mills (D). The legislation, LD 1914, was approved by the House via voice vote on Tuesday just days after the Senate approved it. While the current language focuses on studying the proper pathways to potentially legalize and regulate psychedelics in therapeutic settings, the original legislation would have legalized psilocybin in therapeutic contexts. It’s a disappointing turn of events for those pushing for urgent access to psychedelic medicines and treatments, though Maine lawmakers in favor of psychedelic reform, like Rep. David Boyer (R), still recognized that the bill “represents progress,” albeit not as much as many lawmakers and advocates had hoped for.  In an email exchange with Marijuana Moment, Boyer cited evidence brought to the committee regarding how psilocybin can help a variety of different people with a wide range of conditions and needs. Still, he said it “seemed like” his Republican colleagues, and even many Democrats, were not ready to vote for the previous measure. “Hopefully, they do good work and we have a little bit more of a starting place” for the next session, Boyer said. Lawmakers considered other options to amend the bill, like removing provisions that would have allowed for personal possession outside of the regulated program, though Boyer said that route “seemed to cause more problems than solutions.”  So, if Mills gives the final OK, what exactly would the updated legislation entail? If passed, the bill would create a 13-member panel comprised of legislative appointees, health experts, a military veteran, academics and folks experienced in psychedelics policy.  Similar to other states that have created investigative groups to research psychedelic medicine and regulation, the Maine commission would review “medical, psychological and scientific studies, research and other information on the safety and efficacy of psilocybin in treating behavioral health conditions.” It would also look to other states and their approaches to psychedelic regulation. Additionally, the commission would be responsible for laying out a plan detailing how Maine could establish its own regulatory framework for psychedelic substances, psilocybin and otherwise in the future. Specifically, the commission would be tasked with developing a “long-term strategic plan for ensuring that psilocybin services will become and remain a safe, accessible, and affordable therapeutic option for all persons who are 21 years of age or older and for whom psilocybin services may be appropriate.” It would also be responsible for advising and making recommendations to the legislature surrounding a legal framework for the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs. Luckily for psychedelic reform advocates, the turnaround time to report findings is relatively quick, with the commission required to meet six times and deliver its report to the legislature by Nov. 6, 2024. Still, it’s uncertain if and how quickly findings would lead to the regulation of psychedelic assisted therapies in the state. Maine has made related efforts in recent months, including a similar bill that would have originally decriminalized drug possession and invested in treatment resources. It was since amended to create a task force to study the proposed reform measures instead. However, Portland, Maine — the state’s largest city — made waves last year when city council voted to pass a resolution to deprioritize prosecution for possession of psilocybin and other psychedelic drugs. It is not a decriminalization measure but rather “sets official city policy to put those crimes at the lowest priority for prosecution.” While the latest bill may not immediately result in therapeutic access for psychedelic medicines in Maine, it represents one of many active bills around the country regarding psychedelic research and reform — a topic that was hardly even mentioned only a few years ago — and serves as another reminder that this momentum surrounding psychedelic access across the U.S. is unlikely to slow any time soon.

https://hightimes.com/

A Breath of Innovation & the Art Behind Vaporizing

In the digital age, technology intersects with every aspect of our lives. The quest for innovation becomes not just about creating new gadgets but about significantly enhancing personal experiences in ways that resonate on a profound level. This evolution has been particularly notable in areas where smart technology, consumption, and personal preference blend into a cohesive whole. As we navigate through times where smart features and personalization are not just valued but expected, vaporizers have redefined the landscape of a whole industry, emphasizing health, efficiency, and the nuanced demands of a diverse range of users. At the forefront of this evolution for more than 20 years is a German manufacturer of premium vaporizers. From their headquarters in Tuttlingen, STORZ & BICKEL spearheaded the transition to this superior application method with unmatched quality and innovative engineering. Their legendary VOLCANO desktop vaporizer, with its detachable balloon, established the new standard of vaporizing, earning its place as a hallmark of innovation. The VOLCANO’s legacy was further cemented with the creation of the first medically certified version of the vaporizer, showcasing the company’s unwavering commitment to sophisticated engineering, precision, alongside unparalleled reliability, and usability.  With the introduction of their first portable devices 10 years ago, STORZ & BICKEL further expanded the horizons of convenience, allowing users to enjoy premium vapor quality irrespective of their location. The battery-powered MIGHTY and CRAFTY again transformed vaporizing technology, marking a significant leap in this journey towards a more personalized and mobile inhalation experience. Today, the VOLCANO Hybrid and the VENTY embody this continuous drive for innovation and improved usability. These devices not only deliver unmatched vapor quality and efficiency but also boast sophisticated features like Bluetooth connectivity and app control, allowing for an unsurpassed customizable and intuitive application. Vaporizers need to appeal to an increasingly wider spectrum of target groups, as each session has become more than a mere act of consumption but a personalized inhalation experience. Embracing the movement towards a cleaner, healthier, and individually nuanced application, STORZ & BICKEL continues to redefine industry benchmarks. Their cutting-edge vaporizers are engineered and crafted in Germany with a keen eye for the evolving preferences of today’s discerning users. Anticipating the demands of a diverse audience, the German manufacturer has ever since masterfully balanced the needs of tech fans, seasoned connoisseurs, and medical patients alike. As a result, their product portfolio excels with refined, certified vaporizers that impress with state-of-the-art features and offer an unparalleled level of customization in application. Their desktop vaporizers remain the perfect choice for enthusiasts prioritizing endless sessions and the highest vapor quality at home and other stationary locations. For those treasuring the freedom to explore the world with their vaporizer at hand, STORZ & BICKEL’s portable vaporizers offer the essence of mobility, discretion, and flexibility, making them ideal companions for the adventurous and a busy lifestyle. The VENTY and the VOLCANO Hybrid stand out as their latest innovations in both categories, revealing versatile smart features to suit every preference. STORZ & BICKEL’s VOLCANO Hybrid desktop vaporizer and the portable VENTY illustrate the brand’s continuous drive for excellence. These cutting-edge devices deliver unmatched vapor quality and efficiency, alongside sophisticated features that anticipate and surpass consumers’ demands. Erupting with excellence – The VOLCANO Hybrid, the successor of a legend, stands as a testament to the unparalleled vapor quality and efficiency that STORZ & BICKEL is renowned for. This desktop vaporizer offers a versatile and first-class vaporizing experience for seasoned connoisseurs and any group occasion. With its new dual application system of balloon and tube, sophisticated heating technology, and intuitive design, the VOLCANO Hybrid is made to enjoy customized, non-stop purity and precision. From quick heat to cool features – For enthusiasts seeking convenience without compromising on performance, the VENTY emerges as a quintessential choice. It persuades with an astonishingly swift heat-up time of only 20 seconds and is designed for the modern user on the move. This lithium-ion battery-powered device boasts an impressive 20 liters of air per minute and is the world’s first vaporizer to feature customizable airflow settings. Its portability, speed, and app control make it the ideal companion for those who value spontaneity and mobility, allowing them to enjoy premium vapor quality wherever life takes them. STORZ & BICKEL’s VENTY and VOLCANO Hybrid additionally stand out with game-changing features, speaking volumes about the German manufacturer’s commitment to innovation. Their patented conduction and convection heating technology ensures that every session is more than an act of inhalation, but an exceptional and nuanced pleasure. With Bluetooth connectivity, app control for customized settings, and unsurpassed low draw resistance due to high airflow capacities, these devices represent the state-of-the-art in vaporization technology on the market. Always ahead of the curve, STORZ & BICKEL has consistently demonstrated that they are visionaries in the sector of vaporization technology, continually pushing boundaries to enhance the user experience. Their premium vaporizers, Made in Germany, have prevailed on the market. Integrity forms the foundation of the company’s operation, from the rigorous testing and certification of their products to their commitment to customer satisfaction and usability. The motive of this German manufacturer is not simply about adhering to standards but about raising them. STORZ & BICKEL’s genius in suiting customers’ evolving needs becomes evident in their continued creation of certified high-end devices that combine well-proven patented solutions with innovative new features. The blend of individuality, novelty, and tried-and-true ensures that each STORZ & BICKEL vaporizer is more than a tool for consumption but a companion and expression of lifestyle. Their intuitive design, patented heating technology, and intelligent software, alongside features like Bluetooth connectivity and app control, showcase an ingenuity that anticipates and surpasses the desires of contemporary users. As the landscape of vaporizing technology evolves, STORZ & BICKEL continues to lead the way. Pioneering with purpose and precision ensures their position at the forefront of the industry for years to come.

