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Hemp News, Laws & Product Updates

A curated news hub focused on hemp regulation and policy changes, cannabinoids (CBD/Delta-8/Delta-9/hemp-derived THC), lab testing and COAs, product safety, brands, and industry trends.

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https://hightimes.com/

False Dosage Labels on 96% of Tested Amazon Hemp Products, Many With No Hemp or CBD

In the midst of blossoming cannabis and CBD reform throughout the West, hemp-derived cannabinoid products are increasingly taking center stage as legislators continue to raise red flags surrounding the lack of regulation and intoxicating potential of these products. Just in the past several months, a number of states have moved to introduce new policies to limit or ban the sale of psychoactive hemp-derived cannabinoid products, like delta-8 THC. Similarly, many are calling out some of the issues surrounding the regulatory gaps surrounding hemp-derived products in the market. Among them is CBD Oracle, a consumer research company aiming to improve safety and transparency surrounding cannabis products.  Most recently, it turned its attention to CBD gummies and other hemp products available for purchase on Amazon.com. While the company notes that Amazon will “tell you confidently” that they do not allow CBD gummies on the platform, CBD Oracle’s new independent analysis on such products begs to differ. While Amazon doesn’t technically allow CBD products, CBD Oracle suggests that sellers on the site largely get around this obstacle by avoiding the term “CBD” and instead using “hemp” on packaging and in product descriptions.  Neurogan CEO Jan Brandup said that Amazon’s “hemp products” are not related to actual hemp and rather use the term as a sales tactic. “It’s alarming how easily consumers are deceived into trusting these products, just because they are sold on a reputable platform like Amazon,” Brandup said. “The best case is they may drain your wallet.” Sunday Scaries CEO Mike Sill agreed, adding that many of the products on Amazon automatically lack credibility and ultimately quality due to the nature of the platform’s regulations. “When you search for ‘CBD gummies’ on the platform, no reputable brands populate in your search results,” Sill said. “The reason for this is that credible brands like Sunday Scaries, Charlotte’s Web and cbdMD are not allowed to sell on Amazon without being banned.” Rather, Sill said these companies engage in “brand burning,” meaning that once they are banned from Amazon, they essentially rebrand with a new name and packaging only to reupload the same products to the site and continue sales. “Their business model doesn’t include a focus on building a reputable brand and providing the highest quality and safest products to consumers; they are just looking for a quick sale and will do whatever is necessary to stay ‘live’ on Amazon,” Sill said. So what exactly do Amazon “hemp” products contain? In an effort to analyze the specific contents of CBD products on Amazon, the company purchased 56 of the most popular hemp products on the site and tested them through InfiniteCAL Labs. Most of the products (80%) were gummies, with eight tinctures, two topical creams and one pack of mints. A majority (89%) also made specific numerical claims regarding dosage. Around 30% (17 of 56) of the products tested contained CBD, averaging 547 mg per package. However, there was a large variance in CBD quantity between products, with a minimum of 28 mg of CBD and a maximum of 1,582 mg. While CBD Oracle notes that this at least shows Amazon isn’t being totally dishonest about some of these products containing hemp and hemp compounds, it still violates Amazon’s policies and may not be legally compliant. THC is also banned from Amazon sales, though six (11%) of the tested products contained the cannabinoid with the three containing the most comprised primarily of delta-8 THC. While all of the products were under the THC threshold set by the 2018 Farm Bill, the three delta-8 products “had very high quantities of THC” with 641, 2,507 and 3,028 mg per pack. The product with the highest amount of THC had 76 mg per gummy. The majority of tested products (35 of 56 products, or 62.5%) contained no cannabinoids at all with more than a third (24 of 56 products, or 43%) containing no hemp. InfiniteCAL Lab Manager Dr. Erik Paulson explains that hemp is typically infused into consumable products through hemp seeds, which contain no cannabinoids, or through extractable material pulled out of leaves, stems or buds — generally to create cannabinoid-infused products. “Simply put, if you buy ‘hemp’ from Amazon it is likely that you will actually be buying an expensive jar of gummy bears. Gelatin and sugar, priced at a premium,” CBD Oracle notes in the report. The report also confirmed that a whopping 96% of tested products did not advertise an accurate dosage. “If we assume the dosage listing refers to cannabinoids (and not just the total mass of hempseed oil), just two products were confirmed by lab testing to have a dosage within 10% of that listed on their labels,” the report states. “They contained an average of just 25% of the advertised dosage. In most cases, this was less than advertised, but one product primarily containing delta-8 THC had twice the promised dosage.” In addition, 52% of the products appeared to make an unapproved medical claim, and almost 95% of products did not provide Certificates of Analysis (COA), typically considered an essential for reputable companies selling hemp products. While the report focused on Amazon products, CBD Oracle notes the prevalence of this trend, as other companies like eBay, Walmart and Alibaba carry similar products — sometimes the exact same options. Authors note the potential ramifications of selling these products, beyond safety and health concerns, in that it could undermine the broader hemp and cannabis industries and the reform progress so many are actively pushing for. “Amazon has demonstrated that they don’t understand the difference between hemp seed oil and hemp extract that contains cannabinoids,” said Forge Hemp’s Kelly Lombard. “As long as sellers are vague about a product’s contents, Amazon doesn’t seem to care. This is problematic because U.S. consumers need more information about hemp and CBD, not less. Amazon’s convenience and return policy may entice more consumers to try hemp products, but if their experience is negative, that hurts the industry.” CBD Oracle also lists some potential solutions to remedy these issues, though they largely fall on Amazon to either adhere to more strict verification and COA guidelines, if not completely remove any products making false claims. They note that customers tend to have limited impact and that individual efforts to combat or report these products may ultimately result in frustration and wasted time.  Authors also cite that the current model, a blanket ban on CBD encouraging companies to be dishonest and actively work around it, may not be the answer. “Even establishing a bare minimum requirement for hemp sellers — showing an up-to-date lab report — would be enough to send the snake oil sellers running for the hills,” the report concludes. “Will you be able to pretend that CBD isn’t available on your platform? No. But customers who are buying CBD on your platform — who already exist, like it or not — would be much, much more likely to get safe products that offer what they say on the label.”

