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https://hightimes.com/

Panther Power

Paris was born and raised in San Francisco, California, the Bay Area’s big sister city to Oakland, home of the Black Panther Party (BPP). Founded by Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in 1966, the BPP closely monitored the behavior of the Oakland Police Department and fought against police brutality. Paris organically stumbled upon the teachings of the Nation of Islam and the BPP, informing his music and ultimately placing his voice among Public Enemy and other revolutionary hip-hop groups at the time. “I never got into this to be an activist,” he explained. “I just wanted to make music that banged and wasn’t silly; the conscious angle happened organically. I came up on Gil-Scott Heron, Curtis Mayfield. Parliament-Funkadelic, The Isley Brothers and Stevie Wonder—artists who made statements in their own respective ways—and I wanted to have a catalog that wasn’t disposable. Then Public Enemy came out and blew the lid off. That was it for me. After that, I never wanted to waste time on the mic or squander my voice.” And Paris’ voice was loud. His debut album, 1990’s The Devil Made Me Do It, was so controversial, the title track was banned on MTV. Some record stores even refused to carry the album due to its graphic cover art featuring a police officer placing a young Black boy in a chokehold. But like any provocative art, Paris’ work created a conversation and boldly reminded America just how racist and corrupt it is, especially on songs such as “Panther Power” and “The Hate That Hate Made.” The senseless police killings of Black citizens such as George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and Elijah McClain continue to reverberate throughout the country as people grapple with the overt racism still prevalent in a post-Trump America. Needless to say, Paris has work to do. In October 2020, he returned with Safe Space Invader, the follow-up to 2015’s Pistol Politics. Par for the course, the 10-track project took aim at current socio-political issues that, sadly, still resonate today. As the title suggests, “Baby Man Hands” directly addressed the former president, but Paris says he was only a “symptom” of what America has always been about—’’racism and class warfare.” He believes Joe Biden is essentially cut from the same cloth. “Biden is no different,” he said. “The racism is less overt and Kamala Harris is a worthless straw man. People, in general, stay disappointed and chronically divided in this country because its societal mechanisms are never intended to provide real relief; there’s always something or someone preventing change that actually helps people. Culture wars are inflamed to provide a necessary diversion for America to continue doing what she’s always done—infect other countries with imperialism, wage war and seize resources.” If Paris sounds like he’s spent ample time researching the issues that plague the nation, it’s because he has. Armed with a degree in economics from the University of California-Davis, the studious MC religiously used his music as a vehicle for educating the masses while educating himself. Three decades later, Paris’ politically-charged hip-hop can be heard on the FX series Uncovered, the Netflix documentary Biggie: I Got A Story To Tell and the Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson-fronted sitcom Young Rock, to name a few. “It feels excellent on the one hand that productions are using material from my catalog and spotlighting my newer music,” he said. “It’s all bad at the same time, though, because social conditions haven’t improved. The fact that the content on these songs is still relevant is a shame, really. Racism, classism, police brutality, war, poverty, gentrification—they’re all still issues that are going on, increasing in many cases.” Naturally, Paris has his opinions when it comes to the cannabis industry, too, saying he’s all for it even though his smoking days are behind him. “I used to smoke a tiny bit in high school a thousand years ago [laughs],” he recalled. “But then I got involved heavily in religion for a spell and pretty much stopped everything. Then I left religion and never really tripped off of weed for the longest. Now, I have some edibles around the house for hijinks every now and then, but nothing serious. “I will say I’m feelin’ the decriminalization of it and the widespread acceptance and profitability it’s brought about. A lotta my peers are doing well with cannabis—[Cypress Hill’s] B-Real, Xzibit and Kurupt and gang of others. If we can get a fed law passed embracing it, we’ll ease concerns a lot of people still have about its long-term viability from a business standpoint and from law enforcement; that and a retroactive dismissal of weed-related convictions would be the shit.” Meanwhile, Paris is juggling his own endeavors at Guerrilla Funk Recordings, a label he’s owned since 2002. Artists such as Public Enemy, George Clinton, E-40, The Coup, dead prez, Immortal Technique, Tha Eastsidaz, The Conscious Daughters, DJ True Justice, Mystic and MC Ren are among the many notable artists who found a home at the imprint. “I started Guerrilla Funk in response to the constrictive cultural environment that we found ourselves in during the aftermath of the 9/11 terror shit,” he said. “Artists who expressed dissent were systematically silenced by self-imposed censorship at many labels, so I created a lane with Guerrilla Funk to provide many voices a platform.” He’s also waist-deep in multiple television projects that are in development but not quite ready to be unveiled. “There’s a lot I can’t really go into,” he admitted. “I continue to license material out of Guerrilla Funk’s catalog, of which I own 100 percent. Additionally, I’ve contributed music recently to Blindspotting on STARZ, All Day and a Night on Netflix, The Purge series, The Deuce on Showtime, Get Shorty on Epix and more.” Putting that economics degree to good use. he continued, “This is a prime example of why it’s important for artists to maintain ownership of what we create, to properly register and protect our rights, and to maintain our publishing and the administration of our works. You don’t have to be a loud peacock and clout-chase in the industry to create a profitable lane, but you do need to handle business wisely.” While Paris has built a lucrative career for himself independently, there are plenty of people who perhaps aren’t aware of just how much he’s contributed to hiphop culture. In 2016, the late Nipsey Hussle and Compton rapper YG dropped a song via Def Jam Recordings called “FDT (Fuck Donald Trump),” a scathing, anti-Trump anthem. The bones of the song were pulled from The Conscious Daughters’ track “Something To Ride To (Fonky Expedition),” which Paris produced for the duo’s 1993 debut, Ear To The Street—and that’s just one example. “I don’t know if people are aware of my contributions,” he said with a laugh. “I just feel fortunate to have avoice. I’ve sold millions of records and am comfortable with the fact that I haven’t sold out my values or beliefs in the process. Besides, when all is said and done, the only thing that matters is control. Those who have control will be the ones who benefit the most. They’ll also be the ones who write the history of this slice of culture we call hip-hop. That’s why control is important.” Although Paris isn’t exactly sold on the idea of releasing another solo album, he’s not short on studio time. The 53-year-old is living out his childhood dreams by producing an album for Parliament-Funkadelic, some of his musical heroes. “Hopefully, that will be approved as a Parliament album, a throwback to the Funkentelechy and MotorBooty Affair-era when they had hits like ‘Flashlight’ and ‘Aqua Boogie,’ shit I grew up on,” he said. “It’s a bucket list project for me that continues the mythology of Dr. Funkenstein, Sir Nose and Starchild. Those who know, know.” But Paris’ work is far from over. Mainstream rap music sorely lacks any kind of political voice like the one that put Public Enemy and Paris in the hip-hop history books—and he suspects he knows why. “People can’t miss what they never knew and because outlets pay attention to and embolden the bullshit that’s out,” he concluded. “The streets don’t dictate the culture—corporations do. The streets simply respond to what’s given. And what’s given is accepted as the new normal because, to many people, there’s no visible alternative. But there is. And we are.” FACTOID: Paris was dropped from Tommy Boy Records and distributor Warner Bros, in 1992, just as his sophomore album, Sleeping with the Enemy, was ready for release. Time Warner, Warner Bros, parent company, had discovered the album included fantasy revenge killings of then-President Bush and racist police officers. They also took issue with the album insert, which depicted Paris waiting behind a tree, holding a TEC-9, as the president was waving to the crowd. This article was originally published in the December 2021 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

From the Archives: African Khat (1978)

