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Hemp News, Laws & Product Updates

A curated news hub focused on hemp regulation and policy changes, cannabinoids (CBD/Delta-8/Delta-9/hemp-derived THC), lab testing and COAs, product safety, brands, and industry trends.

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https://hightimes.com/

Majority of Florida Voters Support Cannabis Legalization, Not Enough To Pass Measure

The campaign to legalize cannabis in Florida is alive and well, as the state’s Supreme Court ruled earlier this month that voters will be able to decide the next chapter of cannabis reform on this year’s November ballot. With an already bustling medical market, Florida’s potential move into the recreational cannabis space has been highly anticipated since the Sunshine State first moved to introduce medical reform in 2016. Cannabis businesses also have a hefty investment in the reform measure, with Trulieve contributing more than $40 million to the campaign, alongside an additional several million dollars from a handful of other medical cannabis treatment centers. While the momentum ahead of Election Day feels significant, it’s possible that there may not be enough support to pass the measure under the state Constitution — at least when it comes to the results of a new poll. In Florida, measures must gain 60% support in order to pass. A new USA Today/Ipsos survey suggests that a majority of registered Florida voters, 56%, support the measure — along with 49% of Florida adults overall. Forty percent said that they would vote against it, and just 4% said that they were unsure. Democrats and independents were most supportive of the measure (69% and 63%, respectively), while 39% of registered Republican voters  said they would vote in favor of the measure. The survey also found that support varied by region, with those in central Florida more likely to say they are in favor of recreational cannabis legalization than those in north or south Florida (54%, 49% and 38%, respectively). While there are no differences in self-reported plans to vote for recreational cannabis legalization by gender or age, white Floridians were more likely than Hispanic Floridians to say they would vote in favor of recreational cannabis legalization later this year (55% vs. 32%, respectively). The poll was conducted April 5-7 and included 369 Republicans, 264 Democrats and 316 independents. The poll is notable as the first to come out following the Florida Supreme Court’s decision to clear the measure for the ballot and reject the state attorney general’s constitutional challenge. It’s also the most recent survey among a slew of similar recent efforts to gauge Floridian support of recreational cannabis, with varying results. A November 2023 poll from the University of North Florida found that 67% of respondents said they would vote yes on a constitutional amendment to allow adults in Florida to purchase and possess small amounts of cannabis for personal use. It also notes that 70% of respondents supported recreational cannabis in Florida as of Spring 2023 along with 76% showing support in Spring 2022. The most recent poll notably gave respondents the specifics of the proposed amendment, rather than simply asking if respondents supported or opposed legalization of recreational cannabis. The measure, Amendment 3, would allow those over the age of 21 to possess up to three ounces of cannabis and five grams of cannabis concentrates. It would also allow existing medical cannabis dispensaries authorization to sell cannabis for adult use. The initiative is sponsored by Smart and Safe Florida. The poll results represent some of the gaps Smart and Safe Florida must close to see legal recreational cannabis in Florida as the organization enters its next phase of outreach and education. That said, Florida voters approved legal medical cannabis in 2016 with a vote of 71% to 29%. With more than six months until Election Day, it’s anyone’s guess how the cards will ultimately  fall.

https://hightimes.com/

Illinois Lawmakers Seek Ban on Intoxicating Hemp Products

Illinois lawmakers last week joined representatives of the licensed cannabis industry to call for a ban on intoxicating hemp products including delta-8 THC. Under one proposal, non-intoxicating hemp products would be regulated with rules for licensing hemp businesses and the testing and labeling of hemp products. Synthetically produced hemp products such as delta-8 THC, however, would be banned by the legislation. The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp agriculture and hemp products, ending the prohibition of the crop that had been in place for decades. However, the legislation failed to regulate hemp cannabinoids, leading to a proliferation of intoxicating hemp products such as delta-8. As a result, intoxicating hemp products are widely sold at unregulated outlets such as convenience stores, gas stations and smoke shops, often without any age restrictions or regulatory oversight. State Representative Eva-Dina Delgado, the mother of a teen, said at a press conference on Thursday that young people are buying intoxicating hemp products from local and call the use of them “greening out.” “It scares me to my core to think about young people putting that in their bodies and we just have no idea what’s in it,” she said. Many states have been implementing legislation to regulate hemp products, with some calling for a ban on delta-8 and similar intoxicating cannabinoids. At a press conference at the Illinois Capitol in Springfield on Thursday, lawmakers, regulators and owners of licensed cannabis businesses unveiled a proposal to regulate hemp products. Under the proposal, Senate Bill 3926, hemp products such as CBD could be produced by licensed businesses complying with testing and labeling requirements. Synthetically produced cannabinoids such as delta-8 would be banned. “The goal of this legislation is to empower consumers ensuring that they know exactly what they’re consuming and what they are,” Tiffany Chappell Ingram, the executive director of the Cannabis Business Association of Illinois, said at last week’s press conference. “We also want to protect the public health and maintain the integrity of our state’s long-fought-for legal cannabis industry, which is undermined by these unregulated products.” A table at the news conference was filled with delta-8 products including candy and snacks purchased at unregulated outlets that proponents of the bill say pose a danger to young people. Many of the products were designed to imitate popular brands, including one bag of corn chips labeled “Fritos” which had small cannabis leaves on the products. “Without regulation, we have no idea what is really in these products,” Joseph Friedman, the former CEO of the former cannabis dispensary PDI Medical, said during Thursday’s press conference. “That should be concerning to us all, especially since some of these intoxicating products are chemically modified, and widely available to young folks, teenagers and kids.” The legislation includes provisions to penalize those who violate its hemp regulations. A first offense would be subject to a fine of $1,000, while a second offense within three years would carry a fine of $5,000. Subsequent violations of the legislation within three years would be assessed a fine of $10,000. Ron Miller, a co-owner of his family-run licensed cannabis businesses Navada Labs and BLYSS Dispensary, said that allowing unregulated intoxicating hemp products amounts to unfair competition for the regulated marijuana industry. “It is deeply disheartening and, frankly, a betrayal by the state to allow these shops to pop up and call themselves dispensaries,” Miller said at the news conference on Thursday, according to a report from Capitol News Illinois. State Senator Celina Villanueva warned about the potential impact on Illinois residents if the state does not adopt regulations to govern hemp products. “Without proper oversight, consumers are left vulnerable to a myriad of risks from unknowingly consuming products with inaccurate THC levels to encountering harmful contaminants,” Villanueva said. “The absence of regulation leaves too much to chance.”  After last week’s press conference, those opposed to the legislation argued their case. Charles Wu, a co-founder of Chi’Tiva, a business with hemp stores in the Illinois cities of Chicago and Worth, said the proposed ban was a “money play” to eliminate competition. “We want to operate responsibly and on a level playing field,” Wu told the Chicago Tribune. “This would put us out of business.” State Representative La Shawn Ford has introduced alternative legislation that would allow the sale of intoxicating hemp products. However, the bill requires such products to be tested, labeled and taxed. Banning intoxicating hemp products, the lawmaker said, only creates an unregulated market for them. “This is so strange and hypocritical,” Ford said. “Just because you ban a product doesn’t mean it’s going away. We need to tax and regulate it.” Senate Bill 3926 was introduced on April 10 and has been referred to the Senate Assignments Committee. Ford’s bill was assigned to the House Rules Committee in October.

https://hightimes.com/

March Marks New High for Cannabis Sales in Michigan

The newest set of data released by the Michigan Cannabis Regulatory Agency (CRA) shows that the state has once again set a new record for adult-use cannabis sales. According to the CRA, the state collected $286.8 million in adult-use cannabis sales in March, which made up for 99% of all sales. In terms of product popularity, flower still reigns supreme with $131.4 million in sales. A total of $54.4 million was sold in vape cartridges, as well as $33.9 million in inhalable concentrates, and finally edibles at $26.3 million. The CRA splits Michigan up into five distinct regions: upper lower/upper peninsula (the region at the top of the state sandwiched between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and also the northern portion of land that borders Canada), mid lower (sometimes referred to as Central Michigan), southwest (containing cities such as Kalamazoo and Lansing), east/southeast (which includes cities such as Ann Arbor but spans all of eastern Michigan with the exclusion of the Detroit area), and Wayne (i.e. Wayne County, which mainly covers Detroit). Among these regions, the east/southeast region collected the most in total adult-use cannabis sales with $128,929,767, followed by $79,432,048 in the southwest region, $31,845,920 in Wayne, $29,373,053 in upper lower/upper peninsula, and lastly, $17,209,468 in the mid lower area. In total medical cannabis sales, the southwest area led with $141,535, followed by Wayne with $945,992, east/southeast with $809,515, upper lower/upper peninsula with $81,273, and finally mid lower with $79,695. The state has 785 licensed retailers operating, in addition to 260 processors, eight Class A cultivators, 112 Class B cultivators, and 845 Class C cultivators. Despite record-breaking adult-use sales, medical cannabis continues to decline, and the state only collected $2.1 million sold at 213 provisioning centers. As of March 2024, Michigan has a total of 107,040 medical cannabis cardholders, 8,302 caregivers, and 191 physicians in total. The state received and approved 2,636 initial applications for medical cannabis cards, alongside 1,158 approved renewals. Out of the 27 medical conditions approved to be treated with medical cannabis, the highest percentage by far is chronic pain, which affects 62.95% of all approved patients. Other significant percentages above one percent includes patients who suffer from severe and chronic pain (48.82%), arthritis (21.98%), post-traumatic stress disorder (8.32%), muscle spasms (6.83%), severe nausea (5.99%), cancer (2.83%), inflammatory bowel disease (1.33%), and glaucoma (1.13%). The CRA also reported that the Marijuana and Tobacco Investigation Section (MTIS), along with the Michigan State Police, worked together to conduct 37 seizures of illegal cannabis products. This resulted in the “confiscation of 14,929 plants, 11,165 pounds of flower, and 3,133 units of marijuana product.” The most recent record in Michigan’s March 2024 sales topples the previous record set in December 2023. Tallied numbers for the entirety of 2023 show that the state surpassed $3 billion. At the end of February, the Michigan Department of Treasury announced how adult-use cannabis tax revenue funds will be granted through its Marihuana Regulation Fund. The money was acquired with taxes from the state’s 737 licensees during FY 2023, with a total of $290.3 million. “This week, many Michigan municipalities and counties will begin seeing their share of adult-use marijuana payments appear in their banking accounts,” said State Treasurer Rachael Eubanks. “Through a partnership, the dollars received from the adult-use marijuana taxes and fees are distributed to our participating communities. These dollars may be spent how our local units deem fit to their needs.” The agency stated that 269 of the state’s municipalities would be receiving a portion of $87 million (approximately $59,000 for every licensed retail store or microbusiness in its jurisdiction), while $101.6 million would be granted toward education and an additional $101.6 toward transportation. “The tax funding for municipalities and counties that comes from the marijuana excise tax is a very important benefit of the legal cannabis industry in Michigan,” CRA Executive Director Brian Hanna said. “The CRA is committed to doing our part in supporting our licensees so that they can continue to grow the local economy throughout the state with good-paying jobs and increased revenues for local government budgets.” Michigan wasn’t the only state to break a few records last year. Connecticut’s monthly cannabis sales increased every month through December for a total of $274 million since sales began in January 2023. Maryland also saw an increase month-to-month in 2023 as well. Adult-use cannabis in Illinois just passed the four-year mark, and 2023 was a particularly strong year for the state’s sales. The Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation stated that total sales amounted to $1.2 billion last year, with 42 million items sold, which is a 15% increase from numbers in 2022 according to CBS News. “The legalization of adult use cannabis was the start of uplifting the communities most impacted by the failed war on drugs,” Lt. Governor Juliana Stratton said last year. “The benefits from these sales will be used to continue investing in our economic growth in historically disinvested populations.”