https://hightimes.com/

Germany Approves Cannabis Reform Plan: Possession Legal April 1

The German government last week adopted a bill to end the prohibition of cannabis for adults that will make possession and home cultivation of weed legal in Europe’s most populous nation as of April 1. The legislation, which also allows for the establishment of cannabis clubs, was given final approval on Friday in the Bundesrat, Germany’s legislative chamber representing the country’s 16 federal states. The bill has already been approved by the second chamber of parliament known as the Bundestag, which voted to pass the legislation late last month. Under the limited legalization bill known as CanG, adults aged 18 and up will be permitted to possess up to 25 grams of marijuana and store up to 50 grams of weed at home beginning on April 1. The measure also permits adults to grow as many as three cannabis plants at their residences.  On July 1, Germany’s weed legalization plan will begin permitting non-commercial cannabis clubs, where members will have access to legally cultivated marijuana. Each cannabis club will be limited to no more than 500 members. The legislation does not include provisions that allow for-profit recreational marijuana producers or retailers. “The fight was worth it,” Health Minister Karl Lauterbach wrote on X, the social media platform formerly known as Twitter, according to a translation from Politico. “Please use the new option responsibly.” “Hopefully this is the beginning of the end for the black market today,” he added. Before Friday’s vote, the leaders of several federal states called for a mediation committee to be convened to resolve disputes over the legislation with the Bundestag. Had the mediation committee been called, enactment of the cannabis legalization plan would have been delayed, likely by about six months. The states raised concerns about an amnesty provision in the law that requires judicial review of tens of thousands of past cannabis cases, fearing the process would overwhelm the courts. Some also criticized the maximum cannabis possession amount as too high and called for weed prohibition zones near schools and kindergartens. A motion to convene a mediation committee was offered but did not gain the number of votes needed for approval. The Bundesrat then voted to approve the plan to legalize cannabis in Germany, which will join Malta and Switzerland in the small group of European nations that have approved limited cannabis legalization plans. Niklas Kouparanis, the CEO and co-founder of Frankfurt-based medical cannabis company Bloomwell Group, says that the legalization of adult-use cannabis in Germany will also have a significant impact on the nation’s existing medical marijuana industry. While there are now an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 medical cannabis patients in Germany, Kouparanis says that number is likely to increase by as much as 10 times when reclassification goes into effect. “While it will probably take some time before the first licensed clubs – permitted under the new law – produce significant amounts of recreational cannabis, the CanG is the best news for the German medical cannabis industry since the ‘Cannabis as Medicine’ law passed in March 2017,” Kouparanis wrote in a statement to High Times. “Starting April 1st, medical cannabis will no longer be classified as a narcotic, and can now be prescribed by physicians as a completely ‘normal’ Rx, such as antibiotics or high-dose ibuprofen,” he added. “This reclassification significantly reduces costs and other administrative burdens to access–from cultivation to further processing and distribution, to storage to dispensing in the pharmacy.” The limited cannabis legalization bill adopted on Friday is considered the “first pillar” of Germany’s cannabis policy reforms, Politico reports. The “second pillar” is expected after the decriminalization plan is in effect, and will consist of five-year municipal pilot programs for state-regulated cannabis to be sold at licensed retailers.