https://hightimes.com/

New Report Shows Data on Positive Truck Driver Drug Tests

The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) recently released a report sharing new data on U.S. truck drivers. The report consists of a year-end compilation of data from 2023, as well as data specifically from December 2023, published by the Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse. This includes other data regarding “queries conducted, violations reported, and drivers in the return-to-duty (RTD) process.” The report shows that there has been an increased number of truck drivers with positive drug tests in 2023, as well as a high number of drivers who refused to be screened. The number of registered truck drivers has dropped every year since 2020, landing at the current number of 858,000 in 2023. Trucker drug violations rose between 2022 and 2023, with 67,775 recorded in 2022, followed by 68,229 in 2023. However, the number of trucker drug tests decreased, with 57,597 in 2022 and 54,464 in 2023.  The FMCSA wrote that there were fewer trucker screenings overall because they refused to be tested. “We’ve observed that even though the number of positive drug tests dropped for the first time in relation to the previous calendar year, the number of overall drug violations reported to the Clearinghouse continued to increase.” “The overall rise in drug violations in 2023, even though there are fewer positive tests, is attributed to a nearly 40% increase in reported drug test refusals—9,214 in 2022 versus 12,804 in 2023,” the report stated. “Drug test refusals include employer reported refusals like failing to show up for a random test, or leaving a test collection facility after a test has begun but before it’s complete.” A more complete breakdown shows that in 2020, there were 44,243 positive drug tests (with 7,092 refusals). This was followed by 48,407 positive drug tests in 2021 (with 7,941 refusals), 57,597 positive drug tests in 2022 (with 9,214 refusals), and finally 54,464 positive drug tests in 2023 (with 12,804 refusals). Alcohol drug tests are also conducted for truck drivers, although the rate of positive alcohol tests pales in comparison to positive drug tests. In 2020, 697 truck drivers tested positive for alcohol (with 257 refusals), followed by 859 positive tests in 2021 (with 305 refusals), 904 positive alcohol tests in 2022 (with 330 refusals), and finally 1,036 positive alcohol tests in 2023 (with 315 refusals). Overall, drug tests had decreased over time for all major substances. This includes cannabis (40,916 positive tests in 2022 versus 37,657 in 2023), cocaine (10,953 in 2022 versus 10,326 in 2023), methamphetamine (5,569 in 2022 versus 4,515 in 2023), and amphetamine (5,349 in 2022 versus 4,222 in 2023). The news outlet Transport Topics discussed the newest data from the report. The article points out that the one thing that hasn’t changed is that drivers who previously tested positive for one of the aforementioned drugs, a majority of them did not return to driving. “Of the 226,598 CDL/CLP [commercial driver’s license/commercial learner’s permit] drivers who tested positive for at least one drug since the Clearinghouse opened in January 2020, 158,330 remain in ‘prohibited driving status,’” Transport Topics wrote. “A total of 68,268 drivers with at least one violation are currently in ‘not-prohibited status,’ and 15,699 drivers have successfully completed follow-up testing.” American Trucking Associations (ATA) senior vice president of regulatory affairs and safety policy, Dan Horvath, explained that the Clearinghouse system is the leading cause of a decrease in positive drug tests for truckers. “While there could be a few unknown variables that are impacting the decline, I’m cautiously optimistic that the decline in the number of positives is simply because the Clearinghouse is working,” Horvath told Transport Topics. “We are now more than four years into having an active Clearinghouse system, and I’m hopeful that the message is out there that illegal drug use will be detected.” Horvath also added that this data shows the increase in education for truckers, and knowledge about the consequences of receiving a positive drug test. “Motor carriers have increased the education they provide to drivers to ensure they are aware of the consequences of testing positive. Now, we must ensure that oral fluid testing labs are approved so that carriers can begin using that testing method if they choose,” Horvath said. “ATA has also reiterated the need to correct and finalize the long-overdue hair testing guidelines that have been in Office of Management and Budget review for over a year now.” American Transportation Research Institute senior vice president, Dan Murray, also provided a comment about the drug test changes seen in 2023 data. “2023 was a really bad year for the trucking industry.” We were technically in a recession,” said Murray. “So I think the number of people entering the industry was considerably smaller than the previous years.” Murray believes that truckers are leaving the industry before they get drug tested, knowing what will happen. “So I think some people are proactively thinking ‘Well, before I get caught, I’m outta here,’” Murray explained. Additionally, he thinks that another portion of drivers don’t want to risk their jobs. “They say, ‘It’s not worth it to push my luck. If I use, I’m going to get tested. If I get tested I’m going to lose my job. So it’s time to clean up my act.’”

https://hightimes.com/

75-Year-Old New Zealand Man Arrested for Growing 250 Illegal Weed Plants

A 75-year-old man in New Zealand was recently discovered to have been growing 250 cannabis plants by local law enforcement. The Central District Organised Crime Unit, which worked with the Royal New Zealand Air Force, received a warrant to investigate an isolated part of the Whanganui River. According to Whanganui Chronicle, the owner of the property had previously submitted an application to grow hemp in that region. The investigation is part of an ongoing project called “Operation Emerald” that includes law enforcement targeting illegal large-scale cultivation of drugs in New Zealand. This particular location required traversing an isolated area near the small town of Raetihi and the Whanganui River, but not a destination where vehicles can be driven. Due to the remote location, the Air Force dropped officers in on March 26 to investigate. Detective Inspector Paul Baskett told the news outlet that the targeted illegal cultivation site previously owned a license to grow hemp, but it had expired in 2021. “The team were able to establish good cause to suspect that cannabis was being grown up there in large tunnel houses,” Baskett said.  Police found 250 cannabis plants growing in “tunnel houses,” or greenhouses, alongside a shed containing dried cannabis as well, although reports do not specify if it was only dried cannabis flower, or an assortment of dried cannabis plant material. Currently, the unnamed 75-year-old man has been charged with illegal cannabis cultivation and was scheduled for a court hearing in the Whanganui District Court. Operation Emerald also acted on search warrants recently in Bay of Plenty, located on the northeast side of the country. A total of 39 search warrants were conducted over the course of five days throughout the surrounding area, with 25 people arrested with a variety of charges. “Police have laid a number of drug and firearm-related charges, and further charges and arrests are expected as enquiries progress,” said District Commander Superintendent Tim Anderson about the warrants in Bay of Plenty. “Police, assisted by the Armed Offenders Squad in some cases, seized more than 80 grams of methamphetamine, $7,610, and recovered two stolen vehicles and a stolen motorbike. While executing the warrants, several loaded firearms were confiscated.” The operation also led to the discovery of 11,000 cannabis plants that were either “sprayed, recovered, or pulled from the ground” according to a 1News report. “The plants ranged in size from seedlings to fully grown plants 2m high. Police recovered 729 plants at one Western Bay of Plenty address, 1.6kg of harvested cannabis at a Taupo property, and more than 4kg of edibles at an Eastern Bay of Plenty address,” Anderson continued. “The Greazy Dogs gang will be feeling particularly hard hit, with more than 2,500 plants removed from paddocks surrounding their gang pad and residential properties in Tauranga.” Anderson added that the goal of these operations is to hinder the growth of illegal substances, and the warrants conducted in Bay of Plenty will have an “immediate effect” on gang activity. “Illicit drug operations on a commercial scale strengthen organised crime groups and harm our communities,” Anderson said. “The purpose of Operation Emerald isn’t to target recreational drug users—it’s to hit gangs and criminal entities, whose parasitic offending feeds off our communities. We’re thrilled to have hit their criminal networks and it’s pleasing to have results that have interrupted their offending. The large-scale production of illicit drugs is a high-risk activity and criminals arm themselves as protection. This increases the risk to innocent people and taking so many firearms out of the hands of criminals is only a good thing.” Anderson estimated that New Zealand gangs likely receive about $406 million per year because of illegal cannabis sales. “We don’t want them here, we don’t need them here, and we will target their offending every chance we get,” Anderson concluded. “If you choose to cultivate a drug that remains illegal and if you use it to fund your criminal lifestyle and perpetuate misery in our communities, you can expect police to hold you to account and to seize illegal firearms, drugs and ill-gotten gains.” In 2023, Operation Emerald seized or destroyed various illegal substances totaling a value of $128 million. Statistics about last year’s searches show that police found 35,097 cannabis plants (approximately 93.452 kg or 206 pounds of plant material in weight). New Zealand’s cannabis eradication program was initially cancelled in January 2021 because it cost too much to send out helicopters and airplanes out to investigate illegal cannabis grow sites. However, the program was revived in January 2022. Adult-use cannabis is currently illegal in New Zealand, but medical cannabis has been permitted since 2020. Meanwhile, the country’s first mushroom cultivation license was granted in October 2023. License holder Rua Bioscience is excited to offer legal psilocybin therapy options. “It is a privilege to be involved in this ground-breaking project and we are excited to be able to support this kaupapa,” said Rua Bioscience CEO Paul Naske. “It is exciting to see Australia and other jurisdictions embracing innovative and potentially life-changing medical research with psilocybin and exciting for Rua Bioscience to now be part of such a great national collaboration.”