https://hightimes.com/

Psychedelics Offer Long-Term Improvement in Sexual Functioning, Enjoyment

Plenty of readers already know that the ego-busting effects of a good trip can also positively impact your sex life, and now there’s more science backing up the use of psychedelics for sexual dysfunction. A recent study featured in Scientific Reports has shed light on the potential benefits of psychedelics, such as magic mushrooms and LSD, for enhancing sexual function, PsyPost reports. The research shows that participants found multifaceted improvements in their sexual well-being that persisted for several weeks after their experiences. This suggests that these substances not only can be fun during the trip (although note that not everyone likes to have sex while tripping) but may provide sustained benefits far beyond their immediate psychoactive effects. Before we move on to how psychedelics enhance sex lives, let’s recall how they can improve depression. Because the two are related. As the National Institutes of Health report, psychedelics, such as psilocybin and MDMA, have demonstrated potential as effective treatments for mental health conditions such as treatment-resistant depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. It’s thought that they work by facilitating the formation of new neural connections in the brain in a pretty awesome process of brain healing itself known as plasticity. This is notable because traditional antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac and Zoloft, can come with sexual dysfunction as a side effect. While SSRIs work for some folks, and it’s never really cool to hate on one person’s medicine, as the New York Times reports, the longer-term efficacy of such drugs is a little hazy, and for some people, they don’t seem to help much with depression at all. Couple that with the fact that sexual dysfunction caused by these meds can lead to a worsening of depression symptoms, as having your libido and intimate life messed with can be pretty depressing, and it’s clear why researchers are not only looking into psychedelics to treat depression but to help with sexual dysfunction. A team from Imperial College London looked at how psychedelics can affect sexual satisfaction by gathering participants who were already planning on taking psychedelics, either in a private setting or as part of a formal psychedelic ceremony. This included classical psychedelics such as LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, DMT, and San Pedro cactus.  The participants filled out questionnaires one week prior to their psychedelic experience to create a baseline), and then again at four weeks and six months after the experience. The study included a total of 261 adults, primarily from the United States.  Perhaps one of the coolest takeaways, joining the sacred and the profane, is that those in the study cited the spirituality of the experience as a major reason why sex became better. Spiritual experiences can heighten intimacy, make one feel more comfortable in their own body, more aware of the beauty of human experiences such as sex, and so forth.  While the results contain cool and notable outcomes, keep in mind that the researchers note that there could be some bias in the participant selection. Those who took part in the study and made their own plans to enjoy psychedelics likely already have a favorable view of them, and such positive thinking could also improve favorable effects on sexuality.  While that’s not a bad thing, to get a clearer viewpoint of just how psychedelics affect sex comparatively, the researchers also examined data from 59 people participating in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. This trial assessed the effects of psilocybin therapy in comparison to escitalopram, a widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) you’ve probably heard of under the brand name Lexapro. In contrast to the control group treated with escitalopram, which saw their sexual satisfaction go down while rates of sexual dysfunction went up, which is, of course, less than ideal, the people who got psilocybin therapy showed significant enhancements. The psilocybin group reported marked improvements in “sexual interest, arousal, activity, and overall satisfaction” without anxiety around sexual disruptions that can come with SSRIs.  As Tommaso Barba, a PhD student based at the Centre for Psychedelic Research at Imperial College London and first author of the study said, per PsyPost: “We believe this is the first scientific study to explore the effects of psychedelics on sexual functioning. Our findings suggest potential implications for conditions that negatively affect sexual health, including clinical depression and anxiety. This is particularly significant given that sexual dysfunction, often induced by antidepressants, frequently results in people stopping these medications and subsequently relapsing.”  So, basically, not only could psychedelics treat depression and make sex better, but opting for them over SSRIs could help folks continue to take their meds. Of course, the only (massive) issue still standing in the way is that psychedelics remain illegal on a federal level and can be tricky for people to access, but readers can hope that such science is leading us closer to a day when these medicines are available for all. 

https://hightimes.com/

Is Your Tesla Self-Driving Car Narcing You Out?

A reel posted April 10 on Instagram went viral, warning Tesla drivers that security camera video footage—even when the car is off—can be used against you in the court of law as proof of wrongdoing, with or without a subpoena.  The reel was posted by attorney Nicky Blu from The Ramcharitar Law Firm, who has successfully represented over 500 clients across different areas of law including criminal law, family law, immigration law, and personal injury cases. Blu’s video claims that the New York City Police Department (NYPD) is working with Tesla, based on a specific case he’s involved with, and details such as names and dates can’t be disclosed. “Tesla is working in cooperation with NYPD, giving them full recordings from all cameras of alleged crimes.” The purpose of the video is to warn Tesla drivers about the privacy risks that are associated with the self-driving electric vehicle. “Tesla is spying on you and getting you arrested…” the IG reel reads. “And guess who they are allowing to obtain all footage from all of their cars for any suspicion of a crime […] ?!? .. NYPD and all other law enforcement. All this without even a subpoena!!” “Tesla camera’s record even when the car is off” This is a problem folks! This means any crime committed around a Tesla, the video footage will be given by Tesla to be used against you as proof of a crime!” Generally speaking, a judicial order or subpoena would be required to turn over data in criminal cases, and companies like Apple and Google put up a hard fight, prioritizing user privacy. But this attorney says Tesla is not putting up a fight with law enforcement and the company is fully compliant, handing over data freely. In February 2023, The Dutch Data Protection Authority (DPA) carried out an investigation over concerns that Tesla vehicles could be violating privacy laws with its security camera feature. “Many Teslas parked on the street were often filming everyone who came near the vehicle,” the DPA wrote, but Tesla updated its onboard camera capabilities and the DPA didn’t end up fining the electric car maker. A main focus of privacy concerns surround Tesla’s own “Sentry Mode” feature—a perk that allows drivers to view cam footage from their cars even when they’re not in use. “To protect your privacy, Sentry Mode recordings are not transmitted to us. For 2018 and newer model year vehicles (with software version 2020.48.5 or newer), recordings are saved to onboard memory and can be viewed directly from the vehicle’s touchscreen,” Tesla states. “Sentry Mode can also operate in a similar manner without a USB drive installed, with the ability to send an alert to your phone if a threat is detected—however, recordings of the event will not be available.” In April 2023, Reuters reported that between 2019 and 2022, groups of Tesla employees privately shared via an internal messaging system, sometimes highly invasive videos and images recorded by customers’ car cameras. “We could see inside people’s garages and their private properties,” a former employee told Reuters. “Let’s say that a Tesla customer had something in their garage that was distinctive, you know, people would post those kinds of things.” Merely connecting the car to a cell tower provides loads of location history via cell tower pings which are routinely subpoenaed from the wireless carrier in any criminal investigation. And while Tesla does provide a provision to opt out of such data collections, drivers will also lose functionality, the company notes. “Tesla vehicles make use of a camera suite that provides advanced features such as Autopilot, Smart Summon, and Autopark,” Tesla’s data and privacy policy reads. “This camera functionality has been designed from the ground up to protect your privacy. Tesla does not continuously collect personally identifiable camera recordings and in fact, most processing takes place without ever leaving the vehicle. In order for camera recordings to be shared with Tesla, your consent is required and can be controlled through the vehicle’s touchscreen at any time (Software > Data Sharing). Even if you choose to opt-in, camera recordings remain anonymous and are not linked to you or your car, unless we receive the recording as a result of a safety event (such as a vehicle collision or airbag deployment). In such an event, the applicable recordings may be provided as part of your data request. You may also refer to the Owner’s Manual for your vehicle for more information on how you can record or retrieve recordings from your car.’ Last year in April 2023, The NYPD launched a test flight of nearly 200 electric cars in an effort to reduce the city’s carbon footprint. The department hopes to go electric in all of its 30,000 vehicles by 2035. If you live in New York City, you’re probably already being watched on the street. The NYPD has the ability to track people in Manhattan, Brooklyn and the Bronx by running images from 15,280 surveillance cameras into invasive and discriminatory facial recognition software, Amnesty International claims in their report.