https://hightimes.com/

Going Rogue

If you’ve ever driven from California to Oregon by way of Interstate 5, it’s likely that you’ve passed right by the Rogue Valley. This region of southern Oregon, comprised of the two bordering Josephine and Jackson counties, is home to the Rogue River, a 215-mile waterway that moves westward until it hits the coast. Unlike more prominent areas of the Pacific Northwest, such as Portland, Oregon, or almost all of Washington state, southern Oregon’s Rogue Valley has a unique climate perfect for farming. Jessica Clements, founder of Güd Gardens, has been cultivating cannabis in Oregon since 2010. “This little pocket that I’m in on the Rogue River, just outside of Grants Pass, is a small mini valley of flat, arable land, all irrigated by the Rogue River,” Clements says. “When I found the property, I couldn’t believe it. I was like, ‘This is insane. This is everything I wanted.’” The Emerald Triangle is known worldwide for its ideal growing conditions, but Clements believes that southern Oregon also shares that benefit. “California gets all the clout for being, you know, some of the best climate to grow cannabis, but southern Oregon is this little pocket like microclimate, that is very similar to [Northern] California’s,” Clements says. “And so [when] you think of Oregon, you think Portland, Seattle, the Pacific Northwest, it’s just like rainy, and you know, kind of cool and dark in the winter. But we get incredible amounts of sunshine. In the summertime, we have a long growing season.” Clements started by cultivating medical cannabis but immediately knew she wanted to move into recreational cannabis once voters approved Measure 91 in 2014. Recreational cultivation licenses in the state were granted starting in 2016, and in 2017, Clements applied for a license, was approved, and harvested her first crop all during the same year. Over five years later, Güd Gardens has expanded to include five farms. The first Güd Gardens farm, also where Clements resides, includes 10,000 square feet of outdoor canopy, a greenhouse, and a 6,900-square-foot indoor facility. “So this has kind of all the components that you would ever want for multiple growscapes in which we can do our breeding, our pheno hunting, and I do our year-round indoor cultivation here,” she explains of the primary farm, which she calls the “OG flagship farm.” “The greenhouse allows us to expand our nursery, and then we do some greenhouse [cultivation] in the summer and late fall and then the outdoors with the full sun, you know, one harvest a year outdoor.” When Güd Gardens expanded to include additional farming properties, Clements focused exclusively on outdoor cultivation. “I love indoor. I appreciate its place in the world, but like, my gosh, if you’re in southern Oregon growing indoors, that’s wild to me,” Clements says. “So when I built the other farms, they’re full-sun outdoors, so each of them is like the maximum canopy limit, which is [one] square acre of just full sun outdoor.” With a total of 4.5 acres of outdoor canopy to work with (a half-acre on the flagship farm, plus one acre for each of the other farms), Güd Gardens has managed to establish a massive presence in Oregon. Clements says that 2023’s growing menu consisted of a whopping 173 different cultivars. In addition, Güd Gardens merged with a local extract company called Higher Cultures in 2021. Approximately half of Güd Gardens’s harvests are freshly frozen and used to make everything from distillates to live resin batter for Higher Cultures products. Güd Gardens’s extensive selection of cultivars showcases a wide variety of strains bred by famous breeders like Exotic Genetix and 3rd Coast Genetics and local breeders like StaeFli Farms. Güd Gardens grows both through seeds and clones. When considering which strains to grow, Clements says that it comes down to two things. First, she wants to retain a varied selection of sativa, indica, and hybrid products. “While I hate it from a cultivation