By A. Craig Copetas and Gary Putka Khat: the cocaine of Africa—the mint green leaf of the shrub Catha edulis—is a way of life in the new nation of Djibouti and the ancient land of Yemen. Grown on large farms resembling old-world tea plantations in Ethiopia’s rainy and embattled southeastern Harrar Province, its rough, bushy plant also thrives in the cool mountains of Yemen, where glossy-eyed Arabs ruminate its invigorating leaf like so many campesinos chewing coca. After cultivation and harvest, branches of leaves are rushed to Diredawa, Ethiopia’s civil-war-torn transportation hub, for the night flight to clients across the Djibouti frontier. In Yemen the precious crop comes down from the mountains the quickest way possible, for the khat leaf is perishable and must remain fresh or lose its potency. It’s efficacy after cutting lasts for roughly 24 hours, and then only if the leaves are kept moist. Not even the Somali-led insurgency in southeast Ethiopia has interrupted the rapid transshipment from Diredawa to Djibouti. The khat run has been a twice-daily affair on Ethiopian Airlines. It is so lucrative that African observers are confident it will continue unhindered even if the Somalians win the siege of Diredawa. Meanwhile, the cargo is increasing daily and stands presently at eight tons a day. When khat arrives in Djibouti, the normally listless tropical port explodes into a bustling metropolis. By late morning, motorbikes, trucks and cars carrying wholesale traders make the three-mile speedway dash to the airport to buy up the natural stimulant by the bag as soon as it is offloaded. Although khat has been illegal in Djibouti ever since the country gained its independence in 1976, the newly-vested authorities have followed the colonial French example of looking the other way. Indeed, using the tactics employed by the Americans in Vietnam, France tacitly encouraged the chewing to keep the natives quiet. In the century of French occupation, the use of khat in the former territory of the Afars and Issas grew from an occasional diversion for a few Issas tribesmen to a national pastime for the male population. Today French soldiers are on hand at Djibouti’s airport to help the importers carry away the prize goods for street auction. Buyers flock around the sunsheltered stalls to bid for bags. In less than 20 minutes the airport is empty again, as buyers rush back to town. The first to return is thought to have the freshest load to offer retailers, who sell khat from mini-stands or stalls throughout the city. Women, according to tradition, abstain from chewing khat because they don’t like the taste. Men of all ages start their daily dreams at noon, after the airport rush, when the stuff is readily available on the street. The khat habit puts some families in a bind, as a bunch costs nine French francs ($2), a third of a day’s wages for most laborers. There are many unemployed in the new nation, but the chewing tradition hasn’t changed, so such purchases impose a hardship on the poor families who make up most of the khat-consuming population in the tiny republic. In turn, khat provides a relief for the unemployed, helping them forget their troubles. To sit all afternoon chewing khat until the sun goes down at dinnertime is as common in Djibouti as decadent café life in Paris. Chewing takes place only after the user selects the good leaves and casts off the undesirable ones with the stems. As with coca, the mastication process slowly takes place as the wad of leaves is alternately chomped and swished around until it dissolves and a new supply is needed. Most chewers prefer to use only one cheek for their khat, causing a sort of national epidemic of “hamster” facial malformations. Khat also colors teeth a yellowish green. Coca-Cola or Pepsi is sipped along with the hr outage, for the combination of caffeine and khat makes an exciting high. In addition, users like to smoke contraband American cigarettes with their afternoons of fun and forgetting. Khat has been classified by the French Narcotics Bureau in the B category (marijuana has the same classification), meaning that possession can be subject to fine or jail. The stimulant is legal in the United States, but climatic conditions in most of the country do not favor its cultivation. As no formal studies of khat have ever been made, long-term effects of its use are not known. The new government in Djibouti, under President Hassan Gouled, has hinted that it would take measures against the khat traffic. Government ministers, however, have had their own special loads of leaf flown to them at conferences in other parts of Africa and Europe. Just across the border in Ethiopia, growers are happy their produce is still a cherished item in Djibouti, for without the foreign buyers they would be hard-put to find a new market. Only a small amount is chewed in Ethiopia, and the government is not too happy about the profitable crop. Peasants devote huge acreages to khat, depleting land needed for vital food crops. In the past, fresh leaves were transported by train, but a group of rebels blew up a bridge on the strategic railway between Djibouti and Ethiopia in June 1977, and the line has not been repaired. So now the air run is the only practical route to convey fresh khat to Djibouti. Nomads sometimes traverse the desert border by night in illegal camel caravans that arrive the next morning with small loads. Last year Ethiopia exported 1,400 tons of khat by air, which represents more than a quarter of Djibouti’s foreign agricultural imports, listed at 5,400 tons annually. No one knows how many tons of leaf reach the new republic clandestinely. The khat scene in the Yemeni capital of Sana is similar to Djibouti’s, but with several picturesque and debilitating differences. Unlike Djibouti, Sana has special khat houses, seedy cafés or inns found off the sidewalk, where users may take their daily doses while puffing on water pipes and drinking cola for more soothing kicks. You can buy khat over the counter in these funduks and even chew all night with lodgings at your disposal for the total lull. The situation is more intense in Sana because khat chewing has engulfed the town with funduks, enticing users to so cialize with other chewers and communi cate with the madhar (water pipe) that replaces the American cigarette used in Djibouti. The inns encourage more inten sive and numerous uses of khat, but the biggest reason why users outnumber their kind in lJjibouti is that a bunch of leaves costs about half as much. Yemen, directly across the straits of Bab a! Mandeb from Ethiopia and Djibouti, grows its own khat bushes in a similar climate, but there is no foreign commerce in the leaf. The bushes grow in the mountains where the famous mocha coffee once thrived. But the coffee is slowly disappearing because Yemeni farmers have decided to concentrate on the profitable, easy-to-care-for khat, planting seedlings as soon as a row is plowed. Because khat can be cut easily and is sold quickly on a daily basis, business is booming. As soon as the crops are cut. baskets come down from the mountains, sometimes in cars, jeeps or trucks, sometimes on muleback, to be sold in the open market and at street stalls or in specialty shops that sell nothing else. Farmers usually deliver the crop directly, and they must pay a fixed “khat tax.” according to the weight of a load entering Sana. As in Djibouti, it’s a mad rush to town before noon to catch the first customers with the freshest batches, wrapped in husks to keep them moist. Yemenis stop work promptly at 12:00. rush to the nearest market and buy their daily needs. The stalls and shops are only open for 12 to 14 hours for the quick sales of leaves cut in fields early that morning. Khat time in Yemen is midday to midnight. People rush home to chew their troubles away or share them at the local funduk. Because of this tradition, nothing is open after noon, and even offices close down until the following morning. Everyone chews—workers, policemen, soldiers, bureaucrats and merchants. In Sana there is even a minority of women who indulge, a rare instance of nondiscrimination in the sexist Arab world. The government that came to power in 1974 would like Yemenis to kick the habit and transform plantations back to fruit and coffee crops, something which may be physically impossible to do because the land has been ravaged by so many years of khat growing. Khat was once a social problem for the neighboring People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen), the only Marxist Arab state, but the government outlawed it. However, users in South Yemen so far have had no need to fear any legal reprisals. Although khat is forbidden there, it is tolerated. In northern Somalia, which has a climate like neighboring Ethiopia, some khat is grown but there are few chewers. Djibouti, Yemen and Ethiopia are the only countries in the world where significant amounts of khat are consumed, posing a sociological problem for the Horn of Africa, now in the throes of violent military problems. As the military situation worsens, some top officials are pleased to ignore the favorite pastime of euphoric citizens, and an increasing number are glad to join them for the traditional, allday high. Read the full issue here.

https://hightimes.com/

Investigation Finds Pesticides in California Licensed Vapes

An investigation into the safety of cannabis products for sale on the shelves of licensed California pot dispensaries has revealed unsafe levels of pesticides that exceed state limits for marijuana or federal standards for tobacco products. The investigation, which was carried out by the Los Angeles Times in collaboration with cannabis news outlet WeedWeek, found that vapes and pre-rolled joints from some of California’s most popular legal weed brands were contaminated with chemicals that could cause illness or injury. Most of the pesticides found during the investigation were present in low concentrations that risk long-term harm with repeated use of the contaminated products. However, some products tested had levels of pesticides that can potentially cause harm with a single use, particularly among susceptible individuals. Some individual products contained as many as two dozen pesticides, the investigation revealed. “Twenty-five of 42 legal cannabis products that The Times and WeedWeek purchased from retail stores and had tested at private labs showed concentrations of pesticides either above levels the state allows or at levels that exceed federal standards for tobacco,” the Los Angeles Times wrote in its report on the investigation. “The contaminants include chemicals tied to cancer, liver failure, thyroid disease and genetic and neurologic harm to users and unborn children.” The investigation determined that vapes from five popular cannabis brands contained pesticide levels that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard for the risk of harm from a single exposure. Using such products could irritate the lungs, throat or eyes and cause other unwanted effects such as headaches, rashes, abdominal pain and diarrhea.  The investigation’s findings are consistent with complaints filed by two independent cannabis testing laboratories over the last eight months to report contaminated products reported by other labs to be safe. According to the two labs, as many as 250,000 vapes and pre-rolls on cannabis dispensary shelves could be contaminated with pesticides. The report notes that public records, lab testing results and interviews show that California regulators have largely failed to act on the reports of widespread contamination of cannabis products. After the complaints from the two independent labs, state regulators issued one product recall and removed three others from stores with an administrative order that remains confidential. Josh Swider, the chief executive of Infinite Chemical Analysis Labs in San Diego, filed many of the complaints reporting the presence of pesticides in cannabis products that had been tested and certified as safe by other labs. After becoming frustrated that regulators were not doing more, he sent a summary of the complaints to California Governor Gavin Newsom and the state Department of Cannabis Control in December. “Those failing products alone represented 150,000 packages of flower, vapes or pre-rolls for sale to unsuspecting consumers,” Swider wrote. “The government’s responsibility does not end after writing regulation,” he added. After Swider’s letter, regulators issued one additional product recall for pesticide contamination. The remaining products his lab identified as contaminated were allowed to remain on dispensary shelves. None of California’s labs licensed to test cannabis products has been accredited to test for pesticides. The state also has no system in place for the routine testing of products on store shelves, despite a recommendation from the Cannabis Regulators Association for such testing. “California is dropping the ball on enforcement where public health is concerned,” said cannabis researcher Cindy Orser, a former director of a private California cannabis testing lab. California regulations require labs to test cannabis for 66 pesticides, a list that has not been updated since 2018 to reflect current practices in the cannabis industry. The investigation found seven pesticides not on the state list in cannabis products, despite information that the chemicals can cause harm including liver cancer and disruptions to the endocrine system.  A vape from Stiiizy, California’s top-selling cannabis brand, contained more than 60 times the federal government’s maximum level set for cigarettes for the pesticide pymetrozine, a chemical banned by Canada, the United Kingdom and Norway. However, since the state does not require cannabis products to be tested for pymetrozine, the vape complies with California regulations. “We adhere to all standards and limits set by the State of California, which has some of the strictest testing requirements and pesticide limits in the country,” Stiiizy President Tak Sato said in a statement emailed to the Los Angeles Times. The DCC declined to schedule an interview to respond to the investigation’s findings. The agency also refused to release records of internal and external communications or discussions of pesticide contamination. Additionally, the department declined to share information about its ability to test cannabis for contamination, citing the possibility that such information could be used by unscrupulous businesses determined to evade detection. The agency refused to provide the results of pesticide tests performed by other state agencies and declined to provide safety certificates for cannabis products on dispensary shelves. The DCC also did not provide information on what action has been taken on the at least 85 complaints of contamination submitted to the agency or if any of the products had been removed from the market. “When we receive complaints, we swiftly assess them, conduct appropriate investigations, and take appropriate action,” the agency’s press office said in an email to the Los Angeles Times. The DCC is currently in the process of rolling out market tests for pesticides in California cannabis products. In a recent email to licensees, the agency warned cannabis companies that testing for pesticide contamination and enforcement of the state’s standards would be ramped up. “In the coming weeks, the DCC is slated to bring additional testing capacity online to further bolster existing compliance actions and expand efforts to address pesticide contamination,” the agency wrote in its email.  These actions may include additional product embargos, voluntary and mandatory recalls, and disciplinary actions against licensees.” Until the system is in place, however, there will still be no system for the routine safety testing of cannabis products once they make it to dispensary shelves.