https://hightimes.com/

California Task Force Seized $53 Million in Illegal Cannabis in Q1 2024

The California Department of Cannabis Control (DCC) recently published an announcement regarding recent cannabis taskforce seizures. As of April 11, the Unified Cannabis Enforcement Taskforce (UCETF) seized over $53,620,600 in illegal cannabis during the first quarter of 2024 (spanning between January 1, 2024-March 31, 2024). Law enforcement seized 331,866 pounds of unlicensed cannabis product, destroyed 54,137 cannabis plants, and seized $34,858 in total cash, in addition to confiscating 11 firearms and arresting four people. California Gov. Gavin Newsom released a press statement regarding the Q1 seizures. “California is home to the largest legal cannabis market in the world,” said Newsom. “As we continue to cultivate a legal marketplace, we’re taking aggressive action to crack down on those still operating in the shadows—shutting down illegal operations linked to organized crime, human trafficking, and the proliferation of illegal products that harm the environment and public health.” UCETF acting chief, Nathaniel Arnold, praised the agency for continuing to provide results as it tackles the state’s illegal cannabis industry. “UCETF continues to strengthen its momentum by focusing on priority targets and strategically removing operations having a significant impact on the illegal cannabis supply chain,” Arnold said. “We are utilizing all the available resources from our partner agencies and are committed more than ever to providing public safety, protecting the environment, and helping the regulated market succeed and thrive.” The DCC’s Law Enforcement Division Chief Bill Jones noted that UCETF’s success so far has been a group effort between numerous agencies. “A key to UCETF’s success is a collaborative approach relying on intelligence gathering, targeted investigations and leveraging the expertise of our members,” Jones said. “The Taskforce continues to play a crucial role in protecting the legal cannabis market while eliminating the often-dangerous activities associated with unlicensed cannabis operations.” The UCETF works with the following agencies to investigate and act on illegal activity: “Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, Department of Cannabis Control, Employment Development Department, Department of Fish and Wildlife, California National Guard Counter Drug Task Force, California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, California State Parks, and the Department of Tax and Fee Administration,” with the addition of other “federal and local partners.” Eighteen search warrants were conducted in Q1 2024, including two in Alameda County, one in Fresno County, five in Kern County, one in Los Angeles County, two in Riverside County, one in San Joaquin County, and six in Orange County. The UCETF was created by Newsom in October 2022, and since then it has seized $371,199,431 in unlicensed cannabis product from a total of 236 warrants. Within the first month of operation, UCETF conducted 13 search warrants in Los Angeles. It eradicated 7,503 plants and 936 pounds of cannabis flower over the course of two days. After that initial announcement, UCETF released numbers by quarter, as seen below. Q4 2022 Warrants Served: 30 Cannabis Seized: 19,401 pounds Plants Eradicated: 29,687 Retail Value Seized: $32,012,854.50 Q1 2023 Warrants Served: 21 Cannabis Seized: 31,912 pounds Plants Eradicated: 52,529 Retail Value Seized: $52,644,020.50 Q2 2023 Warrants Served: 92 Cannabis Seized: 66,315 pounds Plants Eradicated: 120,970 Retail Value Seized: $109,277,688 Q3 2023 Warrants Served: 60 Cannabis Seized: 61,415 pounds Plants Eradicated: 98,054 Retail Value Seized: $101,349,657 Q4 2023  Warrants Served: 24 Cannabis Seized: 13,393 pounds Plants Eradicated: 20,320 Retail Value Seized: $22,294,571 Q1 2024  Warrants Served: 18 Cannabis Seized: 31,866 pounds Plants Eradicated: 54,858 Retail Value Seized: $53,620,600 UCETF Totals So Far (Q4 2022-Q1 2024) Warrants Served: 236 Cannabis Seized: ~234,588 pounds Plants Eradicated: 401,458 Retail Value Seized: $371,199,431 So far, the UCETF’s seizures peaked in Q2 2023, and have since been reduced significantly. The DCC did not address what the reason might be for the reduction in warrants and plant/product seizures overall. Regardless, the DCC is committed to its efforts to protect the legal cannabis industry. “California is effectively decreasing the illegal cannabis market by leveraging the strengths and knowledge of over 20 state agencies and departments alongside our local and federal partners. The UCETF’s progress in 2023 reflects California’s ongoing commitment to disrupting  and dismantling illegal cannabis activity,” said DCC director Nicole Elliott in January. “I look forward to working with all our partners in 2024 to build on this progress.” Last year in September, there was a raid on a legal cannabis business called Se7venleaf in Costa Mesa, which at the time was thought to be conducting business illegally. Law enforcement seized 100 pounds of cannabis flower, various boxes of cartridges and vaporizers, among many other business-related items (security cameras, devices, and documents). In late March, the Costa Mesa police were forced to return all of the seized items. “They didn’t like that they had to return the stuff,” said Se7venleaf co-owner Matteo Tabib. “They didn’t like that they were wrong, and they didn’t like that they were embarrassed and that nobody was charged. They gave no consideration that me and Michael and our employees’ lives are not in a good place right now.”

https://hightimes.com/

Psilocybin Mental Health Therapy ‘Not Associated’ With Paranoia Risk, Study Shows

While modern research increasingly finds that psilocybin, the active psychoactive compound in magic mushrooms, offers promising therapeutic outcomes for many otherwise treatment-resistant conditions, taking the plunge into the psychedelic realm can feel daunting for many people. Similar to the “reefer madness” propaganda of the past pertaining to cannabis, we’re gradually navigating away from old assumptions that psilocybin and other psychedelic compounds are a recipe for disaster — that a trip is a one-way ticket to psychosis and dangerous mental health implications. Research has found that emergency room visits over psilocybin use is extremely rare, and most common negative symptoms related to psilocybin use were due to poor mindset, setting, mixing substances and ultimately resolved within 24 hours.  While most medical treatments come with some risks, a new study looked to further investigate the notable adverse effects for psilocybin treatment pertaining to anxiety and depression. Researchers at the University of Georgia, Larkin University and Palm Beach Atlantic University published their review in JAMA Psychiatry, which involved a meta-analysis of double-blind clinical trials involving psilocybin treatment for depression and anxiety between 1966 and 2023. The study notes a number of expected adverse effects from psilocybin therapy for depression and anxiety, but researchers did not find an association with paranoia and transient thought disorder as these symptoms were reported with comparatively low frequency to others. “Psilocybin has been studied in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders,” authors begin. “Clinical studies have mainly focused on efficacy, with systematic reviews showing favorable efficacy; however, none have primarily focused on psilocybin safety.” To evaluate adverse effects of therapeutic psilocybin doses for depression and anxiety treatment, researchers evaluated studies including randomized clinical trials comparing psilocybin with placebo groups or another comparator. They also grouped doses into low (1-3 mg), moderate (10-20 mg) and high (20-30 mg) categories based on previous clinical data. The analysis included six studies with a total of 528 participants.  In general, participants experienced adverse effects immediately or within 24 hours of psilocybin administration. Contrary to some of the negative stereotypes surrounding psilocybin and other psychedelics, study authors noted that psilocybin was “not associated with the risk of paranoia and transient thought disorder,” which is characterized by the sudden onset of psychotic symptoms. Two adverse effects occurred in all six studies — headache (an incidence ranging from 2% to 66%) and nausea (4% to 48%) — while anxiety was documented in three studies (4% to 26% incidence rate). Authors noted that all adverse effects had an estimated value of less than 50% except elevated blood pressure.  “A summary of the acute adverse effects of psilocybin in treating depression and anxiety is needed for healthcare professionals to identify expected adverse effects and provide effective patient counseling,” researchers note in their discussion. “… The results overall suggest a statistically significant incidence of headache, nausea, anxiety, dizziness, and elevated blood pressure… Given the psilocybin mechanism of action, these adverse effects are expected as they are similar among serotonergic antidepressants.” The study notes that there were three cases of paranoia with high-dose psilocybin across 128 patients, with five patients in two studies experiencing transient thought disorder. Researchers noted that all studies used a therapist or facilitator to assist patients — which could have potentially prevented increased severity of complications.  Researchers add that incidence of paranoia and transient thought disorder appears to be low, but they are still adverse effects worth exploring in the future. “In this systematic review and meta-analysis, therapeutic doses of psilocybin appeared to produce tolerable acute adverse effects that typically resolved within 24 to 48 hours,” researchers conclude. “However, less common adverse effects, such as paranoia and prolonged visual perceptual effects, warrant attention.” The study authors also push for further exploration via larger trials to fully assess the adverse effects of therapeutic psilocybin use, specifically for populations with comorbid health conditions. They also suggest more research focusing on efficacy of medications, alternative treatments in symptom management and the role of licensed therapists in managing adverse effects. “Recommendations for solicited acute adverse effects should, at a minimum, include headache, nausea, anxiety, dizziness, paranoia, blood pressure and/or heart rate changes, visual perceptual effects, physical discomfort, and mood changes.”

https://hightimes.com/

New Hampshire House Passes Cannabis Legalization Bill

The New Hampshire House of Representatives voted last week to approve a bill to legalize recreational marijuana, marking the second time the chamber has passed the legislation. Members of the House voted 239-136 on Thursday to pass the measure, House Bill 1633 (HB1633), which would legalize pot for adults and set the stage for tightly regulated cannabis sales. Bills with financial elements must be passed twice under New Hampshire state law. The first time the marijuana legalization measure was up for a vote in February, the chamber advanced the bill by a vote of 239-14. The bill was then sent to the House Financial Committee so the panel could consider the financial elements of the proposal. On April 2, the Financial Committee voted 19-6 to recommend passage of a revised version of the legislation. Democratic Representative Chuck Grassie wrote a statement in support of the bill. “The legalization of cannabis will move production and sales from the underground, sometimes dangerous, illicit market to legal businesses, allowing for appropriate regulations and control,” he said at the time, the Concord Monitor reported. Before the vote on Thursday, Republican state Representative Erica Layon, the sponsor of the measure, called on her colleagues in the House to pass the bill. She argued that many people in New Hampshire already have access to marijuana, either by growing their own, purchasing it in other states, or buying weed from the unregulated market. New Hampshire is an outlier in New England, being the only state in the region that has not yet legalized cannabis for adults. “What this bill would change is that you could have regulated, tested products that are free of contaminants and are not mixed with other drugs,” Layon said, according to a separate report from the Concord Monitor. If passed by the state Senate and signed into law by Republican Governor Chris Sununu, the bill would legalize marijuana for adults aged 21 and older, who would be permitted to possess up to four ounces of weed. The measure also legalizes the commercial production and sale of cannabis products under a tightly regulated model overseen by the New Hampshire Liquor Commission. The bill only allows for 15 retail cannabis dispensaries to operate statewide to serve a population of nearly 1.4 million people. Opponents of the bill argued that marijuana legalization would harm young people, pose a safety risk on the state’s roadways and would not reduce unregulated sales of weed. Supporters of the arguments countered that such outcomes have not been documented in states that have legalized recreational weed. Republican Representative Kenneth Weyler encouraged his fellow representatives to vote “no” on the bill, saying that other states that have legalized cannabis have had public safety issues after the reforms were enacted. “We now have the examples of many other states that have legalized this substance over the past few years,” he said. “Have any of them bragged about how much money they made? Have any of them seen a reduction in petty crime?” Following its passage in the House last week, HB 1633 now heads to the New Hampshire Senate for consideration by a legislative committee and the full body. If the Senate passes the bill, it will head to Sununu for consideration.  After years of opposition to legalizing recreational weed, the governor said last year he would sign a bill that does so in a tightly controlled manner. However, the legislation does not fulfill the conditions he set at the time, including a proposal that would only allow cannabis sales at state-run dispensaries. If Sununu gets the bill, he will have the option of vetoing the legislation or signing it into law. Cannabis policy advocates hailed the House’s passage of the recreational marijuana bill by lawmakers in the Granite State. Jen Flanagan, director of regulatory policy for cannabis and psychedelics law firm Vicente LLP, said she gives “the New Hampshire House of Representatives a lot of credit for their hard work in passing the adult-use cannabis legalization legislation.” “As with every other state that has legalized cannabis, New Hampshire must work out the details that work for their state and I hope the Senate takes this opportunity to see that safe and legal products are best for the public health and public safety of communities,” Flanagan wrote in an email to High Times.