standpoint, the taxonomy of sativa/indica/hybrid, there’s a lot of problems with that, but it is kind of what we all agreed upon as like how we’re going to qualify, you know, the effects of the products right now that we’re selling and that people are buying,” Clements says. More importantly, though, she wants to see Güd Gardens continue to offer a diverse selection of flavor profiles, especially when pursuing a variation in concentrate selection. “If you’re going into the sativa realm, you’re gonna get a lot of citruses. You know, there’s a lot of those like brighter, lemony/piney experiences, but we like to find unique cultivars that express differently, right?” Clements says. “We don’t want a sativa library that’s all lemon, or, you know, all pineapple or all Tangie. We’re looking for some diversity within that.” Every few months, Güd Gardens focuses on hunting for new and exciting genetics to add and experiment with. Its most recent hunt included gear from Countree Grammer and Big Papa from Skunk House Genetics, Dad Breath from Masonic Seed Co., Deep V from Thug Pug Genetics, and PermZ from Lost In Translation (LIT) Farms, among many others. The Güd Gardens team has also spent the last few years experimenting with their own internal breeding program. Clements says they started building the program between 2021 and 2022 using southern Oregon staples like Purple Hindu Kush, Jager, and Lemon Sour Diesel. However, their in-house breeding portfolio has expanded to include a few interesting results. Warp Speed (Galactic Runtz x Runtz Buttons) was the first to be announced online from this breeding program. Clements explains that Warp Speed has been “wildly popular.” “We chose to share pollen from Galactic Runtz with several receivers; this offspring was a clear winner,” Güd Gardens announced online last summer. “This gorgeous plant has reflective trichomes and an ultra-gassy, chemical-rich, nose-wrinkling scent. It finishes with a sweet fruity flavor that makes this one of the more dynamic and highly potent experiences from our garden.” Likewise, another in-house bred cultivar, Elon’s Yacht (Galactic Runtz x Tropical Fusion), which features a musky, men’s cologne aroma, was another surprise winner with Oregon consumers. That one was turned into rosin and BHO by Higher Cultures. “A seriously divine cross of tropical terpenes and ultra-gassy skunk combine to create a bright green mature flower with a sweet flavor and the familiar gas of the classic Galactic,” Güd Gardens says on Instagram. “Perhaps the most notable quality of this genetic is its ability to create high-yielding and mouth-watering rosin.” Clements recalls that one surprising cultivar creation came in the form of a plant strongly reminiscent of turkey gravy, so the team aptly named it Gravy (Tropicana Punch x Point Break). “There’s still these unique profiles presenting themselves, and I think that’s what a lot of the really interesting breeders are chasing too,” Clements says. Ultimately, Clements thinks that over the past five years or so, consumers have become overwhelmed with a wide variety of new strains whose flavor profiles and qualities are very similar to classic strains. “I’ll tell you what, Purple Hindu Kush in southern Oregon, it’s like people come back to that. And the Blue Dream? People are coming back to that now,” Clements says. “I think everyone got kind of hit over the head with all the new stuff, and those [classics] sell great too. We put a Blue Dream cart out, we put Blue Dream in a bag and sell the flower, and we can’t keep it in stock.” Güd Gardens has found a sweet spot for cultivating unique cannabis in the Rogue Valley, but there’s even more to look forward to soon. Earlier in 2023, Higher Cultures began selling extracts in New Mexico, and Clements is making plans to check out property to expand Güd Gardens into the Land of Enchantment next. This article was originally published in the March 2024 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