https://hightimes.com/

North Carolina Legislators Build Regulations for Hemp-Derived Consumables

On June 12, the North Carolina House Judiciary Committee discussed House Bill 563, which would implement a new law banning the sale of hemp-derived consumables to anyone under 17 years of age (unless consent is offered by a parent or guardian). One of the bill’s primary sponsors, Rep. Jeff McNeely, told the committee how his bill has progressed since he first introduced it. “When I started naively, I thought I just wanted to make sure that a 10-year-old kid can’t walk into a smoke shop and buy some of these products,” McNeely said. Now the bill spans 17 pages, with numerous inclusions to regulate hemp-derived products for youth. “Research is suggesting that around three-fourths of our youth are finding their way to marijuana by ways of these type products that are in smoke shops and convenience stores,” he added. According to NC News Line, if passed the bill would require that both manufacturers and distributors would be required to apply for a state license in order to start selling by July 1. Lab testing would also be required under the bill. More restrictions would implement a ban on edibles that are shaped similarly to animals or cartoon characters. It would also require manufacturers to create child-proof packaging and a label with information about included ingredients and allergens. Additionally, a warning label would be required to inform the consumer that they shouldn’t drive or operate heavy machinery while consuming. North Carolina Retail Merchants Association senior director, Elizabeth Robinson, expressed support on behalf of her association. “We appreciate the framework for legitimate businesses to continue to operate responsibly and at the same time regulate those bad actors that, as he said, unfortunately have some of these products getting in the hands of our youth,” Robinson said. Recently, the bill was amended on June 12 as well, which would require that both public and charter schools write policies that ban both tobacco and hemp-derived consumables from being present on school campuses or any related events. This bill has developed in part because of the rise in youth gaining access to psychoactive cannabis consumables. In December 2023, seven middle school kids were taken to the hospital due to consuming an infused rice krispy treat. Two other students were arrested for supplying THC-infused edibles along with psilocybin mushrooms, which was later confirmed to be a “planned” activity by the group of kids. McNeely answered questions at the most recent hearing from other representatives such as Rep. Marcia Morey. “Are the penalties consistent with what it is for small amounts of marijuana?” Morey inquired. “No ma’am, they’re really not,” McNeely said in response. “I kind of look at this product like non-alcoholic beer. If it’s made right, there’s really nothing there that’s criminal or wrong. It’s when it’s not made right that we have our issue.” McNeely is pushing for the North Carolina Department of Agriculture to take up responsibility for proper testing. “Department of Ag says they don’t have the abilities, the time, the people to be able to do this,” McNeely said. “So, the only way I knew to rope this in for a smaller amount of money was to put harsh enforcement on the backside, hoping that the players in the game will play by the rules and clean up whatever it’s not doing right.” Rep. David Willis also asked McNeely about how the testing process works and who would pay for it. Currently, the manufacturer of the cannabis product would test the products before it can be distributed. After that, it is the responsibility of the North Carolina Alcohol Law Enforcement (ALE). McNeely added that the bill would give $500,000 to ALE in order to cover the testing costs. Willis also asked if there was a way to have the cannabis industry pay for that instead of taxpayers, which McNeely confirmed is a hopeful outcome. “We’re hoping that the industry will end up being able to fund these agents and the sampling, and all once this bill gets going,” McNeely explained. “But we had to have some start money to get it going.” ALE will publish its first annual report to the General Assembly starting in January 2025, which will include “enforcement efforts,” according to NC News Line. If passed, HB-563 would take effect starting in July 2024. “I understand that there’s stuff in the pipeline. We’re not asking anybody to go just rip everything off the shelf,” McNeely said. “We’re giving them time to do that.” The bill will be considered by the House Appropriations committee next. While North Carolina legislators are working toward protecting children from hemp-derived consumables, the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) recently opened the state’s first medical cannabis dispensary in April. Medical cannabis is currently not legalized in North Carolina otherwise, but EBCI now allows medical cannabis cardholders to purchase medical cannabis on tribal land.

https://hightimes.com/

Massachusetts Cannabis Agency Approves Transfer of Cannabis to Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket

Residents of Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket, the islands off the coast of Massachusetts, recently spoke up about the need to permit medical cannabis to be transported across the waters of the Vineyard Sound. Currently, that waterway falls under federal jurisdiction, and the Cannabis Control Commission (CCC) has a rule in place that prevents cannabis from being transported across water or via airspace. Fortunately for residents, the CCC changed this rule on June 13 so that cannabis products can now be shipped on a “sea worthy vessel” through the waters that separate the islands from mainland Massachusetts, which took effect on June 14. According to the Boston Globe, CCC Commissioner Bruce Stebbins described the change as “a very important step” to assisting the islands’ 500 medical and adult-use cannabis consumers, as well as the limited cannabis business owners who opened up shop there. “Patient access… has always been a priority,” said Stebbins. “And combatting the illicit market—making sure it does not affect Nantucket and the Vineyard—is also critical.” One of the medical cannabis dispensaries on Martha’s Vineyard, Island Time, is owned by Geoff Rose, who praised the CCC in taking action. “Today is a great day in providing equity for operators on the island,” he told the Boston Globe. “I appreciate the efforts of the CCC commissioners and staff to address this very important issue — one that has been long overdue for attention.” Rose also took to social media on Jun 14 to expand upon the news. “It came down to the wire, but the Cannabis Control Commission has taken action to preserve cannabis on Martha’s Vineyard by authorizing the transport of products from the mainland,” Rose said in a video. “The outpouring of local support at the commission’s public meeting last week was evident. Patients, patient advocates, an authorizing physician, and dispensary staff really articulated the crisis and the impact on patients and customers. This is a win for the Vineyard community that will result in new products, greater choice, and greater value.” He added that Island Time will reopen within a few days, although he didn’t offer an official opening date. The struggle began on Martha’s Vineyard’s in May when the owner of the island’s only cannabis production license, Fine Fettle, announced it would be closing. “Very sadly, we have had to make the decision to slow down and then ultimately shut down operations on the Vineyard,” said president Benjamin Zachs. It was the only source of cannabis product production where Island Time could obtain its legal products to sell, and one of only two dispensaries on Martha’s Vineyard. Without a source of products, and with transporting cannabis products via boat being illegal at the time, Rose asked the CCC to help. However, the agency originally rejected the idea, claiming that the waters between Martha’s Vineyard and Massachusetts falls under federal ownership (aka the U.S. Coast Guard) and thus would be federally illegal to transport cannabis products. Rose ordered cannabis to be delivered by ferry, and the CCC gave a warning to both Rose and his unnamed supplier. Frustrated and without a source to continue running his business, Rose alongside The Green Lady (another local cannabis business in Nantucket) introduced a lawsuit to attempt to find a solution. The lawsuit called for an injunction that would allow for cannabis to be delivered to the island. “[Island Time] is being starved to death by the Commission’s arbitrary, unreasonable and inconsistent policy against transporting marijuana and marijuana products over state territorial waters,” Rose explained. The lawsuit helped push the CCC to come to a solution not only to prevent cannabis businesses from closing down, but also to prevent medical cannabis patients from not being able to access their medicine. “If we do nothing, you are going to have 234 patients with no medical access on the Island. That’s the reality of it,” said CCC commissioner Kimberly Roy at the time. The Green Lady is owned by Nicole Campbell, who operates cannabis dispensaries in Nantucket as well as in Newton. “People on the islands do not want to feel cut off from access to things that other people take for granted,” Campbell said in May. According to the CommonWealth Beacon, the attorney representing Island Time and The Green Lady, Adam Fine, confirmed that the lawsuit will be dropped now that the CCC has implemented changes. Roy praised the swift action taken by the CCC. “This was turned around in a really quick time frame,” Roy said. “At the end of the day, this was about public health and public safety and patients and consumers alike having access to safely regulated products.” Fine Fettle’s general manager, Chloe Loftfield, also provided a brief statement about the resolution. “It really is a positive change and we’re really hopeful that this means a bright future for cannabis on Martha’s Vineyard,” Loftfield said.

https://hightimes.com/

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore To Issue Mass Pardon of 175,000 Cannabis Convictions

A blanket pardon of cannabis-related conviction will help to clean up some of the mess impacting the state of Maryland due to cannabis laws that disproportionately affect communities of color. Maryland Gov. Wes Moore announced Monday that he will be issuing pardons for over 175,000 cannabis convictions, in an executive order. “I’m ecstatic that we have a real opportunity with what I’m signing to right a lot of historical wrongs,” Moored told the Washington Post. “If you want to be able to create inclusive economic growth, it means you have to start removing these barriers that continue to disproportionately sit on communities of color.” Moore is the only Black governor of any U.S. state, and the mass pardon falls on the same week as Juneteenth—a national holiday that symbolizes the end of slavery. The symbolic move to pardon cannabis convictions that impact communities of color greater sends a message. Over 150,000 of the convictions eligible for pardon are misdemeanors for simple possession of cannabis, and another 18,000 misdemeanors are for use or possession with intent to use drug paraphernalia. The city of Baltimore alone makes up about a quarter of the entire list of convictions being pardoned, the governor’s office said. Gov. Moore released a video of the executive order announcement Monday.  A pardon is defined as an act of complete forgiveness that absolves a person from the guilt of a criminal offense, and only a governor has the constitutional power to grant pardons.  And while a pardon restores the civil liberties that are lost as a result of a conviction, it doesn’t expunge a person’s criminal record. The record remains. Cannabis-related criminal records end up preventing people from getting employment, housing, and education. And as states legalize adult-use of cannabis, others remain behind bars or haunted by cannabis convictions from the past. Only the judicial branch has the power to expunge a record, however expungement laws were amended in 2022 to start wiping out cannabis-related convictions if this was the only crime charged on a person’s record, CBS News reports. It’s one of the country’s biggest acts of clemency to date. Leaders in nine other states and numerous cities have pardoned hundreds of thousands of cannabis convictions in recent years. Massachusetts Gov. Maura Healey, for instance, issued a blanket pardon last March that is also expected to impact hundreds of thousands of people in the state, The Hill reports. But in this case, as Maryland is home to one of the country’s worst examples of disproportionately targeting Black people, representing a move that is greatly needed. “White Maryland residents use cannabis at higher rates than Black residents, but Black people were more than twice as likely to be charged with possession,” the Washington Post reported. It’s one of the key reasons the governor decided to act. State leaders also spoke out about why the pardons are needed, especially now. “While the pardons will extend to anyone and everyone with a misdemeanor conviction for the possession of marijuana or paraphernalia, this unequivocally, without any doubt or reservation, disproportionately impacts—in a good way—Black and Brown Marylanders,” Maryland Attorney General Anthony G. Brown told the Washington Post. “We are arrested and convicted at higher rates for possession and use of marijuana when the rate at which we used it was no different than any other category of people.”  Last Prisoner Project (LPP) issued an announcement detailing the organization’s involvement in the mass pardon. In a symbolic gesture, Gov. Moore granted these historic cannabis pardons using LPP’s “Pen to Right History”—”a pen that loved ones of people impacted by cannabis incarceration around the country have used to write letters to elected officials asking for justice.” The LPP challenges other governors and leaders across the country to use “Pen to Right History” in their own states. LPP launched the Pardons to Progress campaign that has sent tens of thousands of letters to governors across the United States, urging them to act. Gov. Moore’s recent move was included in the LPP’s State of Cannabis Justice Report.  “It has been nearly a year since Maryland passed full cannabis legalization, and at the same time that some are poised to profit off of this burgeoning industry, millions more remain burdened by the collateral consequences of a cannabis conviction,” said LPP Executive Director Sarah Gersten. “LPP is proud to be part of today’s historic announcement which is a crucial step in beginning to right the wrongs of our failed approach to cannabis policy.” To verify if a Maryland resident is part of the mass pardon, they can check online or at a public courthouse kiosk. 