https://hightimes.com/

Ohio Releases Proposed Adult-Use Cannabis Regulations

Ohio cannabis regulators last week released a draft proposal of rules to govern recreational marijuana production and sales. Voters legalized recreational marijuana in Ohio with the passage of Issue 2 in the November 2023 off-year election, making the state the 24th in the nation to largely end the criminal prohibition of cannabis. Issue 2, which passed with 57% of the vote, legalized recreational marijuana in Ohio for adults 21 and older, who are permitted to possess up to 2.5 ounces of marijuana and up to 15 grams of cannabis concentrates. The new law also legalizes marijuana cultivation for personal use, allowing adults to grow up to six cannabis plants at home. Households with more than one adult are permitted to grow a total of 12 plants. The successful ballot measure also created a new state agency dubbed the Division of Cannabis Control (DCC), which will have the authority to “license, regulate, investigate, and penalize adult use cannabis operators, adult use testing laboratories, and individuals required to be licensed,” according to the text of Issue 2.  Until last week, the DCC had not yet released any rules to govern recreational marijuana production and sales in Ohio, where medical marijuana was legalized by state lawmakers in 2016. Without regulations, consumers in the state were left without a legal avenue to purchase recreational weed, a situation Governor Mike DeWine characterized as “goofy,” according to a report from online news source Cleveland Scene. The new proposed regulations set rules for 13 areas of recreational cannabis production and sales, using the regulations from other states that have legalized marijuana as a guide. Among the new regulations is a requirement that retail pot dispensaries be located at least 500 feet away from schools, parks, playgrounds, churches and libraries.  Sales of recreational cannabis are restricted to adults aged 21 and over, who are required to show identification. Customers of dispensaries are required to be “escorted and monitored by an assigned registered employee at all times.” Retail dispensaries are required to close by 11 p.m. Additionally, dispensaries are not permitted to choose or change a business name without approval from the DCC. Before beginning operations, dispensaries are required to deposit $50,000 in an escrow account, while testing labs must deposit $7,500 and the largest weed cultivators are required to maintain an escrow account of $750,000. The regulations put limits on dispensary owners’ interest in other cannabis businesses, limiting them to one cannabis cultivator, one cannabis processor and eight retail dispensary locations. The proposed rules also set security requirements for cannabis businesses and mandate standards for the proper disposal of cannabis waste. Under the new rules, existing medical marijuana dispensaries could be licensed to sell adult-use cannabis as soon as June 7. Recreational dispensary licenses will be issued later, perhaps as soon as September 7. Brian Vicente, founding partner of the cannabis and psychedelics law firm Vicente LLP, characterized Ohio’s proposed adult-use cannabis regulations as “a sensible starting point for the Buckeye state.”   “Unlike recent legalization states like New York that opted to draft legalization regulations from scratch, the Ohio rules clearly borrowed ideas from earlier states—resulting in a refreshing level of sophistication and understanding of the needs of both cannabis consumers and business owners,” he wrote in an email to High Times. “These regulations include commonsense ‘best practices’ for businesses in important areas like waste disposal and quality assurance, which should lead to a smooth roll-out and ongoing operations. Consumers will be able to access cannabis from stores until 11 p.m. and through drive-up windows, which will foster widespread access.” The DCC is accepting public comments on the proposed adult-use cannabis regulations through April 17. The agency noted that the rules have not yet been finalized and are subject to change by state lawmakers. “The following information is based on the initiated statute ballot measure approved by voters. Because it is an initiated statute, it may be amended by the state legislature,” the proposal reads. “Any amendments to the statute could impact the timeline for the rulemaking and licensing processes, and dispensary sales.”

https://hightimes.com/

Customs and Border Protection Targeting Licensed New Mexico Weed Businesses

Federal officials in New Mexico are apparently targeting state-licensed marijuana companies at border checkpoints and seizing regulated cannabis products, according to media reports.  New Mexico legalized medical marijuana in 2019, followed by the legalization of adult-use cannabis in 2021. Regulated sales of recreational weed began in the state on April 1, 2022, just under a year after Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham signed the legalization bill into law. Since then, New Mexico’s licensed cannabis businesses have seen little interference from federal authorities, much like other weed-legal states over the last several years. The situation has changed recently, however, with U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents seizing regulated cannabis products at least a dozen times over the last two weeks, according to Ben Lewinger, executive director of the New Mexico Chamber of Commerce. Although 12 such seizures have been reported, the actual number could be even higher. “There still is a lot of stigma and a lot of fear so I imagine this is underreported,” Lewinger told KRQE 13 television news. “It’s hurting small businesses. It’s hurting all of us because of the loss of tax revenue.” CBP officers are permitted to establish immigration checkpoints to help stem smuggling and human trafficking within 100 miles of the international border with Mexico. In states with legal weed, these checkpoints are generally navigated without incident by licensed cannabis companies moving products within the state. But recently that has changed, although seemingly only in New Mexico. Lewinger said he believes the state’s cannabis businesses are being targeted by federal officials in the state and called on the Biden administration to step in. “Our brothers and sisters in California and Arizona, which also share a border with Mexico, they’re not seeing this kind of same increased activity. It seems like this is a situation that is particular to New Mexico and I think what needs to happen is The White House needs to direct the Department of Homeland Security to stop wasting resources on a product that poses no threat,” Lewinger said. “It’s just clearly outside of the scope of Customs and Border Patrol.” Nick Spoor, operations manager at Top Crop Cannabis Co., told reporters that the company has regularly transported cannabis products through CBP checkpoints successfully. “Normally they don’t have dogs, usually it’s just a, ‘are you a U.S. citizen, yes’ and then they wave you through,” said Spoor. But that changed when CBP agents seized products from one of the company’s vehicles at a checkpoint on Valentine’s Day. “We’ve been going through that checkpoint for over a year, no questions asked, so obviously we’re doing everything compliantly. It was manifested product,” said Top Crop Cannabis Co. CEO Matt Chadwick. “So, I was shocked, a little blown away and taken back.” Ethan Ramsey, an employee with Las Cruces cannabis producer Head Space Alchemy, was arrested by the CBP last week while attempting to go through an immigration checkpoint, according to a report from The Paper. The driver had been stopped at a checkpoint on Interstate 25, about 25 miles north of Las Cruces while delivering samples to a cannabis lab in Santa Fe.  Rob Duran, a managing partner of Head Space Alchemy, was following in another vehicle. The Paper obtained an audio recording of the interaction with CBP officials.  “We’ve been instructed to seize all cannabis—all illegal products,” the CBP officer can be heard saying. “It’s still federally illegal.” When Duran asked how the company and CBP could reach a solution to the situation, he was told that he could talk to a supervisor or contact the regional office.  “I can’t tell you anything that they [haven’t] already told you,” the officer says on the recording. “Or I can’t go above what they’re telling you … Everything’s going to get seized.” When Duran asks about Ramsey, he is told that the employee has been arrested. “He’s under arrest,” the agent says. “That’s what happens when someone gets placed under arrest. You’re trying to get a definitive answer out of me. I don’t know where we’re at. We’ve just started this process. We’ve just started this case, so I can’t give you a definitive answer.” Between last week’s seizure by CBP and an earlier one, Duran says the company has lost about $20,000 in product. More significantly, his workers now have a record with the federal government because of the interactions. “In both cases, [employees] have had their pictures taken and been fingerprinted, and have also been told that their names are going to now be in a federal database as being caught at a federal inspection checkpoint with cannabis,” Duran says. When contacted by local media, a CBP spokesperson denied allegations that officers in New Mexico are targeting licensed cannabis businesses. “Although legal for medical and/or recreational use in many states, marijuana is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law,” the spokesperson said in a statement. “Therefore, U.S. Border Patrol agents will continue to take appropriate enforcement action against those who are encountered in possession of marijuana anywhere in the United States.” Chadwick of Top Crop Cannabis Co. said that his business can handle the loss from CBP interference. But he says that other companies could be irreparably harmed by the product seizures. “People’s lives are at stake here. Businesses are at stake here. And it can affect some people with, like I said, very dire circumstances and they could lose everything they’ve had,” said Chadwick. “They’ve put their hearts and souls into their businesses and it’s not fair.”

https://hightimes.com/

Drug Mixture Called ‘Kush’ in Sierra Leone Sometimes Contains Ground-Up Human Bones, Reports Say

In Freetown, Sierra Leone, a cheap smoking mix that causes a powerful high—made up of cannabis, fentanyl, tramadol, formaldehyde, and reportedly in some cases, ground-up human bones—is sweeping the city and nation as a whole. It’s less a “new drug” and it’s rather more like a new drug mix made by drug manufacturers cutting drugs with cheaper substances that cause an effect. Locals roll the ground-up blend of drugs into joints and share them with friends for a long-lasting high. Like the “zombie drugs” you see in the U.S. that cause addicts to be frozen in pose on the street (fentanyl or tranq), West African nations report their own version of a “zombie drug” that causes locals to be in a coma-like state. Sierra Leone leaders declared an emergency due to the prevalence of people, mostly young men ages 18-25 who are smoking “kush.”  Unlike the landrace strain from Afghanistan and the Hindu Kush mountain range, “kush” in Sierra Leone means a constantly changing mix of drugs in a smoking mixture that probably contains potentially physically harmful ingredients—namely various opioids or human bones. “One of the drug’s many ingredients is human bones—security has been tightened in cemeteries to stop addicts digging up skeletons from graves,” BBC reports. Smoking crushed human bones contributes to the drug’s hypnotic high that lasts about six hours. (Smoking human bones in a separate drug mixture also gained popularity in South America.) A disturbing now-deleted Reddit thread provided information on smoking human bones.  The reports of grave-robbing added to the nation’s frenzy over this drug, which reportedly took popularity about six years ago. It drew the attention of Sierra Leone’s president. “Our country is currently faced with an existential threat due to the ravaging impact of drugs and substance abuse, particularly the devastating synthetic drug kush,” said Sierra Leone President Julius Maada Bio. The country is also concerned about potential long-term effects, mostly due to the addictive properties of the “kush” mixture. Sierra Leone Psychiatric Hospital, the only hospital of its kind in the country, says that between 2020 and 2023, admissions specifically for “kush” addicts surged by almost 4,000% to reach 1,865. Dr Abdul Jalloh, head of the Sierra Leone Psychiatric Hospital, said that the President’s emergency declaration is “the right step” and will be “crucial in addressing drug use.” Options for locals are limited. There is reportedly only one drug rehabilitation center in Freetown. The 100-bed facility was “hurriedly set up in an army training center” earlier this year. Locals, however, say it’s more of a holding center than a rehab center because of its lack of basic facilities. Locals hope the “kush” craze dies out and other, less harmful, drugs replace it. The demonization of drugs may also play a role in the reality of how much “kush” actually contains human bones. However, seven cemeteries in Freetown reported grave-robbing for valuables in 2016. Experiments with various substances that either produce a high or prolong a high have been introduced. Ground-up human bones also have been added to mixtures containing cocaine in other parts of the world. Vice reported that people in South America are also smoking human bones to get high. The drug mixture in this region also contains extremely harmful ingredients in some cases. Vice reported in 2022 that “Basuco” is now considered the cheapest drug in the world—about 20 cents a hit. It’s made from low-quality cocaine, brick dust, volcanic ash, sulphuric acid, kerosene, and sometimes ground-up human bones. Basuco is described as an epidemic in Colombia. As it contains cocaine, smoking it causes the smoker to compulsively crave another hit. The high for this drug is also shockingly addictive, reported as an epidemic of basuco dependency in South America.  So where exactly is “kush” being smoked? Mostly in countries in West Africa, where other types of drugs are scarce. The Conversation reports that the drug is reported in both Guinea and Liberia, which border Sierra Leone, making trafficking the drug easy. Kush costs around five leones per joint, and they’re typically shared between people, with up to 40 joints being consumed in a day. About twenty Sierra Leonean leones (SLL) equals a U.S. dollar. The annual income per capita is around $630. Drug mixes are common in some African countries, as drugs are cut with cheaper drugs. Another drug mix, “white pipe”, is a mixture of the hypnotic sedative methaqualone (Mandrax), cannabis, and tobacco, and the drug is smoked in South Africa. South Africa is the leading consumer of Mandrax worldwide, with between 70% and 80% of the drug ending up in this country.