Bruno Worldwide

Over the last few years, the world of professional joint rollers has exploded with Bruno Van Holland right amongst the front of the pack. Best known as simply Bruno, Van Holland’s attempt to elevate the live rolling experience with his always dapper haircut, tuxedo vest, and giant smile has endeared him to the cannabis world. And I mean that in the most literal sense as I’ve personally accompanied him to the Canary Islands and Denmark, not to mention all of our domestic adventures. Everywhere we’ve been, folks were quick to pull out their phones to catch a shot of Bruno in action. And it’s not just a personality thing. Bruno’s rolls are top-class, be it regular joints or hash holes. He’s also pulled the whole rolling team he’s assembled up to a high level. As we jumped on a call with Bruno to chat about his adventures, he immediately noted that he and the team were in prep mode for two events that night. Things have gotten action-packed since his return to his home in California from South Korea in 2020. While overseas he used his Cali growing experience to help some friends get set up. Just after that South Korea trip, he spent a month in Cuba touring tobacco plantations. There he watched how the experts roll. “And then right before that, I had just spent six months in Korea growing basically like the largest indoor facility in Seoul, Korea,” Bruno told High Times. “I was growing for six months in Korea before I came back to the states. And that’s how I got my story. That’s where I met my wife. I was showing the people in Korea how to grow California weed and smoke like we do. It was definitely an experience that got me started on thinking international because Korea was my first time out of the country.” Bruno points to a gig he got with Hash and Flowers in the summer of 2021 as the moment everything changed for him. He argues that the full-ounce hash hole stuffed with 8 grams of rosin put him on the map in the first place. That was also when he knew he had to figure out how to do this full-time. “The Delta Boys hit me up and said we would like to do a roll. We’d like to have your roll in our stores. They need a roller and they would like to do a collab with me,” Bruno said. “They had me roll 2,000 joints by myself.” The ball kept rolling as more and more people got wind of what Bruno was up to. He quickly became a regular on the California scene. Whether it was a sesh, party, or big industry event like Hall of Flowers, you could expect to see that staple bow tie and vest. Eventually, he would pair up with one of his favorite rollers, Grasshoppa, and the duo would turn the live experience into Luxe Roll Bar. Bruno called Grasshoppa a major inspiration for his live rolling events. Bruno’s first dabblings into international rolling activities were pretty basic as he coached his fans worldwide on how to do a better job with their rolls. Bruno would get the call to travel to the Canary Islands to judge the Canary Champions Cup in the spring of 2023. He was a hit with the locals and those who had made the short trip from Europe to enjoy the sun, hash, and flowers. “We absolutely loved having Bruno come through to the islands, one of the most charming and calm individuals to ever grace the industry,” the Champion’s Cup founder Lawrence told High Times. “He’s always on deck to roll up something special! The fact that his rolls are so well presented and he wears a tuxedo when in this flow state of paper wizardry just reconfirms we made an excellent choice to invite him out for the cup. We are so happy to see someone with talent like Bruno taking huge leaps towards their goals and still finding time to spend with the little guys.” I was sitting next to Bruno at the judges table for two days as I watched a carousel of European hitters come up to watch him roll or chat it up. Bruno emphasized he was in shock that people knew who he was. “That was amazing that anybody outside of my group of friends knew who I was, and that there were people that wanted to meet me and take a picture with me. That blew my mind,” Bruno said. “That just doesn’t happen to somebody that just rolls joints. I don’t know. But I feel like in that community, they were very welcoming. And they liked me. They liked what we’re doing here in California as far as rolling joints.” But Bruno noted that people are looking for the upgraded experience that he’s offering. “The bow tie and the whole classy look and bringing it into a wider audience like, this is fancy, this is really nice. It’s not