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Time’s Ticking for Criminal Justice Reform with Shinola’s Watch Release

With an increasing focus on advocacy, luxury watchmaker Shinola is again raising awareness of inequities that plague the criminal justice system, particularly for people impacted by the criminalization of cannabis, many of whom remain behind bars. In 2020, the Detroit, Michigan-based brand introduced the Twenty After Four Detrola watch in collaboration with rapper and advocate Common, as well as Woody Harrelson, who now runs a dispensary and lounge in California. Proceeds of the Detrola release also went to Common’s chosen organizations that fight for criminal justice reform: the Anti-Recidivism Coalition and the Cabrini Green Legal Aid. Shinola is again raising awareness—donating to two new efforts that support criminal justice reform—with the all-new limited edition 41-millimeter Grassland Runwell, designed in collaboration with actor and Michigan native Quincy Isaiah. The budding actor’s portrayals include his role as Magic Johnson in the series Time to Win: The Rise of the Lakers Dynasty. He stars in the upcoming social justice drama Grassland, which confronts the failures of the criminal justice system, head-on, as it impacts families and diminishes their chances at long-term success. Grassland, which is produced by David Goldblum and Adam Edery, is set to premiere later this year.   The Grassland Runwell aims to promote change by bringing awareness to the racial disparity in cannabis arrests that is now impossible to ignore: as people monetize cannabis, others remain behind bars for something that is now legal for medical or recreational purposes in most states. A portion of the proceeds of each watch, limited to 420 pieces, is pledged to support criminal justice reform policies, with donations going to two new groups: Imagine Justice and the impact campaign for Grassland. Imagine Justice is a project of Free To Dream Institute, a social impact venture founded by Common.  “We’re calling it the 41-millimeter Grassland Runwell,” says Philip Pirkovic, Shinola’s Director Of Brand & Partnerships, and who helped to develop the new watch which was based on Shinola’s flagship Runwell Collection of watches. “It’s a limited edition watch and we’re only making 420 of them.” The creative design team worked diligently to develop a concept for a classy, cannabis-friendly watch that isn’t too loud to wear in the workplace. The idea was to create a nod to cannabis while keeping the look of the watch in par with the refined look of Shinola’s Runwell Collection. “It’s a quartz movement watch,” says Shinola Creative Designer Christopher Daniels. “What makes this one special is that we have a green dial with a blue number four and a weed leaf at the thirty-second mark.” The hand-assembled watches boast argonite 1069 quartz movement, with a matte velvet green dial. It’s alway 4:20, because the watch has a aqua-blue C5 lume illuminated number four and the 20-minute mark, and a fan leaf at thirty-second mark to designate our favorite time of day. Its olive leather strap also features green glow-in-the-dark stitching. But you also won’t be advertising that you smoke in a pervasive way. “As for design, we wanted the watch to be more minimal in that sense,” Daniels says. “The first one was more kind of a celebratory, with a weed leaf pattern on the dial. This one we want to do a nod to it but in a more serious [tone].  “One of the cool things we were able to do with this one is custom packaging for the box,” says Pirkovic. “So we have this custom box that is partially made out of hemp paper. But the cool part about it is on the side, the size of the watch box.” They explained that the watch box displays the number 40,000—for a reason. Statistics show there are some 40,000 Americans in prison on cannabis charges. A 2007 Bureau of Justice Statistics (BLS) report that divided state and federal incarcerated populations by substance-specific drug offenses found that there are over 40,000 people in prison for cannabis in the U.S. Then again in March of 2021, another BLS analysis used data gathered in 2018, and when applied to the earlier report’s figures, arrived at similar numbers. This is why organizations that aim to free pot prisoners say the number is around 40,000, while the actual number is difficult to reach. The main concept of this product launch is to support efforts that they can stand behind. “We will be donating half of the proceeds from this watch to Common’s Imagine Justice and the other half is going to go toward supporting the impact campaign for the upcoming film Grassland,” says Pirkovic.  When Shinola launched the Twenty After Four watch in 2020, the team pledged to donate $176,400, equaling total sales, to the two groups. In 2024, the Shinola team plans to renew their push for criminal justice reform. As explored in the upcoming independent film Grassland, law enforcement continues to incarcerate people for cannabis—many of whom are good people—and it’s disproportionately affecting minorities, making it difficult for people with minor offenses to get jobs once they re-enter society. This is evident in the way it impacts children like young Leo (played by Ravi Cabot-Conyers). And while cannabis is increasingly decriminalized across the country, many people are still locked up for cannabis-only offenses.  “There’s a lot to be said about marijuana reform. When people go through that experience it’s so much harder to succeed,” Pirkovic says. The Shinola team was moved after seeing a private screening of Grassland—so much so that they wanted to create a partnership with Isaiah.  “We were just like both just so moved by it,” Pirkovic says. “On our way back to Detroit, we were just like, ‘What can we do to help?’ Quincy’s message is just so powerful and what he’s trying to do. We saw the 420 release and thought maybe we could do our own spin on it.” “Today there’s still 40,000+ people are incarcerated for the first time even to this day, so we are able to use that stat that’s on our packaging paper we’re super excited to kind of tie in some of those elements through the packaging—but not as much on the watch that we did the first time,” says Pirkovic. “So for us as a brand this is about empowering Quincy’s message and using the brand as a conduit to support these efforts and why he wanted to do this. We’re merely just a vessel.” “At the end of the day, we’re making a product and we’re having these elements of design, incorporated into it from the hemp paper on the box to everything else,” Pirkovic adds. “But we wouldn’t be doing this. So that was a big part of what we’re doing here.” To learn more, visit the Shinola website.

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Worker Fired After Hanging His Own Painting Next to Warhols at Modern Art Museum in Germany

At Munich, Germany’s Pinakothek der Moderne museum—one of Europe’s finest modern art galleries, showcasing the priceless works of Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró, Keith Haring, Max Ernst, and so on—a mysterious painting hung alongside famous paintings by Andy Warhol for eight hours.  It was hours later by the time museum staff realized it was illegally hung by one of their own—an unnamed 51-year-old employee and aspiring guerrilla artist. The museum promptly fired the employee upon learning of his prank, however the only permanent damage he did was drill two holes in the gallery wall. The artist seemed to say to himself, “Why isn’t my art just as good?” and hung his own art without permission. The man hung his art “in the hope of achieving his artistic breakthrough”, the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung first reported, citing the police as a source. The Guardian reports that on Tuesday, the southern Germany museum confirmed that it had fired an employee from its technical services team after he was caught hanging his own painting in a part of the gallery that showcases works by Warhol, whom High Times interviewed in the August 1977 issue, as well as other famous modern and contemporary artists. This particular artist says he just wanted people to see his art. “The employee considers himself as an artist and most likely saw his role in the museum’s installation team as a day-job to support his true calling,” a spokesperson for the Pinakothek told the Guardian.  Some things are better left unsaid: Instead of drawing more attention, the museum staff decided to just leave it up there until closing time. “The decision was made to keep the picture on display while the gallery was open and take it down after its closing time at 6:00 pm,” the spokesperson continued. The Pinakothek decided to hide photos of his art from the public in order to discourage copycat pranksters. “All I can say is that we did not receive any positive feedback on the addition from visitors to the gallery,” the spokesperson quipped. The museum is located in Munich’s Kunstareal museum quarter, and it also showcases notable architecture and design works. The New York Times called it a “reverse art heist,”—an act in which the artist hangs his or her own art on the wall of a museum without permission. It’s also called guerrilla art, an art form that was perfected by artists like Banksy. The employee had access to the gallery after opening hours and so he didn’t attract any attention from security staff. He quietly installed his own 60 cm x 120 cm painting on an empty white wall in a passageway in the eastern wing’s first-floor gallery. The incident took place on Feb. 23 but the museum did not go public with it until last Monday.  As for Warhol, when interviewed by High Times, he said many gut-busting, hilarious things, like the fact that when he gets drunk, “I tell everyone they can be on the cover of Interview.” Warhol is credited with transforming the definition of art by introducing his brand of pop art, colorful screen-printed art that could be produced at a more efficient scale, selling them for millions during his own lifetime. The German artist in Munich left an impression, and in Warhol’s words, is getting his own “15 minutes of fame” thanks to his prank that cost him his job. The German man is not alone, and other artists have made a name for themselves via guerrilla art, namely the anonymous artist Banksy. Between October 2003 and May 2005, Banksy walked into some of the most highly regarded and significant museums in London and New-York in order to place some of his artworks.  He or she probably smokes weed. In one prank at The Edwardian Bristol City Art Museum in the U.K., museum-goers enjoyed participating in a game of “spot the Banksy” among the permanent collections. One such piece included a hand-painted, “clearly used hash pipe” inside a piece of pottery but plainly visible. Banksy appears to favor hash resin: In 2003, for instance, the artist illegally hung his own art at the esteemed Tate Britain—formerly called the National Gallery of British Art—in an act he said was inspired by cannabis resin. His self-hung piece was entitled, “Crimewatch UK Has Ruined the Countryside For All of Us,” and was placed next to a 19th century landscape. One could say that all graffiti art is guerrilla art in the sense that it’s illegal without permission. This particular artist was inspired to hang his own work and display it to the world—with or without anyone’s permission.