https://hightimes.com/

How To Navigate the Perils of Pre-Roll Automation

The world of pre-roll automation is a perilous one for cannabis operators. Get it right and you suddenly have a stronger, more sustainable business model. Invest in the wrong pre-roll machine, and you’re stuck with an expensive piece of junk that barely runs, compromising the financial stability of your operation. If you do choose the right pre-roll automation machine, the reduction in labor costs could cover your monthly payments on said machine – assuming you’ve got enough demand for your product. Some of the top minds in the pre-roll space recently weighed in on the nuances of pre-roll automation, offering insights, cautionary tales, and which machines they like best. As with everything in cannabis, the question of pre-roll automation isn’t always so straightforward. After all, these machines typically cost about $250,000 or more. And even if you have a line on a reliable machine that will actually do what you need it to, how does an operator know when it’s truly time to pull the trigger on automation? Constantly stressing over production deadlines is usually a good indicator – but is it the only one? “There’s a bunch of factors at play, but one of them is just a race to the bottom,” says Harrison Bard of Custom Cones USA, a one-stop shop for pre-roll manufacturers. “Companies are trying to figure out how they can cut costs at every step of the process to make the cheapest price-point product, and they look to automation to try to lay off everyone and reduce their labor costs.” But a lot of operators don’t necessarily have the demand to invest in that type of machine, Bard says. “Yeah maybe you can cut your costs by using an automated machine, but do you have enough demand to maximize the efficiency of that machine?” On the flip side, pre-rolls without automation are labor-intensive, hogging precious hours that your team could devote to other SKUs. And even worse, if your production bottlenecks are causing you to miss deadlines, you risk losing shelf space to a competitor, which can lead to a downward spiral in business that nobody wants. Imagine investing $250k or more on a piece of machinery that spent more time waiting for repairs than actually churning out pre-rolls. This is a stumble that few cannabis operators can afford in a space with such tight margins, and yet many operators have experienced this exact nightmare scenario, burned by pre-roll automation that sucks instead of rolls. “I just look at some of the machines out there, and there are so many moving parts and everything else,” says Taylor Balduff, owner at Forbidden Farms in Washington.  “Those things have got to be just a maintenance nightmare. I can’t tell you how many companies I work with that have a joint machine that they don’t use because of how often it breaks, and they can’t ever get it to function. It’s a very common thing in this industry.” Bard agrees, describing a lot of the pre-roll machines today as “finicky” with too much downtime.  Manufacturing cannabis pre-rolls isn’t like rolling cigarettes, Bard explains, emphasizing that there’s a whole science behind getting the tobacco as uniform as possible.  “Tobacco is super predictable, whereas in the cannabis space, people are trying to come up with a new strain every day,” Bard says. Even if you’re growing the same strains, the inevitable variances in moisture content and particle size, etc., will still cause issues with machines that are designed to do one thing over and over. “And then, cigarettes come in one format or size, whereas in the cannabis industry, you want to make blunts, one-gram joints, joints with wood, glass, or ceramic tips,” Bard says.  “So, if you’re making 15 different SKUs, which is what customers want, an automated machine becomes more of a headache because you really want to just do one thing and run it as long as possible without changeover.”In essence, you want to find a machine that can do it all with little to no changeover time and minimal downtime. For every ten cannabis operators stuck with a lemon of a pre-roll machine, there is one that has found a machine that does exactly what they need it to. Forbidden Farms is a great example. Balduff reveals that his team is cranking out 300,000 pre-rolls per month and soon plans to double that number. How are they pulling it off? The answer is more straightforward than it might seem. Balduff simply went with the pre-roll automation that has been around longer than any other, refining and improving their machine for more than 10 years: Hefestus. “I would recommend Hefestus to anyone except my competitors,” Balduff jokes. Balduff explains that he’s just bought a second machine from Hefestus, and he’s even rolling for four or five other cannabis brands in the state. Bard is also familiar with Hefestus and quick to recommend their machines. “I think what separates their machines is they’re not overly complicated,” Bard says.  “A lot of the other pre-roll machines that haven’t been around as long are overly engineered and too complex, making it difficult for the average employee to run and maintain it.” There are cheaper options out there, Bard continues, “but Hefestus is definitely our go-to recommendation in terms of capabilities and track record, and by far the best option if you want premium options such as custom tips, shapes, and infusion.” What is this company Hefestus exactly? And what makes their pre-roll technology so good? Getting in touch with them was easy, and they were happy to talk. “For us, it’s all about creating a machine that can roll the perfect joint,” says Shahar Yamay, who runs Hefestus’s cannabis division. Yamay shares videos of their newest machines the AuraX and the AuraOne in action, and it’s hard not to fall in love, from the vibrating tables that create an even pack, to the pneumatic pistons that fold the joints – never twisting. “Our motto is sophistic simplification,” Yamay says, “And we work closely with our clients to ensure minimum downtime and maximum ROI.” Hefestus was actually founded by Yamay’s father in the early ‘90s, specializing in food packaging automation. The company started developing pre-roll automation in 2014 for Israel’s robust medical cannabis program before expanding to Amsterdam, Canada, and the U.S., where they have their second office base. That quest to roll the perfect joint meant countless iterations on their early machines, constantly listening to clients on how to improve and always backing them with 24/7 tech support. “You can’t bullshit cannabis operators,” Yamay says. “They work in a tough space that is constantly changing, and the least we can do is make pre-roll manufacturing easy for them, no matter what kind of pre-rolls they’re producing.”

https://hightimes.com/

Street Renovation Begins in Denmark’s Christiania To Deter Illegal Cannabis Sales, Violence

The residents of Freetown Christiania, located in Copenhagen, Denmark, recently began to physically dismantle a part of its community where hash has been sold illegally for decades. According to recent reports, residents began removing the cobblestones on “Pusher Street” on April 6 to deter violence and illegal cannabis and hash sales. Prior to April 6, residents began to ask for help from volunteers to pull up the cobblestone street. Anyone was welcome to participate, and could take home one cobblestone as a souvenir. Removing cobblestones on Pusher Street was performed as a demonstration of the residents taking back their community and promising to rebuild. In doing this, they will be granted 14.3 million kroner (approximately $1.3 million USD) from the government to fund street renovation. According to AP News, two Christiania children were the first to lift cobblestones from Pusher Street. “For more than 40 years, Christiania and the illegal sale of drugs out here has been a huge thorn in the side of the established society,” said Danish Justice Minister Peter Hummelgaard. “But now we have reached the point where the Christianians have also had enough of the [criminal] gangs.” Copenhagen Mayor Sophie Hæstorp Andersen spoke with Reuters about the historic decision. “Pusher Street has to die in order for Christiania to live,” Andersen said. “The crime scene we have seen here has been so violent… we cannot have a Christiania that is dying out because people don’t dare to be here and where we see the local Christianites being threatened by greedy pushers and dealers.” The future of Pusher Street will include “a new Christiania without the criminal hashish market,” according to a statement from Christiania public housing coordinator Mette Prag, who has called Christiania his home for 37 years. Another resident who has lived in the enclave for 40 years expressed their interest in removing hash from Christiania’s future. “We don’t want the gangsters anymore. There might be some people selling hashish afterward, but it’s not going to be in the open,” said Hulda Mader. Most locals are looking forward to Christiania’s new slate. “To me, Pusher Street is actually the least unique, right? It is what I associate with violence, gangs, murder, threats, and everything which are actually antonyms to what Christiania is,” said resident Mathilde Brandstrup. The government funds will help the community install new water pipes and pavement, while buildings near Pusher Street will also receive renovations. While the overall goal is to transform Christiania into what AP News calls “an integrated part of the Danish capital area,” but will still retail the “free state” spirit that it has long been known for. Christiania was first established in 1971 by hippies who occupied in former army barracks, and Denmark officials have allowed the unique settlement to remain independent, even though illegal cannabis sales in the area became known worldwide to curious tourists. Originally, residents who founded Christiania didn’t obtain permits to build houses, didn’t pay utility bills, and others could only move into the area if they were related to someone who was a resident. Residents received rights to their land in 2011, when the land (about 84 acres) was sold by the state to a foundation owned by Christianians. Now it’s home to 800 adults (25% of whom are over 60 years old) and 200 children. Christiania was the focus of Denmark law enforcement starting in 2004, which led to an increase in police raids. While many residents took down their hash sales booths for a time, they soon returned. However, an increase in violence and gang activity has also concerned both Denmark leaders as well as Christiania residents. In 2021, one individual was shot and killed at the entrance of Pusher Street, followed by another death in 2022 involved a hash seller. Most recently in August 2023, two masked gunmen open fired within a Christiania building, killing one individual and injuring four others. Mayor Andersen spoke out against the event, and asked tourists to avoid the area. “The spiral of violence at Christiania is deeply worrying,” Andersen said. “The hundreds of thousands of visiting tourists and the many new foreign students who have just moved to Copenhagen to stay away and refrain from buying weed or other drugs at Pusher Street.” Adult-use cannabis is illegal in Denmark, although medical cannabis is permitted through a limited pilot program that launched in March 2018. The Danish Parliament’s Health Committee announced in September 2023 that it had destroyed an estimated 320,862 pounds of dried cannabis, all of which came from the medical cannabis program. The government explained that the destroyed product was either “discarded” or “faulty.” The Denmark medical cannabis program produced a total of 4,656 pounds of medical cannabis in 2019, followed by 14,521 pounds in 2020, and 71,502 pounds in 2021.