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Odor Alone No Grounds for Warrantless Vehicle Searches, Minnesota Court Rules

Police across the country continue to pull drivers over for one reason, then choose to search their vehicle for an entirely different reason—if it smells like pot. But it isn’t holding up in court as justification for probable cause. A Minnesota Supreme Court ruling, one of several ruling affirming the decision, suggests police in the state will be barred from citing cannabis odor alone as reason to search a vehicle.  The 5-2 decision in State v. Torgerson rules that cannabis odor is insufficient to constitute probable cause for police officers to conduct a warrantless search of a vehicle. The 26-page opinion was written by Justice Anne McKeig and explained the reasons why odor cannot constitute probable cause. In Litchfield, Minnesota in July, 2021, Adam Lloyd Torgerson was driving a car that had a light bar on its grill with more lights than are permitted under state law. A cop saw his car and determined that Torgerson might have an equipment violation. Police say the vehicle’s grill had more auxiliary driving lights than are permitted under Minnesota law under an obscure rule. The officer pulled him over and said he smelled pot, asking Torgerson if there was any reason for the odor. Torgerson said there was not. A second officer arrived and was alerted about the smell. He agreed. A subsequent search found meth and drug paraphernalia, and Torgerson was arrested and charged. While Torgerson happened to be in possession of meth and a pipe. The first officer searched the vehicle and found a film canister, three pipes, and a small plastic bag in the center console. The plastic bag contained a white powder and the film canister contained meth, which was confirmed in a field test. But the officers failed to gather enough probable cause in order to legally search the vehicle, a court ruled.  Torgerson was with his wife and a child, so he was charged with possession of a meth pipe in the presence of a minor and fifth-degree possession of a controlled substance after the unwarranted search of Torgerson’s vehicle. High Times covered the case in September 2023. McKeig ruled that police lacked sufficient probable cause. “The Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the court of appeals affirming the judgment of the district court granting Defendant’s motion to suppress evidence found during a search of his vehicle, holding that the odor of marijuana emanating from a vehicle, alone, is insufficient to create the requisite probable cause to search a vehicle under the automobile exception to the warrant requirement,” McKeig’s opinion summary reads. “After a traffic stop and subsequent search of his vehicle Defendant was convicted of possession of methamphetamine paraphernalia in the presence of a minor and fifth-degree possession of a controlled substance,” the opinion continues. “Defendant moved to suppress the evidence, arguing that the odor of marijuana, alone, is insufficient to create the requisite probable cause to search a vehicle under the automobile exception to the warrant requirement. The district court granted the motion and dismissed the complaint. The court of appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that evidence of medium-strength odor of marijuana, on its own, is insufficient to establish a fair probability that the search would yield evidence of criminally-illegal conduct or drug-related contraband.” In an earlier ruling filed in the State of Minnesota Court of Appeals on Sept. 13, 2023, the Minnesota Supreme Court affirmed that cannabis odor does not constitute probable cause to search a vehicle. MinnPost reports that  authorities are questioning whether odor can be used by police as justification to search vehicles and detain drivers. Tom Gallagher is a cannabis advocate and a practicing defense attorney for 35 years. “It’s a recognition of a big change in marijuana law,” Gallagher told MinnPost. “In law school they talk about line-drawing, where do you draw the line type of problem? Now we know. We’ve drawn the line, finally.” Similar cases impacted people in other states. An Illinois judge, for instance, ruled in 2021 that the odor of cannabis is not sufficient grounds for police to search a vehicle without a warrant during a traffic stop. Daniel J. Dalton, Associate Judge of the 14th Judicial Circuit, issued a ruling in response to a motion to suppress evidence in the case of Vincent Molina, a medical cannabis patient arrested for cannabis possession last year. In that case, Molina was arrested despite the decriminalization of small amounts of cannabis in Illinois in 2019 with the passage of the Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act.  Torgenson’s case highlights the legal grounds in which police can search a vehicle simply based on if it smells like pot. The rulings represent the rights of citizens when they are pulled over by police, even if there are hard drugs involved.

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House Republicans Strike Cannabis Banking Provisions From Funding Bill

GOP lawmakers in the U.S. House of Representatives this week removed legislative provisions to protect banks that serve cannabis businesses from a federal funding bill after resistance from fellow Republicans. The legislation was removed from the financial services and general government bill that provides annual funding for the Treasury Department and federal payments for the District of Columbia and the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as other federal agencies, according to a report from The Hill. The cannabis banking provisions of the bill would have blocked federal funds from being used to “penalize a financial institution solely because the institution provides financial services” to businesses involved in the hemp and state-legal cannabis industries. The legislation was included in the Republicans’ initial draft version of one of the dozen annual funding bills GOP leaders hope to pass into law before election season heats up this fall. GOP Representative Dave Joyce of Ohio, the co-chair of the Congressional Cannabis Caucus and the chair of the House subcommittee responsible for drafting the funding bill, said that the cannabis banking provisions were struck from the legislation after some of his fellow Republicans had “taken issue” with the measure. “With over 40 states enacting some degree of cannabis reform, it is past time that the federal government respect the will of these states. This issue is especially pertinent as cannabis regulations have been proven to increase public safety and quality of life for Americans,” Joyce said at a subcommittee markup hearing for the legislation earlier this month, The Hill reported. “My Financial Services and General Government bill included provisions to do just that and ensure states’ rights to make the best choices for their unique constituencies are protected,” the lawmaker added. During the subcommittee markup hearing, North Carolina GOP Representative Chuck Edwards attacked the cannabis banking provisions of the funding bill, characterizing the legislation as “affirmative authorization disguised as a limitation” and noting that marijuana is still illegal under federal law. “Our country has never allowed a federally illegal activity to be banked, and it’s important to note that, despite some states trying to legalize marijuana, still a Schedule I drug, marijuana is still illegal,” Edwards told his fellow lawmakers on the subcommittee. “And I believe that it should remain illegal. It’s dangerous, and more and more evidence is being found that it causes irreparable harm, particularly to younger minds.” Although the Biden administration has taken steps to reclassify cannabis under the Controlled Substances Act, the full legalization of recreational marijuana at the federal level is still seemingly years away. While Congress is still opposed to comprehensive legalization, many lawmakers, particularly from states that have legalized medical marijuana or adult-use cannabis, want to see federal banking restrictions on cannabis businesses eased. Under federal drug and money laundering laws, financial institutions are subjected to onerous federal restrictions on cannabis business accounts, making banking services for weed companies expensive or unattainable. Legislation to ensure equal access to banking services for businesses in the cannabis industry, the Secure and Fair Enforcement (SAFE) Banking Act, has been passed in the House, either as standalone legislation or attached to another bill, more than half a dozen times. But so far, the Senate has failed to bring the legislation, including a revamped measure known as the Secure and Fair Enforcement Regulation (SAFER) Banking Act, up for a vote by the full chamber. After the cannabis provisions were stricken from the funding bill, Joyce vowed to continue efforts to ease banking restrictions on marijuana businesses. “While the provisions maintain strong bipartisan support, as Chairman, I will work to alleviate their concerns but will not delay my responsibility to fund the government and therefore my legislation in the meantime,” he said Thursday. “However, let me be clear, I will not abandon this effort in Congress and will continue to work with my colleagues in good faith to ensure they become law.”

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German Police Encourage British Football Fans to Smoke Pot Instead of Downing Pints