just we’re just smoking pre-rolls, it’s something fancier,” Bruno explained. We asked Bruno what it’s been like comparing elite rolls around the world. “Different areas in the world have different styles of rolling? Even here in America, I noticed that they’ll roll differently in different parts but the biggest difference, in California versus everywhere else in Europe, was the backstrap,” he said. Bruno explained the backstrap is where, instead of sticking the gum line at the very end, you are rolling it with the paper upside down so that tuck is with the gum line and then there’s going to be an excess paper that’s folding off and you would have to rip that off or burn it off. This common European method creates less paper that you’re burning and smoking. Bruno went on to note, “Back here in California, we roll joints so big that we use all that paper and so it’s that. There’s a bit of a difference there.” Another obvious giant difference for Bruno between the two sides of the Atlantic is that practically everyone in Europe is smoking spliffs, such as old-school Moroccan hash or flower paired with tobacco. A fun reaction you’ll see when traveling with Bruno is people seeing how big his joints are. He laughs at how shocked they are to discover it’s all flowers inside. “Whenever they see one of my joints, their eyes get so big because they don’t smoke like that,” Bruno said. “They don’t have the amount and access to the flower.” As for his favorite places to roll so far? Bruno has a deep love of sitting in front of Amsterdam coffeeshops and rolling up as he looks at the canals. Currently, California is the epicenter of the elite rolling scene. A lot of the biggest rollers in the game call the Golden State home just like Bruno. We asked if any other locations seemed to be catching up in his travels. “I knew that Michigan has a lot of really good rollers,” Bruno replied. “If not for California, Michigan has the best rollers in the United States.” Bruno noted next when it came to speed, Amsterdam had some of the fastest rollers he’d seen. He further argued Amsterdam is where there should be more famous rollers. “I’m surprised that in Amsterdam, they don’t have the live rolling like we do here,” he said. He feels that everybody there rolls their joints, so they don’t see it as needing somebody to roll for them. “But I think that they’re going to have live rolling and it’s going to be more centered around somebody like a chef that makes these joints or that’s the roller there in that coffeeshop,” Bruno predicted. “[People will say] ‘Oh, you have to get his rolls, they’re the best.’ I think that that’s the spot where people are going to start finding legendary rollers.” When asked about his favorite rollers of the moment, he quickly pointed to Weavers, June Da Goon, and his good friend Grasshoppa. Bruno sees himself and his peers as rollers and the top tier rollers being the bartenders of parties from now on instead of having bartenders be there. He argued that live rolling should be a part of more normalized aspects of society like movie theaters and sporting events. But Bruno warned that it’s not all sunshine and perfect rolls. Every week he hears about a new professional roller. “I’ve seen them come and go over the years,” Bruno said. “The ones that can stick around are the ones that have put in 10,000 rolls. The guys that have been here since the beginning. There’s a rolling community that will point out when it’s not good. And we know what the not good rolls look like.” Bruno emphasized that everyone knows what’s going on and if a person is putting out subpar rolls and calling themselves a professional, they make all professional rollers look bad. “And being an active member of the community, you have to point that out. It’s like hey, [you] can’t call that a professional roll when it’s not a professional roll,” Bruno said. “There should be some guidelines or some approval like who said it? I don’t know I sometimes…I just get upset when I see that.” The conversation turned to how critical the hash hole has been in the international rise of the professional roller. Bruno said that the rise of Fidel’s Hash Holes changed everything, and that wave of popularity has been paying his rent for the last three years plus all the other niche jobs it created for the community. As for where Bruno is heading next, he is setting his sights on rolling in Thailand and New York. This article was originally published in the March 2024 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