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Binoid’s Top 10 Strongest Weed Strains of 2024

Nowadays, the world of cannabis strains is more advanced than ever before.  We’re seeing breeders develop cultivars with higher THC levels including 30% and up, something that was basically unheard of just decades ago.  If you’re the type of hemp enthusiast who wants a strain that’s going to get you high beyond your wildest dreams, you’re in luck, because today, we’re ranking the top 10 strongest strains to try in 2024. As well, don’t forget to use the code HIGHTIMES25 for 25% off while being treated to fast and free shipping so that you can try out these awesome cannabis strains in 2024.  Buy THC Strongest Cannabis Strain Products Click Here Here’s the thing: you don’t know just how much the strain matters until you end up with the wrong one.  Each strain of cannabis has its own dominant terpenes that play a huge role in the effects you experience (sleepy, energized, pain-relieved, giggly, etc.) as well as the flavor and aroma profiles. Sativa strains are more energizing, indica strains are more sedating, and hybrid strains are a cross between the two. Not only that, but each strain inherently yields a certain amount of THC, ranging from 1% to roughly 30% (although some recent outlier strains have even stronger amounts than that).  This is going to matter a whole lot, because everyone has a unique tolerance to THC’s intoxicating effects.  Knowing how potent a strain is can be crucial to making sure that you’re in for the high you really want. Now, without further ado, let’s cover the 10 strongest cannabis strains on the market in 2024, both through their THC concentrations, and their terpene profiles that play a role in how hard the effects can hit you. With 26% THC, Forbidden Fruit is a mega favorite on the market, beloved for its heavy indica effects (70% indica, 30% sativa), and its dreamy flavor of juicy fruits.  It’s a cross between Cherry Pie and Tangie, with a high that sends you into a dazed bliss of euphoric contentment, getting sleepier and sleeper as time goes on.  You’ll find yourself deeply introspective while you fade into couchlock and eventually doze off. Wedding Cake is a 60/40 indica-leaning hybrid with about 27% THC, and its high is renowned for its potency. The flavor is just as appealing, tasting like delicious vanilla cake with notes of cherry.  The high is quite balanced, beginning with a euphoric rush of joy and a lack of worry, as you find yourself getting sleepier and sleepier with a powerful body high to match. Yielding about 25% THC, Trainwreck is an 80% sativa hybrid that lives up to its name, hitting you hard and heavy like a train crashing into your cerebral cortex.  This strain is a mix between landrace strains, and it can help you maintain a clear-minded high while you feel deeply giddy and alleviated of all stress deep inside.  The body high is warm and tingly, enhancing feelings of relief and pleasure, as you find a smile glued to your face for the hours ahead. Bubba Kush is a super potent 80% indica-dominant hybrid that’s a cross between Afghani and OG Kush, with about 26% THC.  Its flavor profile is intriguing, with notes of coffee, chocolate, hash, and spices.  It’s a strain that will put you in a total daze for hours, unable to think or move as the world around you fades away and your left in a state of pure peace and bliss.   With its mouthwatering mango flavor, Mango Tango hits the spot, offering about 26% THC.  It’s a 70% indica-dominant hybrid that’s a cross between Tangie, Peaches, and True OG, and its high hits you almost instantly, leaving you utterly sedated and glued to the couch, with no ability to focus on what’s around you. It’s a “lights out” strain that can do wonders when you’re trying to decompress. Alaskan Funderthuck is a 70% sativa-dominant hybrid with almost 25% THC, and its high is outstandingly strong, helped by its unique terpene profile that boosts the effects of the cultivar.  With notes of diesel and fresh oranges, it has a distinctive taste, and people adore its mood-boosting high that keeps you clear and focused, and very chatty if you’re with the right people.  Gorilla Glue is an outstandingly potent strain with 28% THC, derived from crossing Chocolate Diesel with Sour Diesel.  The strain is intensely euphoric, with a long-lasting high that can keep you feeling super happy and even giggly for hours on end.  Its body high is relieving without being known to cause sedation, making it great for the daytime. God’s Gift is an unbelievably powerful 27%-THC indica strain that can wipe out all anxiety and negativity, leaving you virtually lifeless.  It’s great for bedtime, since it can knock you out fast, after satisfying you with its flavor of lemons and grapes.  This is a heavily sedating strain that really does make you feel like you’ve entered a heavenly space.  Green Crack is straight up notorious for its intense sativa effects and powerful 25% THC.  This strain is perhaps the most energizing of all time, making you feel bubbly and giddy as you go about your day.  The stimulating effects are capable of helping you get more accomplished, and are great for socializing as well. Finally, we have Do Si Dos, with 30% THC.  This 70% indica-dominant hybrid is a mix between Girl Scout Cookies and Face Off OG, with a lime and mint flavor profile that’s delicious beyond belief.  The high is hazy and fuzzy, causing you to feel quite sedated yet filled with a headrush of euphoric joy. If you’re craving a high that goes above and beyond, these 10 strains will do the trick.  And, all 10 of them can be found at Binoid, several of which are featured in the brand’s new Blazed THC line of unique cannabis strains, and exceptionally potent combos of cannabinoids for maximum psychoactive satisfaction.  Explore these strains and more to get the high you’re searching for.   If you’re ready to give this potentiator a try, stick to a brand you can trust, already highly regarded for their super effective, top-quality products, like Binoid.  This way, you’ll know you’re getting only a legitimate, clean, and lab-tested product that gives you the full potential of what we can offer. And don’t forget to use the code HIGHTIMES25 for 25% off while being treated to fast shipping so that you can try the strongest THC strains.  Buy THC Strongest Weed Strains Click Here

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Turn Up the Terpenes With Living Soil

Opening up jars of Moon Valley Cannabis is almost sickening. The aroma coming off of these buds is so strong it’s hard to take them in all at once. I’m gagging on pure terpenes after trying to sniff a few cultivars in the Moon Valley line-up: Modified Grape, Unicorn Runtz, Watermelon Zonkers, and their first in-house breeding creation, Neon Panther; they all smell incredibly intense. The experience is like walking into a smoothie bar, buying citrus at the farmers’ market, or spending a few hours inside a dimly lit tiki lounge. Cannabis growers have long searched for the best cultivation methods to grow the most aromatic, flavorful, and potent flowers. Now, science is showing that microscopic organisms—namely beneficial bacteria and fungi found in soil—are key players in producing cannabis with extraordinary fragrances, tastes, and effects. Since its leap into the adult-use cannabis market in 2021, Moon Valley has made a name for itself amongst the most discerning weed smokers and racked up an impressive number of awards for its indoor soil-grown cannabis. With sustainability in mind, Moon Valley does things like using reclaimed water to make its ice water hash and rosins, but the main thing that the cannabis company uses to market itself is “living soil,” or soil that contains a dynamic living ecosystem. And the growing methodology at Moon Valley appears to be working; their flowers take the trend in sweet fruit-forward cannabis into a place so far away from the others in the pack that it’s beyond the gravitational pull of Earth. This begs the question, will we bring weed with us to space? I’d stash this pot in my cosmic go-bag. Dipping my nose through Moon Valley’s selections, the scents alone provide a feel-good charge similar to walking outside and taking in the smells of herbs and plants in the air after a cold winter rain—there are wetted leaves of orange and grapefruit trees and blue rosemary blossoms sprinkled in crystalline raindrops. By now, savvy cannabis consumers know that terpenes—the chemical elements of cannabis that produce many of its flavors and aromas—join together with cannabinoids such as THC and CBD to produce weed’s effects. A 2021 study published in the Journal of Cannabis Research shows that the biology present in living soil increases the number and diversity of cannabinoids and terpenes. This happens, the study explains, due to an interplay between microbes within the soil that open biochemical pathways, stimulating their production. Tobacco with broad leaves and a small pink flower, lamb’s ear-shaped comfrey leaves, blooming purple-flowered basil, and tropical white turmeric, all sorts of plants are growing in 18-inch beds filled with nutrient-rich soil that’s feeding the cannabis growing under LED lights at Moon Valley. Farmers do not till living soil but build upon it year after year, an action aimed at improving its health in several ways. Compost, filled with fungal life that helps it decompose, is used to help the soil retain water and nutrients. Beneficial insects like earthworms help with things like aerating the soil and provide an additional source of fertilization through their waste. This “no-till” farming style also involves other sustainable agricultural practices such as using cover crops, or plants that are not grown to be harvested, but to enrich the soil and promote biodiversity. My tour of Moon Valley’s Santa Rosa, California grow was already pretty unique for an indoor cultivation facility, before I reach the fermentation area. There, Production Manager Josh Wegleitner is cutting up two large piles of winter squash, readying it to ferment into a vinegar. Later, he’ll combine that with a natural calcium-rich offering like eggshells and blend it with a compost tea to charge the cannabis plants with nutrients. Fermented plant juice contains microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The pumpkin he’s chopping smells as sweet as a honeydew melon, and the comfrey he’s fermenting with sugar smells like fresh cucumbers. Creating fermented plant juice is one of the techniques in Korean natural farming, a cultivation practice that includes extracting nutrients and minerals for plant health from different types of fruits and vegetables. Wegleitner says he feels like a chef creating food for the cannabis plants as he and founder Eli Buffalo open up various tubs of fermented plant juices for me to smell. The plant juices they’re crafting at Moon Valley Cannabis—made from things like ginger, garlic, and orange blossoms—smell almost as delectable as their award-winning cannabis flowers. “We chop up all sorts of stuff,” Wegleitner says when I meet him mid-cutting pumpkins and collecting their seeds. He’s standing under an outside patio near a container of spent beer mash from a local brewery and a blend of sprouted beans. “This is a seed blend we’re doing sprouted-seed tea with. Those different plants that are growing in there, the fava beans and bell beans, we’ll sprout those, and then we’ll blend them.” Moon Valley feeds its plants by feeding its soil. “I don’t know what the plants want and when they want to eat it, so we’re just trying to provide them with a buffet, and whenever they want it, they can take as much as they want,” Buffalo says. “We’re trying to make sure that what we think the plant wants is within the soil.” Back in the grow room, Buffalo points out the comfrey growing near his award-winning cannabis, including a fruity cultivar called Hawaiian Snowcone, a collaboration from breeder Tiki Madman and Big Al’s Exotics that’s a cross of Detroit Runtz and Hawaiian Plushers. This strain smells and tastes syrupy and sweet, like a bright red tropical fruit punch. “We turn those into, basically, in-house made nutrients,” Buffalo explains. “The comfrey plant has a lot of well-balanced nutrition. It’s got a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. We’re extracting those minerals and nutrients doing that Korean natural farming prep and basically just mixing it with sugar. And it creates an osmotic process that pulls those minerals and nutrients out of the plant matter, and then we can water that back in with our compost teas and put it back in the soil.” Buffalo says cannabis grown in living soil provides a smoother, more potent, and “cleaner” smoke. “I honestly think that outdoor living soil is the pinnacle of cultivation,” he says. “But, for me, we can cultivate year-round, we can have multiple harvests consistently and be consistently putting out stuff that’s pretty similar.” Located in Santa Rosa, California, near the Sonoma Valley, Buffalo named his cannabis company after the city of Sonoma, where he grew up. The name also came via his father who played with the Steve Miller Band for 37 years and started a music label called Moon Valley Music. Buffalo started cultivating as a non-profit under Proposition 215 in 2015 on a 12-acre ranch a bit further north in Lake County, where he and Wegleitner—a friendship that goes back to kindergarten—grew greenhouse and outdoor flowers and began making ice water hash. When it came to looking towards getting licensed in the adult-use cannabis market that state voters approved in November 2016, Buffalo switched gears, obtaining his current facility and growing all indoor cannabis with a 3,000-square-foot canopy while building a micro-business that’s completely in-house in terms of processing, manufacturing, and distribution. The venture officially began in September 2021, and since then, Moon Valley has racked up an impressive grouping of awards for its flowers and hash. In 2022, Moon Valley Cannabis took home first place in the Environmentally-Friendly Indoor category at The Emerald Cup—a competition that began to advance the concept of sustainable outdoor farming and has since evolved to include indoor entries—and eighth place for its Strawberry Banana rosin. In 2023, Moon Valley won third place in the Ice Water Hash category at The Emerald Cup for Super Boof. At the 2023 Northern California Rosin Championship—a competition where entrants all wash the same material—it won multiple awards. Moon Valley placed at the 2023 California Ego Clash and King of Z Hill competitions. They also won a silver medal at the 2023 California State Fair for Candy Rain and took home the top prize at Jimi Devine’s 2023 Transbay Challenge Final with Hawaiian Snowcone. “It really buried all the challengers,” Leafly’s cultivation expert and Transbay Challenge judge David Downs says of Moon Valley’s Hawaiian Snowcone, a cultivar he describes as tasting as creamy and very sweet like a snowcone with blue and red syrup and a condensed milk capper. “Moon Valley Cannabis grew it in soil indoors in small batches, and it was perfectly cured, as opposed to newer, more hype strains that just weren’t ready for competition.” Moon Valley also recently released the first cultivar they made in-house, Neon Panther. Neon Panther smells like pink grapefruit with an energizing burst of orange and pineapple flowers. It’s a project they’ve been working on for a few years and involves generational crosses of Blueberry Muffin, Sticky Papaya, Pink Runtz, and Super Boof. “The smoke is a sharp citrus delight,” says Rachelle Gordon, editor of the cannabis-focused website Greenstate.com. Known for its world-class wines and temperate climate, Sonoma County has a history in sustainable farming, beginning with native Pomo, Coast Miwok, and Wintun peoples who named the area Sonoma, or the Valley of the Moon. Internationally famous author Jack London took the name for his book The Valley of the Moon and became an early adopter of sustainable farming on his 1,000-acre Beauty Ranch located on Sonoma Mountain in Glen Ellen. London had learned farming techniques as a war correspondent in Korea and spent the last years of his life on his venture at the ranch. “I am not using commercial fertilizer,” London wrote, as documented in the book Jack London Ranch Album. “I believe the soil is our one indestructible asset…” Today, Sonoma continues to boast a number of eco-friendly farms and is a leader in the biodynamic winemaking movement. Before cultivating cannabis, Buffalo worked as a mechanic building custom motorcycles and then got a job managing a repair shop for a biodynamic grape grower, which is how he started his journey learning about soil biology. Before Moon Valley, Wegleitner worked in production at a winery where he learned about fermentation. In sustainable farming methods—such as Korean natural and biodynamic farming—the focus is on healthy soil that contains a diverse web of organisms. “A diverse soil full of beneficial organisms provide a complex and varied diet that cannot be replicated by synthetic or narrow spectrum organic fertilizers,” says Shango Los, host of the Shaping Fire podcast. While many cannabis growers and cultivation experts, including Los and Buffalo, believe that outdoor cannabis grown in living soil under natural sunshine produces the most extraordinary flowers, the number of indoor growers cultivating in living soil is on the rise. “We’re bringing the outside indoors,” Buffalo says. This article was originally published in the April 2024 issue of High Times Magazine.