Anything is better than an invasion of arrogant, drunken football fans from England—including cannabis—at least according to German police who spoke out on the matter recently, as a major sporting event transforms the area. UEFA Euro 2024 will take place in Germany from June 14 until July 14, and fans from all parts of Europe are preparing for a showdown. England and Scotland are two of 24 teams who will compete for the European Championship trophy. Around 40,000 Three Lions fans are expected to converge in Gelsenkirchen this weekend ahead of England’s opening group stage game against Serbia. Metro.co.uk reports that an unprecedented security operation has been launched in order to prevent potential “hooliganism.” England football fans have already been warned against taking part in offensive chants in an attempt to provoke the opposing fans. The 2024 UEFA European Football Championship is now in the 17th edition of the UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international football (soccer) championship organized by UEFA for the European men’s national teams of its member associations. The winner of UERA Euro 2024 will later compete in the 2025 CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions against the 2024 Copa América winner.  German police told England fans heading to UETA Euro 2024 this summer and encouraged them to smoke cannabis instead of downing pints. The Veltins Arena in Gelsenkirchen is set to serve low-alcohol beer in an attempt to keep potential trouble to a minimum but local police have another card up their sleeves: offering pot instead. Instead of elevating emotions, potentially causing aggression and creating problems, pot induces a different, calmer state of mind—something that German police can deal with. “It’s no problem for fans to smoke cannabis on the street,” a Gelsenkirchen Police spokesman told The Sun. “If we see a group of people drinking alcohol and looking a bit aggressive, and another group smoking cannabis, of course we’ll look at the group drinking alcohol. Drinking alcohol can make someone more aggressive, and smoking cannabis puts people in a chill mood. We want to prevent violence and keep people safe.” “Our focus will be on fans who are drinking and potentially getting violent—that’s why we in place safety precautions on alcohol,” the spokesperson continued. Chief Inspector Christof Burghardt told Sky News that he also agrees that England’s opening game will be “high-risk.” “I think it’s a very high-risk game because of the history, because of the hooligans both sides have,” Burghardt said. “Serbia has many hooligans. The English guys, with alcohol, they are very aggressive. So it’s a great job to do this, to prepare, so that hopefully nothing will happen.’ He added: ‘The biggest challenge for us will be to identify violent, disruptive groups at an early stage, to separate them from peaceful and law-abiding fans.” Earlier this year, Germany legalized cannabis for personal use. The German government in March adopted a bill to end the prohibition of cannabis for adults that will make possession and home cultivation of cannabis legal in the country, which began on April 1.  The legislation, which also allows for the establishment of cannabis clubs, was given final approval in March in the Bundesrat, Germany’s legislative chamber representing the country’s 16 federal states. The bill has already been approved by the second chamber of parliament known as the Bundestag, which voted to pass the legislation earlier this year. Under the limited legalization bill known as CanG, adults ages 18 and older will be permitted to possess up to 25 grams of cannabis and store up to 50 grams of it at home beginning on April 1. The measure also permits adults to grow as many as three cannabis plants at their residences.  On July 1, Germany’s cannabis legalization plan kicked off, permitting non-commercial cannabis clubs, where members will have access to legally cultivated cannabis. Each cannabis club will be limited to no more than 500 members. The legislation does not include provisions that allow for-profit adult-use cannabis producers or retailers. “The fight was worth it,” Health Minister Karl Lauterbach wrote on X, according to a translation from Politico. “Please use the new option responsibly.” “Hopefully this is the beginning of the end for the black market today,” he added.   The Bundesrat then voted to approve the plan to legalize cannabis in Germany, which will join Malta and Switzerland in the small group of European nations that have approved limited cannabis legalization plans. With legal cannabis for adults, it provides another way to get inebriated at football events without causing too many problems. It’s a chance for British football fans to reestablish their reputation.

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The American Medical Association Voted To Approve Drug Decriminalization

The American Medical Association (AMA) voted to support drug decriminalization recently on June 12. During the AMA’s annual House of Delegates meeting that was held in Chicago, Illinois, said MD/PhD candidate Ryan Englander. “The war on drugs is quite reminiscent of the phrase, ‘The beatings will continue until morale improves,'” Englander said. “We have tried for decades to criminalize our way out of a substance use crisis in this country, and it has not worked … We need to move to something different and better, something that actually works.” Previously, language from an AMA Board of Trustees report asked that the association “continue to monitor the legal and public health effects of state and federal policies to reclassify criminal offenses for drug possession for personal use.” During the recent meeting, delegates voted 345-171 to adopt the new position on its drug policy, which updates the association’s stance. Now it seeks for the “elimination of criminal penalties for drug possession for personal use as part of a larger set of related public health and legal reforms designed to improve carefully selected outcomes.” Englander stated that there is enough evidence of how decriminalization affects residents, citing how Oregon recriminalized hard drugs but Portugal has experienced better success. He stated that Oregon was “instructive, but so is the [experience of] Portugal, where that country decriminalized or removed penalties for personal possession of drugs for personal use, and they were actually able to get people into treatment, and mortality did drop. So there are models that we can use that can work,” Englander explained. American Society of Addiction Medicine speaker Stephen Taylor proposed that it be sent to the reference committee, stating that “there is, in fact, evidence that decriminalization can have public health benefits if it is done correctly. We would suggest that we have yet to see it done correctly.” Of course, there were numerous delegates in opposition of endorsing decriminalization as well. “Our policy must reflect the evidence, and currently, the evidence does not support broad decriminalization,” said Bobby Mukkamala, AMA president-elect. “We just have to look at the Oregon experience. In 2020, Oregon decriminalized the possession of just small amounts of illicit drugs with the goal of getting people into treatment, but unfortunately, the outcome was quite different. There was no reduction in mortality and there was no increase in access to treatment… The board doesn’t believe it’s wise to have the AMA support policies that do not have more robust evidence behind them.” American College of Physicians delegate Marianne Parshley commented that although Oregon appeared to improve when the decriminalization law was passed in 2020, fentanyl use and associated deaths also rose. From her perspective, recriminalization was a way to get bipartisan support for more funding and improving drug treatment programs. “So, it’s complex,” Parshley said. “We need to pay attention to the fact that [the situation] doesn’t instantaneously change if you pass decriminalization and support for treatment.” The AMA’s drug policies have shifted over the past few years. In June 2022 during another annual House of Delegates meeting, the AMA changed its policy on expungement and called on states to implement record-cleaning services. “This affects young people aspiring to careers in medicine as well as many others who are denied housing, education, loans and job opportunities,” said Scott Ferguson, an AMA trustee. “It simply isn’t fair to ruin a life based on actions that result in convictions but are subsequently legalized or decriminalized.” At last year’s annual House of Delegates meeting, the AMA adopted a new policy to advocate for substances like psilocybin and MDMA for psychiatric disorder treatments. “The AMA believes that scientifically valid and well-controlled clinical trials are necessary to assess the safety and effectiveness of all new drugs, including the potential use of psychedelics for the treatment of psychiatric disorders,” said Jack Resneck, AMA Immediate Past President, at the time. “The AMA appreciates that lawmakers want to help address the mental health crisis in the U.S., but there are other straightforward approaches that don’t thwart drug safety assessment and regulation, such as increasing coverage and removing barriers to care for evidence-based treatments.” A report from the Board of Trustees, which was published prior to the 2024 House of Delegates meeting, addressed its disapproval of endorsing decriminalization. “The Board of Trustees believes that it is 1 premature to recommend decriminalizing drug possession offenses as a public health benefit in the 2 absence of evidence demonstrating public health benefits,” the report stated. During the meeting, Mukkamala spoke on behalf of the board and stated that the AMA “must reflect the evidence, and currently, the evidence does not support broad decriminalization.” The board did, however, support the expungement policy change.

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Study Finds Lower Opioid Prescription Rates in Areas with Cannabis Dispensaries Nearby

The results of a recent study found that closer proximity to cannabis dispensaries in a community leads to a lower rate of opioid prescription. The study entitled “Recreational cannabis dispensary access effects on prescription opioid use and mortality,” was made available online in June but will be published in Regional Science and Urban Economics in its September 2024 issue. Steven J. Dundas of Oregon State University and Jason W. Beasley of Western Michigan University (a former student of Dundas’) used Oregon as an example to examine opioid prescriptions and mortality rates and how they changed based on the number of cannabis dispensaries nearby. The data they used stemmed from the Oregon Health Authority’s Public Health Division from January 2014-December 2017, which researchers explained “captures nearly two years of data pre- and post-RCL [recreational cannabis legalization] in Oregon.” “This paper addresses the question of whether access to recreational cannabis is a relevant factor impacting demand for prescription opioids within a community,” researchers explained. “We combine neighborhood-scale opioid prescription data and recreational cannabis dispensary locations in the U.S. state of Oregon (OR) to investigate the impact of changes to cannabis access on opioid prescriptions.” Dundas and Beasley reviewed Oregon-based communities that are within one mile of a licensed cannabis dispensary and found that prescription opioid rates were lower compared to areas without dispensaries close by. “Using distance bins to identify the non-linear effect of recreational dispensary access, our empirical results suggest mean prescription opioids per capita fell by 1.0–3.9% after recreational legalization in communities near cannabis dispensaries,” the study stated. “Our results show that the further individuals must travel to a recreational dispensary, the higher the rates of prescription opioids per capita.” In contrast, communities that had a dispensary located within one to four miles had higher prescription opioid rates. As the radius distance increased to a range of a dispensary being located four to 10 miles away from a community, or 10 to miles away, the prescription rates continued to increase. This evidence suggests that if there are close alternatives to cannabis products from dispensaries that can be used to opioid prescriptions, residents are more likely to consider switching to cannabis for treatment. However, they also noted that while opioid-related mortality rates have quadrupled between 2005-2022, these results don’t have much of an effect on opioid-related mortality. “Despite the reduction, we find no evidence that reducing barriers to cannabis access and subsequent declines in prescription opioids are associated with meaningful changes in opioid mortality,” the researchers wrote. Other studies have previously examined the opioid mortality rates associated with exposure to medical and/or recreational cannabis. A study published on June 5 in JAMA Network Open examined the case of 175,734 patients and why they consumed cannabis within the past three months. “While most patients (76.1%) reported using cannabis to manage a health symptom, very few patients identified as medical cannabis users.” Those consumers still used cannabis for common conditions such as pain, stress, and as a sleep aid. “Less than half the patients who used cannabis reported using it for medical reasons, even though the majority of patients reported cannabis use to manage a health-related symptom,” that report stated. Another study published at the start of the year in BJM Open found evidence that cannabis has potential in acting as a substitute for opioids, specifically when helping patients manage pain. A total of 22,028 patient’s profiles were reviewed across 84 randomized controlled trials, which showed that cannabis offered similar relief that opioids provided without any negative side effects. “Our findings suggest that both opioids and cannabis for medical use may provide benefits for a minority of chronic pain patients,” researchers wrote. “Furthermore, cannabis does not cause respiratory depression which can result from opioids consumption and lead to non-fatal or fatal overdose.” In February, another study published in the Harm Reduction Journal developed a clinical framework to help patients use cannabis to treat chronic pain if they are opioid-dependent. “Based on a comprehensive review of the literature and epidemiological evidence to date, cannabinoids stand to be one of the most interesting, safe, and accessible tools available to attenuate the devastation resulting from the misuse and abuse of opioid narcotics,” researchers explained.  Research published earlier in May in the journal Pain also shared that injecting terpenes is more effective than injecting morphine-based chemo medications, and there are far fewer adverse effects. “What we found is that terpenes are really good at relieving a specific type of chronic pain with side effects that are low and manageable,” said researcher John Streicher. The study used five terpenes (alpha-humulene, beta-caryophyllene, beta-pinene, geraniol, and linalool) and tested on mice with a focus on neuropathic pain (a common condition that is developed by chemotherapy medications). All of the terpenes showed signs of pain reduction, especially when combined. “We looked at other aspects of the terpenes, such as does this cause reward? Is this going to be addictive? Is it going to make you feel awful?” Streicher said. “What we found was yes, terpenes do relieve pain, and they also have a pretty good side effect profile.”