https://hightimes.com/

Drone Drug Delivery Prison Operation in Georgia Leads to 150 Arrests of Inmates, Dirty Correctional Officers

Prison walls do little when drones can easily deliver drugs and other contraband to prisoners, and the tactic appears at prisons all across the country. Georgia Gov. Brian P. Kemp announced last week that 150 individuals were arrested in a drone drug delivery operation that served inmates in Georgia correctional facilities as law enforcement confiscated 67 pounds of pot and various other drugs. “Operation Skyhawk” was a joint investigative effort between the Georgia Department of Corrections (GDC) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation Safe Streets Gang Task Force. Eight dirty GDC correctional officers who allegedly took part in the operation were also arrested and immediately terminated from their positions. NBC News reports that items that have been confiscated thus far during the operation include a full range of illegal drugs, with a total combined street value of over $7 million. This includes 87 drones, 22 weapons, 273 cell phones (which are banned in the prisons), 180 civilian cell phones, 185 pounds of tobacco, 67 pounds of pot, 12 pounds of meth, 51 pounds of ecstasy, 10 grams of cocaine, and 90 various pills. Photos of the confiscated drugs and weapons, including Wonka-branded products, were also released. Three large vacuum-sealed bags of flower can also be seen in the photos. The governor announced the arrests in a March 28 press release. Search and arrest warrants were served at two locations in the Metro Atlanta area—taking down a “sophisticated, multi-state criminal enterprise that included civilians, inmates, and staff involved in contraband introduction into GDC facilities.” “Georgia will not tolerate those who put our communities at risk by trafficking drugs, weapons, and contraband both in and out of our correctional facilities,” said Kemp. “I want to thank Commissioner Oliver, the hardworking men and women of the GDC, and all law enforcement who worked to shut these operations down and help keep both Georgians and our correctional facilities safe.” “Operation Skyhawk” led to over 1,000 criminal charges stemming from contraband introduction, drug trafficking, and felons in possession of firearms.  The governor also announced that many of the individuals arrested will also be facing Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) charges and Participation in Criminal Gang Activity in multiple venues across the state, resulting in what may be the largest Gang RICO investigation in the state’s history. Law enforcement officers warned that many other states may also be affected by the same criminal enterprise. Drone deliveries in California and Kansas recently led to a total of 10 indictments. The U.S. Attorney’s Office, Eastern District of California posted a press release on Thursday, announcing that four defendants have been indicted in schemes to deliver drugs into prisons via drone. In that case, drones delivered not only weed, but spice/K2 drugs that mimic weed, butane oil, and an assortment of other drugs and contraband items. If convicted of conspiracy charges, the defendants face a maximum statutory penalty of 10 years to life in prison and fines of up to $10 million. If convicted of possession with intent to distribute drugs, the defendants face a statutory penalty of five to 40 years in prison and a fine of up to $5 million. Meanwhile, another team of criminals allegedly used drones to deliver drugs into the U.S. Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas.  Between August 2020 and May 2021, drugs on demand were available, and inmates into the prison yard could order specific drugs. Last September, an Australian woman and two accomplices pleaded guilty in court to using a drone in an attempt to traffic multiple different drugs and a USB stick filled with pornography into a Queensland, Australia prison yard. In that case, 27-year-old Cheyenne Anniki Petryszyn was on parole when a drone containing Buprenorphine strips, methamphetamine, and a USB thumb drive containing pornography was found in an exercise yard where it crash-landed. Prison staff said they found a drone on the ground near a baggie containing 79 strips of Buprenorphine which is a drug used to treat opioid dependence, 0.94 grams of meth, and the USB drive containing an undisclosed amount of pornographic material.  Law enforcement is also using drones to spot cannabis operations—particularly in California. A pilot program involving the use of drones to spot illegal cannabis grow operations took place in 2021 in Nevada County, California. In many areas in California, growers have the challenge of competing with illicit operations amid an epic oversupply problem—driving some operators into the black market.  Also in 2021, a House appropriations committee backed federal efforts to track down illicit grow operations on public lands in California. If issues around cybersecurity and domestic production can be resolved so that drones can be fully trusted, it could become a reality in more areas. 

https://hightimes.com/

Poll Finds Most Weed Consumers Would Vote for Pro-Cannabis Candidate Regardless of Party

A majority of cannabis consumers who are likely to vote in this fall’s general election say they would vote for a pro-cannabis candidate regardless of their party affiliation, according to the results of a recent survey. The poll, which was conducted by the medical marijuana telehealth platform NuggMD, found that 59% of likely voters who use weed would cast their ballot for a pro-cannabis presidential candidate regardless of that candidate’s political party. NuggMD’s 2024 Election Poll surveyed 755 cannabis users about their opinions surrounding the relevance of cannabis reform in the upcoming presidential election. When asked whether a presidential candidate’s endorsement of pro-cannabis policies would increase their likelihood of voting for that candidate, 59% of the respondents selected the reply “Yes, this would make me more likely to vote for that candidate regardless of their party.” Only 14% of respondents said they are already locked into voting for their party or candidate of choice. “This poll shows that adopting pro-cannabis policies can move more constituents into either party’s camp,” Deb Tharp, head of legal and policy research at NuggMD, said in a statement from the company. “This is a large voting population we’re talking about, and its demographics are changing quickly.” The poll showed the Democratic candidate outpacing the GOP frontrunner in the November election among those who use cannabis regularly, a voting block that is approximately 35 million strong nationwide. The poll showed that 43% of respondents planned to vote for President Joseph Biden, while 36% said they intended to vote for Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican nominee. Biden also polled well ahead of a generic Republican candidate, while Trump was roughly tied with a generic Democratic candidate. The Democratic Party also faired better when respondents were asked about cannabis policy in general. A majority of respondents (56%) said the Democrats in elected positions have better ideas for cannabis policy, while only 16% said the same of Republican elected officials Both political parties could be doing a better job of supporting cannabis policy reform, according to the survey. Nearly 40% of the poll’s respondents indicated that they believe Democrats “want to suppress the legal use of cannabis,” while two-thirds (68%) said the same of Republicans. The survey also found that 88% of respondents said understanding cannabis culture is a requirement for writing and passing effective cannabis legislation. However, 73% said elected officials in general currently lack that understanding. Overall, the survey showed that Democratic candidates in the upcoming election have an opportunity to gain votes from the cannabis community by leaning into weed reform, a move that would likely separate them from their GOP opponents. “Respondents say they’re motivated by policy commitments and wins, not by grievance politics, outrage, or red meat,” Tharp explained. “The degree to which this emerging constituency is moveable, and how to move them, will probably come as a surprise to insiders of both parties.” “To me, it signals that Republicans are shooting themselves in the foot by continuing to embrace the platform of prohibition,” she continued. “Democrats should double down on cannabis and expand their voting base by embracing full decriminalization and expungement for victims of targeted, unjust enforcement.” In an email, Tharp pointed to Florida, where the state Supreme Court ruled last week that a weed legalization bid can appear on the November ballot, as “an example of a state where cannabis consumers as a voting bloc could help drive an electoral surprise this November.” “Adult-use legislation is on the November ballot in Florida and needs 60 percent to pass,” she said. “It’s going to be close, and this will motivate turnout among the estimated two million voting-age Floridians who use cannabis every month.”  “Governor Ron DeSantis, Attorney General Ashley Moody, and practically every other Republican elected official in Florida continue to rail against the measure,” she added. “While our poll doesn’t measure whether there’s an electoral punishment associated with loudly and wrongly rejecting common-sense drug policy, it does establish that there is an electoral reward for endorsing pro-cannabis policies, so the opening for Democrats is obvious.” “If Democrats want to win seats, they should use their platform to support legal cannabis,” Tharp concluded. “If Republicans want to keep their seats, then they need to wake up and realize their voting base is sick of seeing people imprisoned over cannabis when there are real issues that need our attention.” NuggMD.com conducted the poll digitally from March 25 to April 3 using a random sample of its first-party data. In total, 53,380 individuals were contacted and 755 completed the survey, resulting in a margin of error of 3.89% at a confidence level of 95%. Six swing states (Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) that could likely decide the outcome of this fall’s election were over-indexed to give the poll more electoral relevance. 