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Spring Planting Tips

Spring is a time of rebirth, and the planting season is always fun as you sow the beginnings of a journey that ends in fresh vegetables, fruits, herbs, or flowers like cannabis. In certain parts of the world, like California, the spring planting season comes early. This can be both a blessing and a curse because, depending on where you are located equatorially, supplemental lighting might be necessary to keep your plants from going into flower too early. Since cannabis is photosensitive and some types begin flowering when daylight hours change, you could have plants that start flowering in April and May, leading to stunted and dwarfed plants by September or October. Even worse, your plants could finish early, producing little to no buds and unripened trichomes with low THC. When it comes to maximizing your plants’ potential, an early spring can be an advantage since they can grow for a longer period. This long vegetative cycle will promote a large root zone and robust, bushy plants. The key to the success of this is multiple transplants or repotting. By gradually increasing the size of the container in which the plant is growing, you will be forcing its root mass to grow as well, promoting a thicker main stalk and bigger plant. Stick to a simple nutrient regimen and use a well-balanced, pre-mixed soil. Two common problems that growers run into are pests (specifically caterpillars) and powdery mildew. Thankfully, there are many organic solutions to address both of these issues, which are readily available—just make sure to spray early and consistently. When spraying your pest management regimen, start once the sun has begun to set, as direct sunlight on the sprayed plants could burn them. Now, with the advent and further development of autoflower cultivars, the spring planter is faced with two choices: either plant two cycles of autoflower crops, which will be ready for harvest sooner, or run one crop of autoflowers and then plant a full-term crop.  Autoflower strains are genetically bred to flower without the 12-hour photoperiod that is typical of cannabis plants. Initially, these plants were somewhat lower in yield and often did not have the vast amount of flavors available in phototypical plants. Now that has changed, and many growers are discovering the advantages of growing these new autoflower varieties. This is especially true of growers who specialize in growing for extraction and only use fresh frozen material. Since these growers usually harvest on the earlier side to preserve terpenes, these types of plants are ideal for biomass. However, it wasn’t until recently that autoflowering plants were high enough quality to produce great hash or extracts. Once you’ve selected your genetics and figured out your daylight hours, it’s time to get started. Given a choice, begin with well-tested and vetted seeds since you will get a more robust plant and, in some cases, yield almost 20-25% more than mystery seeds. It’s very important to seek out good genetics as you really want to have almost 90% or greater uniformity in your plants. Companies such as the Humboldt Seed Company are currently working on several F1 seeds, which will ensure you get the most uniform crop possible. Then, it’s time to really begin; the best advice is to keep things simple. Don’t overdo it with nutrients, and don’t overwater. Pay close attention to the packaging of your nutrient of choice—it will tell you exactly how much to apply and how frequently to do so. The best way to not overwater is to get into the habit of feeling the weight of your plant at various moisture contents—if it’s heavy, it has soaked up ample water, but if the plant feels too light, it could use more thorough watering. With these tips you should have a bountiful harvest. This article was originally published in the April 2024 issue of High Times Magazine.

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Xzibit Opens Bel Air’s Only Cannabis Retail Store with Support for Students

The ritzy, upscale Los Angeles neighborhood Bel Air will welcome a new arrival: a cannabis store, run by rapper Xzibit, who proudly represents the West Coast. It’s the rapper’s latest foray into the cannabis sector after launching a cannabis-themed podcast and a cannabis brand Napalm. Xzibit’s West Coast Cannabis (XWCC) opened its doors last month but operators want to kick off with a bang and some opening ceremonies. The store is located off the 405 freeway on Sepulveda Blvd., on the second floor of a building. The store will celebrate the launch on April 28 with a grand opening and a 4:20 p.m. ribbon-cutting ceremony, followed by a block party. The store opening gives Xzibit the distinction of being the sole adult-use cannabis retail licensee in Bel Air, Benzinga reports. “The West Coast is more than just a term that describes where we live, it stands for the culture of everything that represents us. From entertainment to our beloved sports teams, our car culture, our neighborhoods, and beaches, we are proud citizens of this community and XWCC is a celebration of all of the above,” Xzibit stated. ‘We are honored to be able to open our doors in such a special location and invite everyone to come celebrate the West Coast along with us.” The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is not far from Bel Air, and Xzibit’s new store has a unique approach. In a press release, XWCC announced that UCLA students are invited to try out the new cannabis store, with the promise of a 60% discount on premium cannabis products, which demonstrates XWCC’s commitment to directly helping the local community. If anyone needs a discount, it’s students with the burden of tuition and living expenses—especially students in California. “Nestled in the iconic neighborhood of Bel Air, Los Angeles, XWCC is more than a premium cannabis dispensary—it’s a culmination of a journey marked by passion, commitment, and excellence,” the website reads. “Founded by renowned artist and entrepreneur, Xzibit, XWCC is a reflection of his life’s story—from his humble beginnings to his rise as a West Coast legend in music, entertainment, and cannabis. Xzibit’s career, marked by groundbreaking music and creative ventures, has always been driven by a deep commitment to authenticity and innovation. His journey is infused into the ethos of XWCC.” XWCC represents the best of the West when it comes to quality herb. Recently the rapper also launched Lasagna Ganja, a weekly podcast about the cannabis sector. He co-hosts the podcast, supported by DCP Entertainment, with cannabis advocate and influencer Tammy The Cannabis Cutie. Last year, Flora Arbor LLC, a licensed craft grow based in Elgin, Illinois, announced an exclusive licensing and distribution agreement with Napalm, a premium cannabis brand founded by hip-hop artist, actor, and entertainer Xzibit. (Some people didn’t like the name because it was named after a weapon of war with a dark past.) In the most recent High Times interview with Xzibit, he explained how cannabis can help replace things like liquor. It’s a testament that the rapper’s wilder, earlier days are now balanced with a healthier substitute like cannabis. “I don’t get as shit-faced as I used to,” Xzibit told High Times in 2019. “I don’t bounce back like I used to, so I had to slow that shit down. It gets in the way of your productivity.” The rapper grew up in New Mexico before moving on to the coast in Los Angeles, where he blew up. He was proud to announce the store opening on  “Get ready to elevate your experience! XWCC is opening its doors on March 17th!” Xzibit posted on Instagram last month. “Whether you’re a seasoned connoisseur or new to the scene, we’ve got something special just for you. Swing by and discover a curated selection of premium products. Mention @935kday and receive a special treat!” As a rapper, Xzibit joined Dr. Dre and others on the “Up in Smoke Tour” and he hosted MTV’s popular Pimp My Ride. It was more or less an all-star lineup of mostly West Coast icons. “It was the first time that my music had been broadcast and pushed on a national or on a global level, alongside iconic acts such as Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, Eminem and Snoop Dogg, and you know, all of us coming up under that 2001 [Dr. Dre’s 1999 solo album] umbrella,” Xzibit said. “I was exposed to millions and millions of people, and now you have the opportunity to showcase your talent at the highest point of the pendulum.” Xzibit’s new foray with his cannabis store in Bel Air shows that he’s not going anywhere and will remain a fixture in the cannabis market.

https://hightimes.com/

American Senior Arrested in Colombia for ‘Cannabis Tours’