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The Fellowship of the Flower

Warm and authentic Michael Koehn of the Brownie Mary Democratic Club of San Francisco gives the best hugs. Koehn and his partner David Goldman are longtime medical marijuana activists and always wear matching baseball caps with pot leaves on them. At a press conference in San Francisco announcing the upcoming arrival of SF Hash Week, Goldman tells me that wearing the hats has enabled them to meet like-minded people all over the world. Koehn and Goldman were the first people I met in the cannabis community at a protest for the rights of medical marijuana patients in 2012. Weed has brought us together for more than a decade, and after all the changes we’ve seen in cannabis policy over this time, it still feels like our hearts are aligned.  Cannabis is a powerful tool for building camaraderie, something that feels even more precious following the collective traumas we experienced during the darkest days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Times have been particularly challenging for California’s cannabis industry in recent years. After the legal cannabis marketplace opened in 2018, sales showed their first drop from the previous year in 2022 and saw another drop in 2023. First reported by SFGate, recent data released by cannabis analytics firm BDSA shows that Michigan sold more legal cannabis products than California this March. Those companies that have managed to survive the transition from California’s medical marijuana program to the adult-use legal marketplace continue to have hope for the industry and search for opportunities to band together. The gathering to announce SF Hash Week on Wednesday felt like a hash-filled homecoming. Held at the headquarters of Meadow in San Francisco—a place stacked with memories, including a hash-making class I took with Frenchy Cannoli in 2015—the event was a preview of the week of events planned around the holiday for cannabis concentrates, 7/10, aka July 10. Following this April’s first SF Weed Week, SF Hash Week is turning 7/10 into a seven-day celebration of all things heady. “The plant does so much for us, and for us to be able to gather in honor of what it can produce, it’s pretty incredible,” Meadow’s David Hua said at the SF Hash Week kickoff event. “[San Francisco] is not just a special place; it’s a special group of people. I’m extremely humbled to be sitting here amongst everyone that’s still standing, that’s still fighting, that’s still pushing. It’s not easy, but the quality is insane.” In 2015, Frenchy told me and the other people in my hash-making class that “everything is written in the resin.”  “The whole story of six, seven months — it’s right there in your hand,” he said, describing making hash as “really being able to take that pure essence of the plant.” Frenchy was an artisan who was passionate about collecting the resinous trichome heads off of cannabis plants and was always quick to credit the farmers who grew the flowers he worked with for his creations. As part of SF Hash Week—a first-time event incorporating concentrate releases at cannabis lounges throughout San Francisco—there will be a screening of his film “Frenchy Dreams of Hashish” at Meadow on July 11.  “It was all about planting the seed of the plant,” Kimberly Hooks, aka Madame Cannoli, said of her late husband’s legacy. “He really felt that the plant was here to kind of save humanity, and it was through community involvement like this, of us getting together and smoking and having a wonderful time.” As much as SF Hash Week will provide opportunities to connect with old friends, it’s also a way for companies to introduce themselves to newcomers. “We’re trying to reach more and more people that don’t even smoke hash,” said Jeremy Richarson, owner of Forté. “I really appreciate everybody coming out to and being a part of the community because everybody that’s out here right now has been fighting and fighting. We all know what we’re up against, too, so bringing the real culture to it is really what we’re all about.” Terryn Buxton, the owner of Oakland Extracts, echoed that sentiment.    “Opportunity to hang out with the customers, it’s always a good thing,” Buxton said. “Hanging out with people who love the product, fans of cannabis in general, spending time with them. I think personally the best part of the event is just things like this. Actually being able to hang out with people who have been in the business for so long. Hash makers are a special breed… there’s a lot of OGs here. The fellowship, to me, is the best part of Hash Week.” Angela Pih, chief marketing operator at CCELL, said her company was eager to support the upcoming event.  “What really makes today special is seeing our brand partners like Nasha come in, take the best of their craft into the best of our technology, and bringing it to all of you so that you can enjoy it,” Pih said. “So where craft meets technology meets community, that’s just a perfect trifecta.”  In his remarks, Ben Grambergu, the director of operations at 7 Stars in Richmond, California, praised SF Hash Week founder David Downs, a longtime cannabis journalist and award-winning author who is now a senior editor at Leafly.  “Number one, I believe in you, David, and I think we all do as well,” Grambergu said. “Number two, I believe in all of us. You know, look at this. When’s the last time that something like this has happened in the Bay Area? We’re going to have competing events. We have to decide where to go to go smoke hash in the Bay Area? Like what is this?” Representing the brand Ember Valley, Mikey Tebb built upon the theme of camaraderie. “Being a part of a community like this and getting involved is not only how brands grow, but how brands stay alive,” Tebb said. “Everybody out here is just an absolute warrior for going through what they’ve been through to even just survive and stay in the green and stay positive.”  While I joked that I only came to the event to eat Chronic Kitchen’s smash burgers, smoking hash with my weedy friends on a sunny San Francisco afternoon was the biggest draw. I was able to try the rosin featured in an image shot by Chris Romaine, aka Kandid Kush, set to be included in his hash photo opening on July 10. Another highlight included a dab of rosin from Arcata Fire created from Ridgeline Farms’s award-winning strain Lantz. That dab was my last puff and floated me through the streets of San Francisco on my journey home via the 16th Street BART station.  Despite the challenges the California cannabis industry faces at this time, SF Hash Week shows that optimism for the future remains bright. During the press event, Downs continued to spotlight the activist organizations that continue to fight for cannabis legalization and social justice.  “We know that only 45% of the legal market is being served by the legal market; the rest is still underground,” Downs said. “So you look around here, these producers, think about this industry being three times as big on the legal side and then the ancillary side of it being five, ten times bigger. We’re really still on day one for this and what we do through groups like the Brownie Mary Democratic Club and California NORML at the state and local level is going to be the difference in how fast we get up that hill.”

https://hightimes.com/

Michigan Pot Market Surpasses California in Sales Volume

Michigan has overtaken California as the largest cannabis market in the U.S., at least in terms of sales volume, according to data collected by multiple market intelligence firms. Both firms show Michigan surpassing California over the winter in cannabis product units sold. Sales volume is the total number of units sold by a business over a specific period of time, such as units sold in a month, quarter, or year. A “unit” can mean several different things but in this case, it refers to a single or multipack cannabis item that is purchased, big or small. But this is in terms of units, and California is still a larger cannabis market than Michigan in terms of dollars sold—by billions of dollars. California sold $5.1 billion in adult-use cannabis products in 2023, while Michigan sold about $3 billion in adult-use cannabis products. Prices for cannabis products are much cheaper in Michigan compared with California due to recent oversupply issues in the Great Lakes State. That means that even if consumers buy more products in Michigan, the total amount they spend is less than what they’re paying in California. Detroit Free Press reports that since December 2022, Michigan has sold more total grams of flower and units of other cannabis products, called equivalent unit sales, in both the adult-use and medical cannabis markets compared with California, according to data collected by BDSA, a cannabis market intelligence firm that tracks sales via point-of-sale data from a panel of participating cannabis retailers. But it’s not just BDSA making these claims: Headset, another cannabis market intelligence firm that’s recognized in the cannabis community, compiled data showing that Michigan sold more units than California. Headset defines units as a single item that a customer buys, such as a pre-rolled joint, a multipack of pre-rolled joints, an ounce or one gram, since June 2023. Headset’s data indicates that in May, Michigan sold 24.2 million units, compared to California selling 17.3 million units. “There are a lot of issues on the ground in California … it’s always been expensive to do business there,” Michael Arrington, a principal analyst at Colorado-based BDSA, said on a BDSA market forecast update webinar in March. According to BDSA data, Michigan sold 56.8 million equivalent units of cannabis products in April, compared with 44.6 million in California during the same month. In terms of units sold, BDSA arrived at slightly different numbers than Headset, however both firms found that Michigan was selling more units of cannabis products than California in recent months, such as in February and March. Michigan’s unit sales first passed California’s in December, BDSA data shows. This could mean more Californians are buying in bulk or in larger units while Michiganders are buying cannabis in smaller units.  In Michigan, prices for cannabis plunged after adult-use cannabis sales started because of an oversupply problem, which led to lower prices for consumers but tougher margins for cannabis retailers.  A recent set of data released by the Michigan Cannabis Regulatory Agency (CRA) shows that the state has once again set a new record for adult-use cannabis sales. According to the CRA, the state collected $286.8 million in adult-use cannabis sales in March, which made up for 99% of all sales. In terms of product popularity, flower still reigns supreme with $131.4 million in sales. A total of $54.4 million was sold in vape cartridges, as well as $33.9 million in inhalable concentrates, and finally edibles at $26.3 million. The CRA splits Michigan up into five distinct regions: upper lower/upper peninsula, mid lower, southwest, east/southeast, and Wayne. Among these regions, the east/southeast region collected the most in total adult-use cannabis sales with $128,929,767, followed by $79,432,048 in the southwest region, $31,845,920 in Wayne, $29,373,053 in upper lower/upper peninsula, and lastly, $17,209,468 in the mid lower area. In total medical cannabis sales, the southwest area led with $141,535, followed by Wayne with $945,992, east/southeast with $809,515, upper lower/upper peninsula with $81,273, and finally mid lower with $79,695. The latest figures leave more questions than answers. Michigan’s population is about a quarter of the size of California’s population, and California’s history of a medical and adult-use cannabis market stretches back further than Michigan’s. But the prices of pot play a large part in the outcome of units sold in both markets, Michigan’s fifth anniversary of adult-use cannabis sales in the state is coming up, and the state is proving its viability, even compared to California’s enormous market.