https://hightimes.com/

Study: More Than 9 in 10 Smokable Hemp Products Test Above Federal THC Limit

The lack of standardized third-party testing, and overall regulation, is often cited in reference to the blossoming hemp-derived cannabinoid market. While plenty of consumers will attest to the power behind these products and there are surely plenty of companies doing their due diligence, there is simply less oversight with hemp compared to the legal cannabis industry. For this reason, consumers of some hemp-derived products may find themselves in the midst of a hefty psychoactive experience when they otherwise assume they are using a solely hemp or CBD offering. A new study in the journal Forensic Chemistry sheds more light on the prevalence of THC in products advertised as hemp, which must contain less than 0.3% THC, per the 2018 Farm Bill, in order to be federally legal and considered hemp.  Researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and State University of New York (SUNY) Albany found that an overwhelming majority of smokable hemp products contained more than the aforementioned THC limit in a recent analysis.  This means that these products should actually be considered cannabis, not hemp, and that they are technically illegal on a federal level. The study analyzed 53 smokable hemp products from five commercial manufacturers, though specific products and manufacturers are unnamed. Researchers looked for the presence of a variety of cannabinoids including delta-8 THC, delta-9 THC, THC-A and total delta-9 THC. Researchers took between 10 and 20 grams of each product, used a “small portable Magic Bullet grinder” and four to five pulses “to represent similar procedures forensic laboratories have been using to measure total Δ9-THC in seized cannabis plant samples.” They then utilized a methanol extraction procedure and proceeded to use the LC-PDA method, which separates 11 cannabinoids in less than 10 minutes. “Over 90% of the samples analyzed by NIST were determined to have a total total Δ9-THC mass fraction above 0.3 % even though samples were being marketed as hemp,” researchers write. “Surprisingly, often the associated online documentation reported total Δ9-THC mass fractions of ≥0.3 %.” Approximately 93% of the samples were above the 0.3% federal limit, and nearly half of the online documents provided by product manufacturers differed from the corresponding product labels. When comparing the NIST results to online documentation provided by manufacturers for 22 samples, researchers note that cannabinoid levels “differed by ≈55 % for total Δ9-THC, ≈68 % for THCA, and ≈18 % for Δ9-THC.” Researchers said that it’s possible that the differences were due to testing methods, a lack of consistency in samples leading to unpredictable testing outcomes, variability between batches or storage conditions. Though researchers also note that the differences could simply be due to inaccurate product labels and online documentation. “These studies demonstrate the need for accurate analytical measurements, batch homogeneity measurements, appropriate long-term storage conditions, and updated product information,” authors concluded. “These results also highlight the need for reference materials in the cannabis industry to establish measurement accuracy.” The study comes as states across the country increasingly move to crack down on hemp-derived cannabinoids, with some ushering in more stringent regulation procedures and others moving to simply ban certain hemp-derived cannabinoids and associated products altogether. And this trend of misleading cannabinoid content in hemp products is not an isolated incident. A recent report took a closer look at hemp-derived products sold on Amazon, looking specifically at a group of gummies, tinctures, topicals and mints all marketed as hemp products. The majority of tested products (35 of 56 products, or 62.5%) contained no cannabinoids at all with more than a third (24 of 56 products, or 43%) containing no hemp. Nearly 95% of the products did not provide Certificates of Analysis (COA), typically considered an essential for reputable companies selling hemp products. Notably, the report also confirmed that a whopping 96% of tested products did not advertise an accurate dosage. The next iteration of the Farm Bill is expected later this year, and it’s highly anticipated that it may include provisions to further limit THC amounts in hemp-derived products.

https://hightimes.com/

Lane Moore’s Love for Tinder and Pot Has Led To This

Dating apps have a love/hate relationship with much of the public. Tinder, one of the OG smartphone dating apps, remains heavily used, generating hefty frustration among much of its user base. Comedian, writer, actor, and musician Lane Moore has been there for much of the ride, often guided by an interactive audience.  Moore is the New York City-based creator and host of Tinder Live with Lane Moore, a decade-plus stage show and livestream where she, guest comedians, and the audience swipe right and converse with some of Tinder’s less desirable male profiles. The series has earned scores of praise for its ability to keep audiences laughing by poking fun, taking occasional shots at assholes, and showing that not everyone is as terrible as their Tinder profile may suggest.  After years of not agreeing with the comedian, Moore recently found a way to successfully integrate pot into her life. In doing so, she’s found physical and mental relief, helping spark creativity and other positive outcomes. The comedian’s next plan is to bring her fondness for the plant to the show for the first time with a Tinder Live 420 edition. Moore spoke with High Times to discuss her life, career, Tinder, and how weed now fits into the equation.  Lane Moore has been a fixture in media and entertainment for over a decade. Coming up in the New York City comedy scene, early roles included writing for The Onion. In 2014, she launched Tinder Live with Lane Moore.Soon thereafter, her music began picking up momentum, highlighted by the 2015 breakthrough of the band It Was Romance, with Moore writing, singing, and playing several instruments. She then became the sex and relationships editor at Cosmopolitan. Intending to make the outlet “Super queer, super feminist,” Moore wanted to champion different messages to readers, mostly young women, offering them alternative approaches to life and their bodies. As editor, she led an overhaul at the publication, driving home the importance of LGBTQ inclusivity, earning her a GLAAD Media Award in 2016.  Moore’s mission was championed by a desire to bring alternative ideas to more mainstream media outlets. “Not everybody has access to these alt publications where they can find out about this stuff,” said Moore.  In November 2018, Moore released her first book, How to Be Alone: If You Want To, and Even If You Don’t. The author said the book reflected her struggles with meeting a partner, making the right friends, and other relatable battles with everyday human connection.  Her second book, You Will Find Your People: How to Make Meaningful Friendships as an Adult, was released in April 2023. Moore penned the book because she felt that many adults struggle with this issue, and little has been done to remedy it. “It’s very hard, and nobody talks about it,” she said. A paperback version will be released later this month, on April 25.  One day during Moore’s early comedy days, she saw her two roommates simultaneously swiping away on Tinder, unaware of what the other was up to. The comedian hadn’t used a dating app up to that point, and she was intrigued by the app. Soon, she wanted in on the swiping.  Moore, who had always been interested in meeting people randomly, was intrigued by app-based meetups. She signed up and made a profile. Before getting to action, she set up a camera to record the trio’s reactions.  Soon after, she felt that there was potential for a comedy show. Instead of overthinking the idea, as she admitted to often doing, Moore ran with her roommates’ support. In short order, a live show was born.  “It immediately started selling out, and it was a thing,” she said.  To make the show interactive, profiles are projected for everyone to see, allowing audience members to vote on whether a person should be swiped right or left. Once a match has been made, the comedian will kick off a conversation with the match based on something that stood out to the audience.  Moore said Tinder Live isn’t intended to cut down on all males. Instead, the comedian explained the show aims to highlight certain types, spanning profiles that appear hateful and narrow-minded to questionable content, like a naked, possibly Swedish man with a dead animal in his profile, a visual Moore said she witnessed during one show.  “If a guy’s profile comes up and he seems really wonderful and has a great spirit and he’s hot and kind, we don’t want him on the show,” Moore explained. “I wish him well.” The host emphasizes this mindset to the audience each show by reviewing a short list of rules before swiping.  “It’s supposed to be cathartic,” Moore explained. “Because the first thing I noticed when I signed on was I was like, ‘I bet every person out there feels like everybody else is having a better time on this app.’” Moore added, “They’re not seeing this really hateful shit on there.” While often targeting misogynists, racists, and other seemingly unenjoyable types, the experience can, on rare occasions, show that some profiles aren’t what they seem.  “Sometimes they’ll have their own bits and turn out to be really cool,” Moore said. To avoid looking potentially questionable on a dating app, she recommends getting a second set of eyes to look over profiles, ideally from a different gender. Doing so can provide feedback from a different perspective on possibly unintended images, phrases, and other content choices that could come off as suspect or worse.  Moore reports finding the occasionally good dude among the bunch. “I set people in the audience up with guys that I’ve matched with who were weirdly cool and ran with the joke…I never could have imagined that when I started the show.”  Tinder Live’s popularity has taken Moore across the country. Over the years, the show has featured guests such as comedians David Cross, Jon Glaser, Stephanie March, Jo Firestone, Scott Adsit, and many other notable names. Part of the show’s growing success included Moore expanding into offering dating advice and professional dating profile makeovers through her podcast and Patreon.  After a youth and much of adult life struggling to find her community, Moore feels happy knowing she’s succeeded without sacrificing her authenticity as a self-described weirdo. If she could tell her younger self her life’s journey, Moore feels that, “Her mind would be blown.”  In sticking to who she is, Moore said she found a community of friends and scores of fans who share similar feelings about human connection. “It’s very nice when I hear other people relate to that.” Moore has lived much of her life sober, which can prove troubling during many of life’s adversities. “You’re just kind of like raw dogging all these like really rough things,” she said. Moore only had a few mixed experiences with weed during most of her life, often resulting in bouts of paranoia. A turning point came during the pandemic, leading to a breakthrough after a Baltimore Tinder Live show when a guest handed her three joints.  “I finally was able to get high and not be paranoid,” she said, adding, “I just felt like the freest, lightest version of myself.” When high, Moore reports feeling like a kid with elevated interest levels, particularly for all things she considers strange. She calls this her truest version. After years of not knowing about the plant and how to implement it, Moore said it is now a significant part of her life. Most in her orbit reportedly support Moore’s decision. However, some detractors are bound to pop up on social media. The comedian recalled an Instagram comment saying smoking was bad. She recalled replying, “So is constant, unmitigated stress.” In addition to media endeavors and her show, Moore’s exploring the plant further, showing an interest in strain profiles and events like infused dinners. The growing ganja fondness has culminated in Moore launching her first 420 edition of Tinder Live. Infusing the typical show format with a stoned Moore, the comedian hopes to match with profiles on a similar psychoactive level.  She anticipates being drawn to profiles with bright colors or food. “I get very intense munchies,” said Moore. 