A 73-year-old American man was arrested in Colombia this week for leading “cannabis tours” in his home. Per CBS News, citing Colombian law enforcement, the unidentified man “advertised on social media and a website for foreigners to visit his house in Sabaneta, a town south of the city of Medellín in the northwestern part of the country.” CBS said that the man “distributed flyers advertising ‘Cannabis Farm Tours’ given by ‘Cannabis Jimmy.’”  “The materials said ‘free samples’ would be distributed during the tours. Approximately 2-8 people were on each tour, and reservations were required. The tours lasted 2-3 hours during which the man taught visitors ‘the process of planting, caring for, harvesting, and maintaining this plant,’ police said. He also sold tour-takers marijuana for $20 a gram,” the outlet reported.  “Police said they confiscated 1,380 grams of marijuana during the arrest. They did not identify the man, only saying he is an American.” Medical cannabis and industrial hemp are both legal in Colombia, but the country continues to impose a ban on recreational marijuana.  But as CBS notes, the country has “long struggled to control the trafficking, manufacturing and/or possession of narcotics within its borders.” “Late last year, the Colombian Navy intercepted a shipwrecked boat carrying 33 kilograms of cocaine and 744 kilograms of marijuana,” the network said. “The South American nation is the world’s largest exporter of cocaine – almost 90% of the cocaine sold in the United States each year arrives from Colombia.” Lawmakers in Colombia considered a proposal last year to legalize adult-use marijuana and commercial sales.  But in December, members of the Colombian senate “rejected the proposed legislation aimed to legalize adult-use cannabis in the country,” according to Forbes. “The proposed legislation faced a setback in the Senate on December 12 during the plenary session in its attempt to regulate the adult use and commercialization of cannabis. During the plenary session, a proposal to archive the bill submitted by Senator Karina Espinosa from the Liberal Party right before the formal debate began received 45 positive votes,” Forbes reported at the time. “Following the vote, Senator María José Pizarro, who spearheaded the project, spoke before the plenary session. She vehemently criticized the senators who supported archiving the project, attributing blame to the Senate for enabling organized groups to profit and condemning youth and consumers to the influence of illicit traders and drug traffickers.” A different legalization proposal met the same fate in June, when the Colombian Senate voted down a proposal to allow the sale of weed. Colombian President Gustavo Petro, who was elected in 2022, has spoken in favor of legalizing and commercializing marijuana in the country.  In October, Petro recounted a visit to New York City, where he smelled marijuana burning wherever he went. “Marijuana is sold today in Times Square,” Petro said, as quoted by Marijuana Moment. “It smelled on all the streets, all the way around the corner, and they sold it…like any other product. I suppose they charge taxes and that New York City or the state of New York lives partially from them.” Petro, Colombia’s first leftist president, went on to criticize the United States for its role in the drug war. “That’s where the war on drugs began,” Petro said, according to Marijuana Moment. “How many people have been imprisoned? How many people have died? Because undoubtedly illegality brought violence.” As one of the world’s leading producers of the coca bush, Colombia has long been associated with cocaine trafficking. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, an estimated “63,660 of the country’s households were involved in the cultivation of that illicit crop.” “This has led the Government and the international community to design an innovative programme that also addresses security issues. In 2012, the area under coca crop cultivation in Colombia fell by a quarter to 48,000 hectares (ha), down from 64,000 ha in 2011,” the UN said.  “Experience has shown that it is not enough to eradicate illicit drug crops to bring about a lasting solution to the problem. This is why UNODC supports the Government’s efforts to assist farmers who give up cultivating coca bush through alternative development initiatives such as the Forest Warden Families Programme and the Productive Projects Programme. These initiatives ensure that former coca bush farmers have legal and adequate incomes. These rural activities are integrated into broader socio-economic development strategies and benefit rural, indigenous and Afro-Colombian populations.” The United Nations estimates that “the area under coca bush cultivation in Colombia has declined by 15 per cent from 73,000 hectares in 2009 to 62,000 hectares in 2010.”  “During the last decade (2000 to 2010), cultivation levels have been reduced significantly by 62 %. These declines signal an advance of sustainable livelihood programmes and are due mainly to a combination of alternative development and law enforcement measures,” the report said.

https://hightimes.com/

U.K. Researchers Report Finding Xylazine in Illicit Weed Vapes

Researchers in the United Kingdom have detected the presence of the powerful sedative xylazine in cannabis vapes and illicit pills taken to treat pain, insomnia and anxiety, putting people who use the tainted drugs at risk of overdose or other serious health consequences. The prevalence of xylazine has been growing since 2022, according to researchers at Kings College London, when the first overdose death from the drug in the U.K. was identified.  Xylazine, a powerful non-opioid sedative commonly used as a veterinary tranquilizer, has been found in the drug supply in the United States for years. It is frequently mixed with heroin or fentanyl and has been implicated in thousands of overdose deaths nationwide, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Although it is commonly found in the illicit drug supply, xylazine has not been approved for use in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The drug is a powerful sedative that can cause overdose and death, often when mixed with other drugs. Additionally, injecting the drug can cause skin ulcers and resulting complications including infections that sometimes necessitate amputation. In the U.K., researchers have found xylazine in THC vapes and counterfeit prescription drugs including codeine, alprazolam (Xanax) and diazepam (Valium) tablets, according to a study published on Wednesday. The research identified xylazine in samples collected from 16 people in the U.K., including 11 who had died. “Xylazine has already penetrated the U.K. illicit drug market and is not limited to heroin supplies. Urgent action is needed to protect both people who use heroin and the wider population of people who use drugs from its acute and chronic health harms,” the researchers wrote. In nine of the 11 confirmed deaths, xylazine was found in combination with an opioid such as heroin or fentanyl. Researchers say the lack of such a combination in the remaining two deaths suggests that xylazine may have been part of an illicit tablet or vape. “This is cause for alarm as a much wider population of people who use drugs beyond heroin users will be exposed to its harms,” said Dr. Caroline Copeland, senior author of the study, told The Guardian. “We also know that most people who buy heroin will not intend to buy xylazine and this combination increases the risk of overdose,” Copeland added. “Xylazine was designated an ‘emerging threat’ to the United States and this public health threat is a growing concern for the U.K.” Copeland added that the total number of deaths in the U.K. is probably even higher because xylazine stays in the body for only a short time. Since August 2023, the last death covered by the research, “we’ve had several more deaths so it is only continuing and increasing,” the researcher said. Dr. Benjamin Caplan, M.D., the chief medical officer at cannabis consultations provider CED Clinic and the author of The Doctor-Approved Cannabis Handbook, says that the “discovery of xylazine in counterfeit codeine, diazepam (Valium) tablets, and recently within THC vapes — particularly those sourced from home-grown suppliers — is particularly troubling.” “These counterfeit products, often look like products sold from reputable sources, and so they may appear safe, but in fact may pose a grave threat to unsuspecting consumers,” Caplan, who was not involved in the U.K. study, wrote in an email to High Times. “My professional experience includes dealing with the aftermath of such substances, including patients who have suffered or even lost loved ones to adulterated products that they purchased outside of regulated dispensaries, which are closely monitored to avoid any such contamination.” A U.K. government spokesperson said that officials “are aware of the threat from xylazine and are determined to protect people from the threat posed by this drug and other illicit synthetic drugs.” “We will not hesitate to act to keep the public safe,” the spokesperson said. “Following advice from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, we intend to make xylazine a class C drug meaning anyone supplying this substance will face up to 14 years in prison, a fine or both.” But study co-author Dr. Adam Holland, a co-chair of the drugs special interest group at the University of Bristol, said the increase in drug contamination and overdose deaths is a clear sign that punitive drug laws are not working. “We need to expand the range of harm reduction interventions available for people who use drugs, including drug checking and overdose prevention centers, to give them the opportunities they need to stay safe,” Holland said.

https://hightimes.com/

Alabama Bill Would Reboot Medical Cannabis Licensing Process

The Alabama Senate Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry Committee (SACFC) recently passed a bill to finally get the state’s medical cannabis program rolling. Sen. Tim Melson is the legislator who sponsored Senate Bill 46 three years ago, which eventually was passed into law as the Medical Cannabis Act 2021-450 after Gov. Kay Ivey signed it in May 2021. Most recently, Melson introduced Senate Bill 306 on April 9 to push the program forward after years of delays. “We got this done in three years,” Melson said of his legislation. “It’s taken this long to get this to the patients who are out there that need it, and it’s just time to correct this course and get them something to help them in their illness.” According to Alabama Daily News, Melson believes that the program needs to restart in order to correct various issues. “We tried to find a solution to getting a product to market, but this goes back to the old joke: you got one job, and you blew it,” said Melson. “The commission had one mission, and they have not executed it. I think in the best interest of this program, we need to start from scratch, we need to throw [out] every license applicant that received [a license]. This bill just wipes the slate clean.” Currently, the Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission (AMCC) can only license five “integrated facility licenses” to cultivate, process, and sell medical cannabis. According to The Birmingham News, more than 30 companies have applied for a license. If SB-306 is passed, it would create a three-step process to approving licenses. First, a five-member panel (appointed by the Alabama Securities Commission) will decide if an applicant is eligible for a license. This includes basic information such as residency verification, background checks, business plan, and proof of capital. Second, the review panel will determine if the applicant can get cultivation and dispensing operations going within 60 days of receiving a license, and also must be able to dispense cannabis products to five sites within six months of receiving a license. All cannabis must be grown “using artificial light exclusively or as a supplement to natural sunlight,” and cannot be grown outdoors or directly in the ground. Other criteria such as a structure plan and security detail.  And finally, the AMCC will provide scores to rank which applicants are most eligible for a license. Additionally, only applicants that applied for an integrated license prior to December 2022 would be eligible under SB-306. So far within the past 10 months, the AMCC has only awarded three licenses. Part of the reason for this includes procedural problems, as well as ongoing lawsuits that have prevented licenses from being granted. Even still, some cannabis business owners aren’t supportive of Melson’s bill. Specialty Medical Products CEO Ray French told The Birmingham News that SB-306 is a setback. “Once the commission took the time to get to know the candidates and actually vet them, see them and understand who they are, they made a decision based on all of the information given to them and picked who they thought were the best candidates to move this needle forward,” French said. French’s company applied and failed to receive a license during the first two rounds of license awards in June and August 2023, but was approved in December 2023. However, none of the chosen applicants have actually received a license due to the ongoing lawsuits, which have placed license approval on hold. “They picked what they felt like were the most qualified candidates,” said French. “And to start over to favor other candidates for whatever reasons and to take away all the control from the commission members themselves is only a setback. It is an unnecessary do-over and a setback and is going to delay the program to the point where it may never take off.” Attorney Will Somerville, representing Alabama Always, which has not yet been approved for a license, said that his client is more supportive of the idea. “Senator Melson did a remarkable job in 2021 helping Alabamians get access to cannabis for their medical needs,” said Somerville. “The Cannabis Commission has had three years to get this program going and it’s still dead in the water. The Commission did not follow the law and the Courts halted the process. Senator Melson has stepped up again this Session with a Bill that will break the logjam and get this medicine to folks that need it.” Aside from the SACFC approving SB-306, it also approved Senate Bill 276 (introduced by Sen. David Sessions) as well. If passed, it would address various AMCC licensing issues, such as increasing the number of integrated licenses to up to 10. However, The Birmingham News reported that those who spoke at the recent meeting opposed SB-276. In response to Melson’s bill, Sessions explained that they both have similar goals. “I know where your heart is and I think we’re aligned,” Sessions commented. “Our main goal is to try and get this out of court and get it up and running.”