https://hightimes.com/

A One-Year Update on Oregon’s Legal Psilocybin Program

It’s been over one year since Oregon’s first psilocybin therapy license was approved, and updated news reports are sharing that there aren’t enough customers to go around. Vital Reset, owned by Heidi Venture, told the Oregon Capital Chronicle that it’s just a matter of time for people to become aware of the opportunity. “We think everybody knows that psychedelics can help them because we’re in this little bubble. But 99% of people have no idea what they could get out of a journey,” Venture said. The Psilocybin Assisted Therapy Association hosted a one-day conference in May, called “Collaborence,” which was held in Portland, Oregon. Venture, along with more than 100 local psilocybin business owners, gathered together to attend panel discussions on the topic of the mental health crisis both in Oregon and throughout the country. Panelists also spoke about the current issues of their businesses, but also the benefits that they saw their patients. Voters passed Measure 109 in November 2020, making Oregon the first state to legalize licensed psilocybin treatment centers. The first license was approved in May 2023 for EPIC Healing Eugene, which opened just a month later in June 2023. As of last September, there were 10 licensed service centers (not all of which were operational at the time, as well as four growers, and two lab testing facilities. Between June 2023-December 2023, an estimated 700 people had taken part in an experience at a psilocybin treatment center. Between June 2023-June 2024, approximately 3,500 people have taken part in a psilocybin therapy session throughout the state’s 25 licensed centers. According to the Healing Advocacy Fund, a nonprofit organization that prioritizes safe and affordable psilocybin access, projects that the number of people who will take part in psilocybin therapy will increase to 7,000 by the end of 2024. However, in March 2024, one licensed center called The Journey was already forced to shut down due to lack of customers. “I’ve absolutely loved doing this,” said founder Jenna Kluwe. “The numbers just weren’t where they needed to be.” Commenting on the recent closure, Satori Farms PDX owner Tori Armbrust explained her concern for the Oregon psilocybin industry. “Unfortunately we’ve seen one service center close down. I imagine there will be more, because very quickly it’s going to get over-saturated,” Armbrust said, adding that competition will increase in 2025 when out-of-state businesses will be allowed to open psilocybin therapy centers in Oregon. “Overall, marketing seems to be a big challenge. But places are doing well, and there’s product going out to a lot of people,” Armbrust said. Chariot owner Courtney Campbell said that her business isn’t profiting, but a reliable number of customers are keeping them in business.  The Entheogen Institute, which trains students to be licensed facilitators, graduated about 70 people within the last year. However, institute owner Coeli Dwivedi told the Oregon Capital Chronicle that she has only had one paycheck. “I’m looking forward to having a real salary as well,” Dwivedi said. Many therapy center operators are trying to bring in new customers through discounts, but are limited by rules that prevent psilocybin services from being advertised online. Oregon state law requires that a licensee can’t advertise through TV, radio, billboards, print media, or internet unless they can prove that the ads won’t reach more than 30% of an audience that is under 21. Due to these restrictions, psilocybin centers are primarily focusing on word of mouth and open houses to allow curious customers to learn more. Facilitators are also running into problems where there aren’t enough openings to allow all of them to work. Currently, there are 325 licensed facilitators in Oregon, but some are finding their own clients and conducting facilitation illegally in homes or in Airbnb rentals. Facilitator Marlin Hofer said that he carries business cards around wherever he goes to promote the opportunity. Another facilitator, Matthew Wissler, added that he would make his services free for low-income people in need, but Oregon’s law mainly attracts tourists or out-of-state or out-of-country patients instead. Many service center operators are just pushing through the challenges in hopes that the future will bring more success. “If we just hang in there, stay positive, it will evolve into something we can all be proud of,” said Brain Brew PDX owner Mary Nielsen. Recently, Gov. Tina Kotek signed Senate Bill 303 into law, which requires psilocybin service centers to collect and submit data to the Oregon Health Authority (OHA). The law is expected to take effect sometime in 2025 in an attempt to collect information about exact numbers of clients served, numbers of those who refused service, total numbers of adverse or severe reactions, and dosing averages, according to an Oregon Public Broadcasting report. “It’s important to remember that our administrative rules are a minimal requirement, and they’re not the best practices,” said OHA Psilocybin Services head Angela Allbee. “They’re there to create guidelines and protect public health and safety, and protect equity and access. It’s up to licensees to create best practices and inform us, so we can evaluate every year.”

https://hightimes.com/

Kamala Kush Strain Sparks Conversation on Jimmy Kimmel Live

A limited-edition strain from an Oregon-based grower was named after U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris—and it ended up becoming the topic of a conversation on Jimmy Kimmel Live. The vice president has nothing to do with Kamala Kush, but was asked about the peculiar strain bearing her name while on live television. In an interview with late-night host Jimmy Kimmel on June 4, he brought up the topic of the proposal to move cannabis to Schedule III, and several other questions related to the topic. Benzinga reports that Harris appeared “visibly surprised upon learning that a cannabis strain had been named after her.” “I think we both agreed people shouldn’t have to go to jail for smoking weed,” Harris said. “Well you don’t go to jail for drinking alcohol why would you go to jail for smoking. And so we’ve pardoned a number of people.” She admitted resources are better spent on worse drug problems like fentanyl, and that it’s been determined that cannabis is not in fact a gateway drug. “You know, I think it’s interesting also because, remember, there was a time when people would say, ‘well, marijuana is a gateway drug,’ and these were failed policies,” she said. “The resources should be better directed—and will be better directed—to deal with opioid addiction and what we need to do around fentanyl, getting more resources into mental health and mental health care.” Kimmel confronted her about a strain in Oregon called Kamala Kush and asked her if she knew anything about it.  Laughing, Harris replied, “Really? Seriously? I did not know that.” Clackamas, Oregon-based Alibi Cannabis, is a woman-owned cannabis operation that created Kamala Kush. “So excited about this limited-run genetic,” Alibi Cannabis says about the strain. “Earthy and grounding. Buds are weighty and shaped like grenades. A unique flavor for an active high. Available only for a limited time!” Alibi Cannabis is available at dozens of OLCC-approved dispensaries throughout Oregon. Kimmel also seemed surprised that the developers hadn’t sent Harris a sample. Even if they had, Harris said, “I’m not touching that.” Alibi Cannabis appeared to be just as surprised about the mention on Jimmy Kimmel Live as everyone else, and acknowledged that she formerly served as a state prosecutor, which put her at odds with people who handle cannabis. “Alibi produced a special edition strain called ‘Kamala Kush,’ the grower posted on their website. “In a wild turn of events, Jimmy Kimmel asked VP Harris about it. See her reaction! Would love to share with her our vision of a cannabis industry focused on helping people and providing high quality plant medicine.” “We know her stance has been very negative towards the cannabis industry, but what better way of moving forward than to reach out and educate.” Due to Harris’s history of having prosecuted some 2,000 cannabis-related offenders during her job as District Attorney of San Francisco in California, some people took her rescheduling announcement with a grain of salt. But by 2019, Harris said that cannabis “gives a lot of people joy,” signaling that her views on the plant might be changing. In February 2019, Harris admitted in an interview on The Breakfast Club to smoking cannabis in college. “I have. And I inhaled—I did inhale. It was a long time ago. But, yes,” she said in a reference to former president Bill Clinton’s famous “didn’t inhale” comment he said in 1992. Last March, Harris hosted a White House meeting to discuss drug policy reform that will feature guests including hip hop artist Fat Joe and others who have benefitted from the cannabis pardons granted by the Biden administration. The Friday meeting will also include Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear, a leading proponent of cannabis legalization in his state, and other advocates for ending the criminal prohibition of cannabis.  On May 16, on the same day as President Joe Biden, Harris announced that it’s time to move cannabis to Schedule III, and posted a video with a speech about the game-changing move. “President Biden and I vowed to address injustices in marijuana policy,” she said. “Today, our Administration takes another major step forward.” “Currently marijuana is classified on the same level as heroin and more dangerous than fentanyl,” Harris said in another video. “We are finally changing that. But I want to thank all of the advocates and everyone out there for helping to make this possible and we are on the road to getting it done.”  Harris’s views are quickly changing, and the move to Schedule III could be a boost for the Biden administration with the general election quickly approaching this November.

https://hightimes.com/

UC Berkeley To Enlist Human Subjects in Groundbreaking Psilocybin Study

University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) will observe human subjects in a study to determine if psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms.The study marks UC Berkeley’s first study involving human subjects with a Schedule I substance—drugs with no currently accepted medical value.  The study will examine how psilocybin changes the way our brain interprets information that we see and pushes us out of our normal state of mind. The UC Berkeley Center for the Science of Psychedelics (BCSP) is launching a new study designed to reveal the mechanisms behind how psychedelics shape human perception.  In the experiment, healthy human participants will ingest psilocybin, a compound found in psychedelic mushrooms. All the while, researchers will observe how their brains light up. Each participant will then perform simple perceptual tasks while their visual cortex is monitored using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).  “We have this incredible opportunity to characterize the psychedelic experience in real time—while it’s happening—using modern neuroimaging methods,” Michael Silver, director of the BCSP and the study’s leader, told Berkeley News. “Understanding the actions of psychedelics at a neuroscientific level will generate insights into how they’re working as medicines and will hopefully help us develop more effective treatments for mental health disorders. It will also shed light on some of the fundamental mysteries of the human brain, mind and consciousness and how they relate to each other.” Before this study, UC Berkeley researchers had to rely on animal subjects, typically mouse models, in order to study psilocybin as a Schedule I substance. Going beyond that usually requires DEA approvals. For the BCSP, they had to work for years to acquire federal, state, and campus-level regulatory approvals in order to use psilocybin, and they must follow stringent rules for handling of it. Silver explained to Berkeley News in detail what excites him about the way psilocybin changes the way we see and process visual information. Silver explained that our retina pick up about as much info and/or resolution as a 2007 camera—but our brains fill in the blanks, providing rich detail. “The way that we perceive the world is very unlike a video camera,” Silver said. “While a camera just passively records whatever comes through the lens, our brain takes that sensory information from the eyes and combines it with previous experiences to generate our conscious experience of the world. We make implicit assumptions—for example, that objects that are in one place tend to stay in one place, or that objects that are moving tend to continue moving along that trajectory—to help construct our perceptions.” “Our area of interest is the visual system in the brain,” Silver told CBS News. “Psychedelics are a wonderful tool for understanding this.” UC Berkeley’s Center for the Science of Psychedelics is underway and staff are recruiting volunteers, center director and UC Berkeley professor Michael Silver said. “My love is science, not the administrative part of it,” Silver said. “I understand the importance of that, but the reason I am personally motivated to do this is to learn about the brain and to learn about the visual system and how we create conscious experience.” “Visual priors” help define how our brain interprets information we see. In the new experiment supported by the BCSP, researchers will observe how psilocybin impacts visual perception and how these perceptions are generated in the brain. They plan to test a hypothesis known as REBUS, or relaxed beliefs under psychedelics, which proposes that psychedelics work by “relaxing” assumptions, so that our perceptions are shaped less by visual priors and more by raw sensory information.  Psychedelic-assisted therapy is gaining traction because of the ability of psychedelics to push people out of mental patterns. “If you think about the disorders where we have the best evidence that psychedelics can be a useful therapy, including PTSD, depression, anxiety and various substance use disorders, they often involve a maladaptive prior or belief, such as a negative self-image,” Silver said. “The REBUS theory proposes that psychedelic-assisted therapy works by reducing the influence of these priors, followed by construction of healthier priors through psychotherapy.” The team hopes that the information they glean will help to better understand how our minds perceive information and how psilocybin impacts those abilities. “We know a great deal about the different structures and neural types in the visual system, and as a result, we have some understanding of what visual priors and sensory information look like in the brain, and how they interact with each other,” Silver said. “And so, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we can test this theory in a very rigorous way.”