https://hightimes.com/

Democrats Sense Opportunities in Florida With Weed, Abortion on the Ballot

Democratic strategists see opportunities to attract Florida voters to the party’s candidates now that constitutional amendment initiatives to legalize recreational marijuana and guarantee broader abortion rights have qualified for the ballot. The Florida Supreme Court announced on April 1 that Amendment 3 to legalize adult-use cannabis and Amendment 4 to protect abortion rights had fulfilled state requirements and would appear on the ballot for this fall’s presidential general election. If passed, Amendment 3 would legalize cannabis for adults aged 21 and older and allow Florida’s existing licensed medical marijuana retailers to begin serving all adult consumers. Amendment 4 says that “no law shall prohibit, penalize, delay, or restrict abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient’s health, as determined by the patient’s healthcare provider,” with an exception for laws that require parental notification when minors get abortions. If passed, the amendment would effectively nullify a separate Supreme Court ruling issued last week that upheld the state’s 15-week limit on abortion and set the stage for approval of a six-week limit. With 30 electoral votes, both the Republican and Democratic presidential campaigns eye Florida as a significant step on the path to victory in November. Democratic strategists see the addition of Amendment 3 and Amendment 4 to the November ballot as an opportunity to attract young voters, who tend to support abortion rights and cannabis policy reform. “Both abortion and marijuana legalization are highly resonate with young people, which is a key demographic that the president has got to turn out,” Joseph Geevarghese, executive director of the grassroots progressive group Our Revolution, told The Hill.  On Monday, the Biden campaign released a memo indicating it would invest heavily in Trump’s home state of Florida, saying the policies of the former president and the Republican Party are “making Floridians’ lives worse.” Four years ago, Trump won the Sunshine State with 51% of the vote, while Biden took 48% of the vote. Julie Chávez Rodríguez, the campaign manager for Biden’s reelection bid, said that the campaign is running ads in Florida targeting young voters and other demographic groups including Black and Hispanic voters.  “Make no mistake: Florida is not an easy state to win, but it is a winnable one for President Biden, especially given Trump’s weak, cash-strapped campaign, and serious vulnerabilities within his coalition,” she said in the memo. To win the state, the Biden campaign will have to have a strong showing from Democratic-leaning voting blocks including Black voters and young adults. Nikki Fried, chair of the Florida Democratic Party and an ally of the medical cannabis industry while serving as the state’s commissioner of agriculture, said she has already observed increased enthusiasm among young voters since the court rulings last week. “Just based purely on watching social media in the last 24 hours, the youth vote is excited about the opportunity to be voting on cannabis and abortion in November,” she said. Michael Starr Hopkins has experience running Democratic campaigns in Florida, serving as senior advisor for former Congressman Charlie Crist’s unsuccessful bid for governor of the state in 2022. As the country gears up for the November vote, the Democratic strategist sees the views of many Republicans as incompatible with those of most younger voters. “Abortion and marijuana on the ballot could be an electoral earthquake for the youth vote in Florida. The GOP’s anti-choice, anti-cannabis stance isn’t just out of touch, it’s straight out of the stone age,” said Starr Hopkins. “Having these two hot-button issues front and center is going to turbocharge youth turnout, which is never a good thing for Republicans.” Democrats see similarities between the situation developing in Florida this year with the 2023 race in Ohio. The ballot for that election included an initiative to legalize recreational marijuana and an amendment to enshrine the “fundamental right to reproductive freedom” with “reasonable limits” in the Ohio Constitution. Propelled in part by a strong turnout of young voters, both ballot measures passed, handing Republican party leaders two losses in one fell swoop. In Alabama late last month, Democrat Marilyn Lands won a special election for a state House seat after leaning into abortion rights and protecting in vitro fertilization (IVF) as issues for her campaign. Only weeks before, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled that frozen human embryos are legally people, leading to a halt of IVF services in the state, at least temporarily. “Ballot initiatives can be game changing for campaigns. Just last week we saw a Democrat win a state house seat in Alabama focused on IVF, showing the power of the issue in a deep red state,” said Democratic strategist Andrea Riccio, co-founder of Velocity Partners. “With recreational marijuana use and abortion access on the ballot, the Biden campaign has a real opportunity to activate young voters and turn Florida blue.” Currently, Trump has a 0.8 percentage point lead over Biden overall, according to The Hill and Decision Desk HQ’s aggregation of polls. With weed and abortion on the ballot in Florida, however, Democrats believe they can overcome the deficit in the state, securing its 30 electoral votes for Biden. “If the GOP keeps underestimating the power of pissed-off young people, they’re in for a rude awakening at the ballot box. Florida could slip from their grasp as cash-strapped Republicans struggle to counter the surge of energized young voters,” said Starr Hopkins. “It’s a perfect storm that could spell disaster for the GOP’s chances in the Sunshine State.”

https://hightimes.com/

Study: U.S. Medical Cannabis Laws Increase Patient’s Mental Health

Researchers from the University of Basel in Switzerland recently published a study on April 2 to analyze how medical cannabis legalization in the U.S. has affected the country and its patients’ well-being. Entitled “Medical marijuana laws and mental health in the United States,” researchers wanted to determine the effects of medical cannabis policies on patients over time. “The consequences of legal access to medical marijuana for individuals’ well-being are controversially assessed,” researchers wrote. “We contribute to the discussion by evaluating the impact of the introduction of medical marijuana laws across U.S. states on self-reported mental health considering different motives for cannabis consumption.” Researchers analyzed the responses of 7.9 million people who participated in phone surveys between 1993-2018. This information was collected through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which focuses on data collection regarding “mental well-being.” In addition to this, researchers also utilized data collected by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Participants were placed in specific groups, such as those who were “highly likely to abstain from using marijuana, to use marijuana as a recreational drug, or to use it for medical reasons” in order to determine the overall affect of medical cannabis legalization on their mental health. Additionally, researchers took into account the use of cannabis specifically for overall chronic pain. Mental health was measured by asking participants to self-assess themselves by recording how many days they encountered mental health problems during the month prior to the assessment. Ultimately, researchers found that medical cannabis legalization had no effect on either recreational consumers or youth. “We find weak evidence of positive effects on mental health due to the liberalisation of medical marijuana for the U.S. population overall,” researchers wrote in their conclusion. “While the estimated overall reduction in poor mental health days is not statistically significant, the result still implies an absence of evidence for the critical perspectives that highlight the risk of aggravated mental health problems due to MML [medical marijuana laws] introductions.” “Easier access improves the mental health of individuals who use marijuana for medical reasons,” stated a University of Basel press article. “The same applies to people who are very likely to suffer from pain. The study authors estimate that these two groups spend 0.3 days less per month in poor mental health due to the change in the law.” Professor Alois Stutzer summarized these findings in his own statement as well. “Overall, our results show that medical cannabis legislation in the USA benefits the people it is intended for without harming other groups,” Stutzer said. He explained that recreational cannabis consumers aren’t worse off after legalization, either, and ultimately there is “a clear relationship between liberalization and mental well-being.” Both the U.S. and Switzerland both share a federal government structure. While Stutzer calls the most recent study an “experimental article” because it can help pave the way toward more studies that analyze Switzerland’s future cannabis industry. The most recent study only extended to data collected prior to 2018, so it would be interesting to see a future study analyze even more recent data that accompanies the many other states that have legalized medical and/or adult-use cannabis within the past five years. Switzerland has been conducting isolated cannabis pilot programs to analyze consumer trends, sales patterns, and more. Recently at the end of March, the first data connected to one of these programs was released. The ZüriCan study includes 1,928 people who have been approved to purchase cannabis for the study (a total of 2,100 individuals can participate). The newest data shared that of current participants, 80.7% are men, 18% are women, and 1% are nonbinary people. The demographic disparity was not a surprise, however, as researchers expected there to be a vast difference in gender-related consumers. Additionally, researchers found that participants between the ages of 28-32 represented the highest percentage among all age groups (the average age of consumers is currently 35 years old). “Participation in the study seems to be particularly attractive for people who consume frequently,” researchers wrote. “However, people who only use cannabis a few times a month also take part in the study. This will allow us to compare people with different consumption habits in our study.” The program data also showed that 6,500 sales have been made so far, with approximately 309 pounds of cannabis sold (individual packs were available only in five gram amounts). Tobias Viegener, the head of marketing Cannavigia, a company that is working directly with the Swiss Federal Office on Public Health, told Forbes about the significance of this early data. “The initial data from the ‘ZüriCan’ pilot, published this month, reveals promising insights into the regulated cannabis market’s functionality and its acceptance among participants,” Viegener said. “This level of engagement indicates a positive reception and an effective distribution system, setting a solid foundation for informing future cannabis policy and regulation.”