https://hightimes.com/

Hunting the Best: Thoughts On Judging, Awards, and their Agency

Before we get into this I want to start by addressing an elephant in the room, but something I believe to be a fundamental truth, even if it’s not trendy right now: judging is an essential human act. It is wholly natural, from your surroundings to the things you consume, judging is instinctual – it’s an act that kept our ancestors alive long enough to evolve, and climb to the top of the food chain. It’s how we decide what we like, or don’t. I know we all like to pretend that judging each other is wrong, and we should all be Kumbaya about everything, and while judging people for traits they can’t control like their skin color or body type is in fact lame and something we should evolve past, let’s not forget that judging is something we all do countless times every day. This is true about competitions as well, so it’s no surprise that humans have found ways to compete for awards and crown winners since the beginning of time. And it should be no surprise that there are those of us doing that for weed, as well. Now that that’s settled, and not to sound like too much of a weed snob (though I am), by this point I’ve judged just about every major cannabis competition in the States. From the Cannabis Cup to Zalympix, it seems there’s very little consensus around how this should be done event to event – which is likely why there are so damn many of them now, and why each does it slightly different. New ones pop up to fill the gaps they saw in the old ones, and so on. While I do think some people are doing great work, and High Times is of course the originator of this model in our space, I feel inclined to discuss the differences between them to give those of you at home a better understanding of how this process works – and hopefully call some of the other organizers up to a higher level. Right now the three most visible competitions are – in my mind – High Times’ own Cannabis Cup, the Emerald Cup, and Zalympix. While all are primarily based in California, both the High Times competition and Zalympix tour the country and sometimes world, doing smaller regionally-focused competitions until a national or international one is possible sometime in the future. These competitions all aim to be compliant with local regulations, and restrictions can be heavy. Then there are other notables as well, like Ego Clash, which holds a competition in Barcelona as well as Northern California, and Chalice, which has now evolved into the ‘Best of’ competition series, which has already held a few events on the East Coast. Famed pot-critic Jimi Devine even has his own, dubbed the Transbay Challenge, after its initial pilot pitting SF and Oakland’s best producers against each other, and more are popping up every day like mushrooms. Attending and judging these have become a solid chunk of my calendar each year, and while they’re all fun because I get to smoke a ton of weed, they all take a solid deal of work to complete. I’m not complaining here – it’s an honor every time someone asks – but hopefully addressing this all publicly will help improve the entire process for everyone, and potentially put organizers onto some issues that they could solve with their own. You see, these events don’t just have different trophies, they each have very different formats for judges. While I’m not going to point out the nuanced differences between them individually – or call out any I think are doing it wrong, per se – I do want to call attention to some distinctive details that I believe can significantly dictate the outcome of the event. These include: Before we get to all that though, let’s talk about the merits of a competition in the first place. The first thing that anyone should understand about any particular competition is that its pinnacle of success will only ever be as strong as the trust in the hosting agency. The organizer is what gives it its prestige – it’s the reason why people are swayed by it. If no one knows, or trusts, the competition’s organizers then the trophy is just a hunk of metal. Sure it feels good for the winners at the moment – everyone likes to win something – but the reason why most brands enter these competitions is because they want the award to have some sort of impact on their brand. Maybe it’s increased sales, maybe it’s increased awareness, but none of these brands are just throwing away their products for no reason. If no one has heard of the issuing agent, how much merit does that trophy actually hold?  Next, the breadth of the competition is a cornerstone. If the contestants only represent one sect of the community it will only be respected by that sect, so having an all-encompassing competitor list is paramount. I appreciate that we all think we’re the best or coolest or most important, but the truth of the matter is most of us represent very niche areas of the market, and very few are fully representative. I should clarify that this is extremely hard to do, and impossible legally because of so many potential contestants limited licensure. We try to do this ourselves with our media coverage but there is just SO much happening in this space that even there it’s almost impossible to do – but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t try. If a competition doesn’t provide a true read of the entire market then it’s not really a championship, it’s a divisional at best. Finally, who is actually judging? I know everyone’s going to expect me to say ‘it should be me and my friends, we smoke the most!’, but in truth I believe that an effective judging class should be representative of the entire market, just like the breadth of the competition. If you only have Candy Gas guys judging then you know who the winner will be before the competition starts. If I’m the only judge it will likely be something Z related – or an orange varietal, which I get chewed out for even liking all the time. The point is that by having a variety of judges that each represent a different walk of life you have a much better chance of providing results that the whole community can agree with. This is really what you should be aiming for. The more people who say what you chose to win is lousy, the less they’ll respect what you’re doing, and nobody wants that. Now for the fun stuff – where things really start to go off the rails. The main differences in everyone’s competitions come down to the actual judging process. While there are many different opinions about the process judges should go through when examining and scoring their samples, these are where the details I mentioned earlier come in. I don’t think anyone has effectively nailed all of these conditions yet – some simply due to compliance issues, like with our current People’s Choice model – but in a perfect world, I believe a perfect competition would satisfy all of the below requirements: Blind Judging Blind judging essentially means that the judges are to score the products based on the strength of the product alone, without the sway of branding or marketing. It means you just see every bud through the same lens – that is, a bud in a clear jar with no bells or whistles to woo you. When the Cannabis Cups began, this was how it was done. It was a true battle of the buds – it didn’t matter who grew it, or where it came from, or if the genetics were trendy at the moment – it was about which bud was the best in a sea of buds (the goal of which is not that dissimilar from what we have in the market today). While legal compliance in most states, which says that consumers need to be able to see and understand the product before they consume it, prevents this from happening in most legal markets, this is probably the most important aspect in having a truly unbiased competition.  A Gifting / Buying Mix This one is going to be polarizing, but I believe all competitions should have a mix of both ‘earned’ judges and regular consumers who purchase the kit. I believe they should include industry newbies as much as the vets. And I believe they should include consumers – especially those who have little understanding of the grow or extraction process themselves – because if we want the awards to be representative of everyone, everyone’s voice should be counted. Granted we don’t have the budget to do this like a government election and allow every single person a voice in this process – it would simply take forever and there’s not enough of each product to go around and have the producer stay in business  – however, if we’re trying to judge something on behalf of everybody, doesn’t it make sense that everybody’s perspective should be included? Now I know people are going to say ‘leave it to the experts’, but I ask you, are the experts representative of the majority of cannabis consumers? We all know that not to be true. Most of the OGs only want to smoke OG, while spray packs are doing the craziest numbers in the market right now – do we just want to satisfy the heads, or do we really want to understand what the kind of the market is right now? Ample Time with the Entries This is, in my opinion, another one of the most important factors. While I appreciate the marathon judging that happens at some of these events – that is, where you have to go through all the samples during the course of a day, or the event – we MUST remember that the most important thing to judge in this should still be the actual effect of the product, not just the flavor. We only really started smoking for flavor a little over a decade ago, but people have been consuming for the effect forever: we can’t get away from what matters with these things. In a perfect world I think judges should have at least a day with each sample – this is more about making sure there’s no cross contamination in the high than anything else. Obviously we can’t expect heavy smokers to just smoke one thing a day, but if each judge starts their day with a sample and saves the next for the next day that’s probably the closest they’ll get to sober, and thus the closest to a completely fair judgement. When we marathon the colors bleed way too much – after a few samples you’re dealing with entourage highs, not just the effect. This is of course not possible with giant competitions though, so I do believe that regionals into a championship is the most effective way to do this in today’s landscape. The Categories to Measure This has probably the widest variance event to event. Some want scores for several categories, as well as comments, and others just want to know what your top few favorites are. Most use a spreadsheet system and have you score against things like initial look, smell, flavor, burn, and effect. The thing is, I’m not sure all of these should be weighted the same, as the effect and the burn are in my opinion the two most important to the actual consumption experience, though the look and smell are what typically make the sale in the marketplace. Maybe effect and burn should be counted twice while look and smell are only counted once? But then we’re weighing the competition against the details that actually make a sale today. This is definitely an opinion based matter, but if you’re not measuring all of these individually I believe it will be hard to effectively tally the results – especially if you have real variance amongst the judges, or want to award any smaller trophies like the best tasting or best smoking, etc. Using the Data vs. Feelings Finally, how are the scores actually tallied? Now I’m admittedly a data nerd, but this is another one that I don’t think there should be any questions about: if all the judges submit complete unbiased reports on all the entries that should be the only thing that determines the winners. Some competitions hold a final process where judges compare their own findings against those from the other judges in an attempt to create agreement amongst the judges, and for them to highlight any favorites they had to those that may have missed it during their process. To me that’s a flawed premise – you should stick to the numbers and keep conjecture out of it, though I am always happy to sit around a table and yell at each other. However, sticking to the data guarantees the integrity of your competition. I don’t necessarily think it should be publicly released, but it does need to be saved in case anyone wants to call the events results into question. People LOVE to say that the competition is fixed when their favorites lose – this won’t entirely stop them from saying that, but it will eliminate any doubt in any rational person’s mind when you can pull up the data at any time and address each judges findings individually. Again though, don’t walk into the firing squad of giving all that info out to everyone. Now I’m not here to tell you which guy sucks, or crown a competition king – although, I do work for High Times, so obviously that answer is the Cannabis Cup if you’re asking, but I digress.  The long and short of it is that while most of these events are a good time for attendees, and hold some degree of clout for the winners, the truth of it is that they’re always a business themselves. They’re either revenue generators, or near cost-free marketing for a larger entity, so it’s true they’ve all got some other motive besides just wanting to know who the best is, and most have some degree of partiality.  This is why media has historically been the one to hold the events that generate the most attention: we have to be Switzerland in the marketplace, and while of course we as humans all have preferences, if Switzerland is the governing body of a competition, hopefully it’s something that everyone will have faith in. We are used to dealing with sponsors, selling them advertising, and maintaining our objectivity – which is not as easy for event producers who survive off of those fees specifically. This has proved effective across nearly every category, from the Oscars to the weekly Billboard lists. That’s not to say it’s not a revenue generator for us too – and in a world with rapidly shrinking margins, events and features like this have been a lifesaver for many of us – but all areas of this space are getting crowded, and all money wells are drying up.  While I’m not trying to say the media should be the only ones to hold these types of awards (that would be incredibly self serving of me), I am inclined to ask what merit these new pop-ups have, and why their trophies should be valued. If you’re just some guy trying to make money the same way a bunch of other people who are established already are, what makes you special? Hopefully now you new jacks will be able to respond with how you’ve satisfied the above requirements, and some other reasons why your process is better, or more authoritative. If so, I’ll look forward to checking yours out too, but forgive me if I don’t just take your word that you’ve got ‘the new best thing’. I’ve heard that dozens of times before. 

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