https://hightimes.com/

Arizona’s Social Equity Program Isn’t Living Up to the Hype

According to Arizona social equity applicants and community members, the state’s cannabis program isn’t operating as intended. The passage of Proposition 207 in 2020 legalized adult-use cannabis, and part of the law required that social equity applicants meet specific criteria. This included having annual income 400% less than federal poverty level, having a cannabis-related conviction on their record (or knowing someone close who did), and living in a zip code that has been disproportionately affected by the War on Drugs. The program stated that its goal is to “promote the ownership and operation of marijuana establishments and marijuana testing facilities by individuals from communities disproportionately impacted by the enforcement of previous marijuana laws.” Alicia Deals and 1,301 other applicants applied for the license in 2021, and at the time only 26 licenses were available. A lottery was held in 2022 to determine the winners, one of which was Deals. “We went for it. And we won, and we won in the most grandest fashion,” Deals told the Arizona Mirror. While Deals’ business continues to thrive, other social equity applicants decided to sell their licenses to corporate companies or other private organizations. According to a report from the Arizona Center for Investigative Reporting, 11 of the 26 social equity licenses were owned by corporate dispensaries, while seven were purchased by private investors and half of the licenses were associated with shell LLCs. Deals partnered with Cookies to open a dispensary in Tempe, Arizona in August 2023. Marijuana Industry Trade Association founder and president, Demitri Downing, said in a statement that the program’s reality isn’t what the voters approved. “I would argue that the social equity licensing programs that exist in cannabis have done the exact opposite of what needed to be done,” Downing said. Others who criticize the current program also added that 26 licenses, in comparison to the state’s 170 dispensaries, isn’t enough to allow social equity applicants to take part in the industry. The Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) claims that it conducted the lottery with “integrity and in full accordance with the law,” but that it doesn’t have the “legal standing to intervene in the sale of a dispensary.” When the lottery was held, numerous advocates and lawyers called for amendments to improve the program. Arizona Cannabis Bar Association president Gary Smith claims that the ADHS wasn’t thorough enough. “They really could’ve done a myriad of different things,” said Smith. “But they’re a health agency, they’re not a social do-good agency. They were not well suited for it.” One problem Smith identified, according to the Arizona Mirror, was that social equity license holders weren’t forced to keep their licenses, and because they were economically disadvantaged, success was far from guaranteed. “You basically said the only people qualified for the social equity licenses are people who are almost guaranteed to fail,” said Smith. “So resultantly, small surprise—not really—most of these license winners made a good decision for themselves and sold those licenses to people or companies that were more capable and able to actually operate.” This is why social equity licenses were sold off to more successful companies such as Copperstate Farms, Mohave Cannabis Co., and Mint Cannabis—all of which own numerous dispensaries across the state in partnership with social equity applicants. “No one else made it, to say it plainly,” Deals explained. “And a lot of people, even from the beginning, didn’t really have a chance.” Although Deals has experienced great success working with Cookies, other social equity applicants were taken advantage of by those larger companies. Deals’ father was sentenced to 18 years in prison for a cannabis-related conviction, which inspired her to apply for a license. “But I told my dad, ‘You know, it’s a gamble for them, it’s a guarantee for us.’ That we deserve it,” said Deals. “You know, and if not us, then who? And if not now, then when?” Deals has also partnered with Nirvana Center Dispensaries, which allows her to maintain 100% equity ownership. Another part of Prop 207 was dedicated to expunging cannabis-related convictions from residents’ records using $4 million in funds for nonprofit organizations to spearhead expungement services. Data from 2018 showed that 58% of the Hispanic population and 16% of Black people were still in prison for cannabis offenses, while most recent data shows that the numbers have decreased to 32% Hispanic people and 5% Black people. Arizona cannabis lawyer Jimmy Cool commented on the communities that were largely affected by the War on Drugs. “We went out, we arrested disproportionately 80% Black men to white men for using marijuana, but we know Black men use marijuana at the same rate as white men,” said Cool. “Well then, that means that in Black communities we took fathers, we took brothers out of those communities. We took away their revenue and their income. We drove down the property values because of the crime rates.” He continued by saying that the social equity cannabis licenses didn’t guarantee that it would benefit the existing communities, and that the ADHS missed an opportunity to prevent applicants from selling off their licenses to the highest bidder. “I guess what’s frustrating about this program is that I don’t think you were ever going to create a perfect social equity program,” Cool admitted. “No matter what you create, there would be some constituency that wasn’t adequately served, some unforeseen externality or consequence.” While it’s not possible or likely that the law will change soon, Deals said that her priority is to continue to support her community, and especially people imprisoned for cannabis crimes. “Show love to the incarcerated,” said Deals. “We all know someone and just even the smallest things helps and matters for them.”

https://hightimes.com/

Massachusetts Lawmakers Push Intoxicating Hemp Regs to 2025

State lawmakers in Massachusetts say a bill to regulate intoxicating hemp products is unlikely to pass this year despite their insistence that regulations are needed.  Massachusetts has legalized and regulated medical marijuana and adult-use cannabis, and both are tightly regulated under state law. Hemp products, however, are generally legal under federal law but unregulated at the state level. As a result, hemp products are widely available at retailers including gas stations, convenience stores and smoke shops throughout the Bay State without regulations governing their sale, including minimum age requirements. On Tuesday, the state legislature’s Joint Committees on Agriculture and Cannabis Policy held an oversight hearing to consider proposals to regulate ingestible hemp products that contain THC. Democratic state Representative Paul Schmid, co-chair of the Agriculture Committee, decried the current regulatory environment for intoxicating hemp products at the end of the joint hearing. “My goodness,” Schmid exclaimed, WBUR local news reported on Thursday. “We have a situation where intoxicating hemp products are being produced, probably from hemp that isn’t grown in Massachusetts, in labs that have no supervision, being put into packages that have no age requirements, and they’re competing with our lawful cannabis retailers. This is a heck of a situation.”  The oversight hearing was held because of confusion in the state government about who is responsible for regulating hemp products and enforcing the regulations. At the hearing, state agencies including the Department of Public Health (DPH), the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources (MDAR), and the Cannabis Control Commission offered input to lawmakers.  Kimberly Roy, a member of the Cannabis Control Commission, said that hemp products the agency had tested by an independent lab often had 15 to 30 contaminants. She also said that licensed cannabis operators are being squeezed by competition from unregulated hemp products. “Licensees who have in some cases spent a large portion of their personal savings and devoted their professional lives to building a compliant, regulated business are faced with the demoralizing site of intoxicating cannabinoid products being sold down the street with no regulation, no testing, and no protection for children,” said Roy. DPH and MDAR maintained that unregulated intoxicating hemp products are illegal. Last month, the two agencies released guidance warning that it is illegal to sell edible hemp products outside of a regulated dispensary. But regulation is the responsibility of local health boards already strained by a shortage of resources. “The current situation is untenable. The joint guidance is very welcome and it is going to assist in our ability to enforce, but it’s not a silver bullet,” said Cheryl Sbarra, the head of the Massachusetts Association of Health Boards. “We’re still going to see those [hemp] Skittles and gummies, and beverages out there. We really can’t respond in force as quickly as we need to or with the clarity that we need.” After the hearing, lawmakers said legislation to regulate intoxicating hemp products is needed but unlikely to be ready before the current legislative session ends on July 31. Schmid said he expects the issue to be taken up again during the next session, which won’t be until next year. “We hope that we can work with those who testified today to solve this issue, but we realize that a well-thought-out solution will require continued conversations into the next session and beyond,” Schmid said in a statement, according to a report from CommonWealth Beacon. “As was highlighted in the hearing, this is a matter that involves significant portions of local, state, and federal law, whose concerns must all be satisfied.” Pete Gallagher, CEO and co-founder of Massachusetts-based medical and adult-use cannabis multistate operator Insa, applauded efforts to regulate intoxicating hemp products while criticizing the delay. “We are encouraged that lawmakers are focused on the public health concerns related to intoxicating hemp, but we are discouraged by the pace of progress. Intoxicating hemp represents a significant public health threat and an existential risk to the regulated cannabis market,” Gallagher wrote in a statement emailed to High Times. “The regulated cannabis industry employs tens of thousands of people in Massachusetts and generates more than $200 million in tax revenue for Massachusetts. Without stronger, swifter action by legislators and regulators, the safety of the general public, Massachusetts cannabis workers, and cannabis tax revenue are at significant risk.”

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