https://hightimes.com/

Reel Empathy: Quincy Isaiah’s On-Screen Sojourn Through the Grassland 

In the quiet of his childhood bedroom in Muskegon, a rugged port town situated on the western banks of Lake Michigan, Quincy Isaiah reflects on a path once imagined but starkly different from the reality he now embraces.    Isaiah’s thoughtful journey takes him from the drafting table to the stage as he sets aside his original dream of becoming an architect to pursue a career in acting. Through compelling performances, he outlines a challenging societal framework. He becomes a powerful voice for change, using his platform to inspire audiences and spark meaningful conversations about the issues that shape our world. Known for his portrayal of basketball Hall of Famer Magic Johnson in Winning Time: The Rise of the Lakers Dynasty, an American sports drama television series, Isaiah has carved a niche for himself not just in roles that demand physicality and charisma but in those that require a deep dive into the human condition.    His passion fills the frame of characters and storylines, giving them depth, texture, and a palpable sense of humanity. Through his work, Isaiah invites audiences closer to the expression of human experience, drawing them into narratives that entertain, enlighten, and inspire empathy.    Grassland is Isaiah’s latest film. It is a poignant examination of the criminal justice system’s inequities through the lens of minor marijuana offenses and their disproportionate impact on Black and brown communities. The film explores the complexities of systemic failure yet is imbued with Isaiah’s own personal resonance.   Grassland isn’t just another project. It is the basis for a movement rooted in a deep understanding of the societal injustices that can’t be captured in isolated personal experiences with cannabis.    Here, Isaiah finds the role of Brandon—a figure emblematic of resilience, navigating the turbulent waters of systemic biases, yet rarely granted the depth of character Isaiah brings to life on screen through this character. This commitment to authenticity transforms Brandon from a mere statistic to a fully realized individual whose struggles reflect the collective experiences of many caught in the gears of an unforgiving system.   In a thought-provoking scene, Isaiah’s character faces a moral dilemma when his Latina co-star Sophia, portrayed by Mía Maestro, desperately seeks his assistance. Maestro plays a single mother running an illegal marijuana business, now threatened by a new neighbor’s presence. Acknowledging Brandon’s utility and connection to her young, Black customer base, she pleads with him to help sustain operations by doing marijuana drops.   Brandon, however, refuses, acutely aware of the grave consequences he could face, despite how his concession could help her catch up on two months of late rent and continue to care for her young son.   The scene delivers a crushing blow when Brandon receives a phone call denying him a job he had applied for and eagerly awaited because he’d previously stolen groceries as a way to survive. This moment serves as a powerful commentary on the irony and injustice faced by individuals like Brandon, who have reentered society after incarceration. Despite their efforts to rebuild their lives and secure legitimate employment, they often find themselves considered unemployable, perpetuating a vicious cycle that hinders their rehabilitation and reintegration.   Isaiah’s connection to the role is further deepened by his background, with his parents working within the prison industrial complex. This proximity to the system and the actor’s engagement with formerly incarcerated individuals during the filming of “Grassland” lends a visceral authenticity to the project. It’s a narrative that transcends the boundaries of film, offering a lens through which to view issues plaguing our society—a lens shaped by Isaiah’s own experiences and observations.   The collaboration with Shinola for a 4/20 watch goes beyond the scope of a simple marketing partnership. It symbolizes a shared commitment to de-stigmatizing the cannabis industry and advocating for systemic change. This initiative, born from an organic connection between Isaiah and the Detroit-based brand, underscores mutual empathy, activism, and community engagement. It’s a partnership that reflects an alignment in values and a collective effort to foster understanding and compassion toward those labeled by society.   As High Time Magazine delves into this dialogue with Quincy Isaiah, the narrative that unfolds is one of transformation and advocacy. Isaiah showcases his considerable talent through Grassland and his work with Shinola. He positions himself as a spokesperson for the silenced and a catalyst for change. It’s a call to shift perspectives, embrace empathy, and recognize humanity in those too often marginalized by society.    His collaboration with Shinola, through the artistry of a 4/20-themed watch design, introduces a unique medium of expression into this dialogue. The Limited Edition Grassland Runwell, hand-assembled in Shinola’s Detroit factory, features the brand’s bespoke Argonite 1069 movement. The timepiece dons a mellow, matte velvet green dial with a green C5 lume illuminated number 4 and a leaf at thirty seconds. Its olive leather strap with glow-in-the-dark stitching complements the watch, which comes rolled in a custom hemp sleeve as a tribute to the worthy cause of decriminalizing cannabis.   This partnership underscores the brand’s artistic contribution to an ongoing societal conversation, contributing to the discourse on cannabis and its cultural perceptions. Through this collaboration, Isaiah doesn’t merely advocate for a shift in societal views; he actively partakes in crafting a narrative that bridges art, awareness, and the quest for a deeper understanding within society. He shares a vision for a more empathetic society—and actively contributes to its realization by embodying the principles of understanding and the compassion for which he advocates. 

https://hightimes.com/

Cognitive Decline Not Associated With Occasional Adolescent Cannabis Use

It’s widely accepted that cannabis use in adolescence, while the brain is still developing, can lead to adverse effects. Of course, studies on cannabis as a whole are still catching up, and there are an abundance of gaps that researchers are still attempting to fill in. A recent investigation, published in the journal Psychopharmacology and performed by Portuguese researchers, attempts to close some of the gaps regarding adolescent cannabis use, looking specifically at the occasional use of cannabis among adolescent subjects. The research ultimately confirmed that subjects who occasionally used cannabis exhibited no significant changes in cognitive functioning compared to their non-cannabis-using peers. Researchers begin by breaking down some of the current barriers in cannabis research, specifically how cannabis interacts with our brains. Looking at the psychological, neurocognitive and brain changes during adolescence, researchers note that the adolescent changes in the endocannabinoid system, and its role with stress and anxiety regulation, “put adolescents at increased risk for emotional and anxiety disorders.” Still, they recognize further investigations employing longitudinal research designs are needed to address inconsistent findings in literature. “Most adolescents engage in infrequent cannabis use, with non-disordered cannabis use being four times more prevalent than instances of Cannabis Use Disorder,” authors note. “As such, it is important to examine the neurocognitive and psychological outcomes among adolescents who escalate to heavier cannabis consumption as well as those who do not.” Researchers utilized archival data from a large longitudinal cohort from the IMAGEN study, with participants mostly characterized by a low-to-moderate frequency of cannabis use. The study focused on whether preexisting differences in reward-related brain activity, psychopathology and cognitive functioning predict cannabis use initiation, if cannabis use leads to impairment of these levels of functioning and, if so, if the disrupted levels of functioning recover with abstinence. The dataset recruited participants at eight sites in England, Ireland, France and Germany. Participants were an average of 14 years old at the baseline measurement, 19 at the first follow-up and 22 at the second follow-up. Participants had to report no or low risk of alcohol use and nicotine dependence at the baseline.  Those who had used a specific illicit substance more than twice during their lifetime or more than eight total uses of any illicit substances in their lifetime were excluded from the set, resulting in 1,946 eligible participants. At each timepoint, participants completed a number of questionnaires to measure substance use, psychopathy and cognition. Researchers also used the Puberty Development Scale and a scale assessing family stresses on participants. Participants completed a cognitive task where they were asked to respond as quickly as possible to targets by pressing a button. Participants could win two, 10 or no points depending on their results, and they were informed they would receive a candy for every five points they earned. Researchers focused on brain responses during gain anticipation and reward feedback for successful and unsuccessful trials. They also performed statistical analyses to address if baseline characteristics predicted later cannabis use, matching those using cannabis at the first followup with non-users in four logistic regression analyses. Looking at the first question surrounding baseline predictors of cannabis use initiation at age 19, those participants with higher conduct problems scores and lower peer problems scores at age 14 were associated with a greater likelihood of using cannabis at 19. However, neither reward anticipation nor feedback processing predicted cannabis use at 19 years old. When comparing participants who used cannabis to non-users, researchers noted that the cannabis-using group had higher scores at 14 and 19, along with higher hyperactivity/inattention scores at 19, but no statistically significant differences in cognitive function, psychopathology or brain activity. “We did not find evidence of cognitive impairment in light CAN (cannabis users) neither before nor after cannabis use onset,” researchers state. “Indeed, it is suggested that despite the broad association that may exist between adolescent cannabis use and neurocognitive impairment, these effects appear to be minor and may not be clinically significant” At 22, persistent cannabis use exhibited “significantly higher” conduct problems compared to the control group, but “due to the absence of significant differences in cognitive functioning and brain activity, we did not test the hypothesis concerning recovery with abstinence,” researchers note. Authors note that a larger sample study could help to generate more robust statistical analyses and findings. They also state that a greater representation of heavy cannabis users would increase the generalization of findings, “even though the cannabis use patterns of our sample are comparable to those of previous works that have also found no group differences in reward-related brain activity.”  Researchers underscore that these findings may only reflect the effects experienced by low-frequency cannabis users, not heavy users or those with cannabis use disorder. “The current study’s design allowed an examination of potential preexisting differences in brain activity, cognitive functioning, and psychological symptoms in a developmental sample of adolescents who would engage in light cannabis use in the future,” authors conclude.  “We found no evidence of preexisting individual differences in reward processing or specific cognitive domains,” they continue. “However, cannabis-naïve adolescents with conduct problems and who were more socially engaged with their peers seem to be at a higher risk of taking part in persistent cannabis use in the future. Additionally, using cannabis during adolescence may result in the development of hyperactivity and inattention symptoms.”

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