My Spannabis Experience

Barcelona… what a beautiful city with such a rich cultural heritage. Amazing food, amazing people. This was my first homage to Spannabis since 2019 and while a lot of things have changed, some have stayed the same. The main thing that stayed the same is the fact that weed is still illegal. Even though Barcelona has basically become little California with the availability of most desired major brands in most social clubs, that does not mean that people can move like they do in California. Police do not need probable cause to search you. According to Spanish law, the use of cannabis products is decriminalized for personal cultivation and use, and other purposes other than sale or trade. It’s illegal for trade or commercial purposes. AKA that does not mean you can smoke freely on the street or have any amount of anything on you; at the very least you’ll catch a fine. Spanish legislation states that the consumption or possession of “toxic drugs, narcotics or psychotropic substances, even if they are not intended for trafficking, in places, roads, establishments public or public transport” is considered as a serious offense, and imposes a fine ranging from EUR 600 to EUR 30,000. The police tried to gang-stalk me walking 3 meters from my taxi into my Airbnb at 3 AM one night. I saw them coming down my street, flip a bitch, and park not far from me. I already had my keys in my hand and I heard them whistle like a construction worker would catcall a woman on the street. I, of course, did not look up, and in fact have never opened a door so quickly in my life. I ran up the stairs and proceeded to look out of my window and saw them posted up looking at my building. I had only a personal amount on me but would rather spend that EUR 600 on more constructive things, not to mention my idea of personal use may not fit their criteria of a personal amount. What a strange little game of cat and mouse. According to the powers of the internet, there are over 450 cannabis social clubs in Spain and they are supposed to be for residents only. I very much enjoy smoking at these places but much prefer them when every clout jockey from around the globe are not present. Honestly everything about this series of events is absolute madness which is not a bad thing but can be a lot. I personally enjoy all of the excitement. Spannabis is an event that attracts both the best breeders in the world, and also the shadiest, no integrity having salesmen that would rerock their own mothers for a few bucks over a three day weekend in Europe. My personal highlights were meeting @karmagenetics, @grounded_genetics, and seeing my friends @ciphergenetics, @nyceeds718, @piffcoastfarms, @fidelsworldwide, @serge_cannabiss, @terphogz_offficial, @doja.pak (@dukeofdoja) and my personal favorite breeder of all time @nineweeksharvest. So many more to name here but enough name dropping lets get to the real. Selling “white label” seeds in fancy packaging is much easier than selling white label pack in fancy packaging. Seeds have no distinguishable characteristics besides tiger stripes and all of the packs are usually sealed. What’s to stop even the biggest names in the game from sourcing any old bullshit and giving it some fake lineage on a mylar then running said mylar through the sealer so you couldn’t even check them if you tried—not that you would find out what they actually are by looking at them. The average Spain resident makes about EUR 12,000 per year. Selling fake nonsense at an astronomical ticket is so disrespectful to the country of Spain and entire game, it’s crazy to me that allegedly reputable people would try such a thing. Selling seeds is essentially selling dreams and not even a magician could sell hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of made up folklore crosses with fake names. The top breeders gear will herm under the wrong conditions, and as my good friend @masonicsmoker4.0 always says, if it herms it’s because people can’t grow for shit and it’s all user error. On a serious note, to expect to germinate a seed and immediately flower it and not have a terrible experience is a ridiculous concept. In my experience the process should be to pop the seed, clone it, cull the seed start, then flower clones from your new mothers. In other words, flower and hunt through your generation two clones to see a more realistic expression of the plant. Also when hunting, I think its very important to be hyper critical and be prepared to throw 99% of new gear in the trash bin; they all can’t be winners just because you took the time and spent the money to pop and hunt. Shout out to everyone putting in the work to push the culture forward, especially regarding genetics.  I love hash. I love rosin. However, I do not love seeing the same strains win every competition especially from the same group of people. Everyone has an opinion on how these things should be judged, how people should be smoking, how people should be judging, who should be judging… To me it’s becoming too obvious that some people care soooo much to the point they’re going to make sure that they win, and if they don’t win they’re going to make sure their friends win. This is not a personal attack on anyone or any competition. If you love this plant enough to physically wash it in damn near freezing conditions, let alone all of the prep work, packaging and everything else involved, especially actually growing it yourself… you are in fact a crazy person and we can be friends. I was contemplating not saying any of this for political reasons but it needs to be said. Variety is the spice of life and as much as I too love these winning strains I find it extremely one-sided to continue to see the same patterns.  Spannabis and its surrounding events are world-class and unlike anything I’ve ever experienced in the U.S. If you’ve never been, go. Just be careful. I would suggest spending some time before or after the events just to see how Barcelona is without every cannabis personality at every single event taking up precious oxygen. Travel around Europe a little as well if you can take the time to do so. Thank you to everyone that made this trip memorable. 

https://hightimes.com/

SoCal City, Costa Mesa, Officials Consider Sweeping New Rules for Dispensaries

In an “hours-long discussion,” the officials on a Costa Mesa panel considered various ways of amending the city’s laws governing legal cannabis shops. Those laws “have engendered complaints from neighbors and proprietors alike,” according to the Los Angeles Times, which said that Tuesday’s meeting “ended with a flurry of motions from City Council members that, if approved, could have sweeping local impacts on the industry.” The Times reported that the council “considered a slate of recommendations submitted by the Planning Commission in three earlier public hearings and cataloged in a draft revision of the original 2021 ordinance.” “But where commissioners went in with scalpel-like precision, carefully weighing potential edits against real-world consequences before posing eight specific suggestions, the City Council adopted a somewhat scattershot approach,” the Times said. The publication Voice of OC reported that the Costa Mesa City Council is “looking to limit the number of retail cannabis shops to 35 after city officials began questioning just how many should operate within the city,” while also “eying how close the shops should sit next to homes, youth centers and other cannabis storefronts.” “Part of my intent today is to not only figure out the new buffers and also the cap, but also to address issues raised by the industry,” Manuel Chavez, a member of the Costa Mesa City Council, said at Tuesday’s meeting, as quoted by Voice of OC. “I think we’re doing a piece by piece approach which is fine but I do want to make sure we’re reforming some of the comments we hear from the industry.” According to the Los Angeles Times, the council “generally supported establishing a separation requirement of 250 feet between any new cannabis dispensaries and residentially zoned properties and 1,000 feet between storefronts and youth centers where children recreate.” More from the Times on the measures considered by the council: “If passed, such a rule would make any already-approved shops inside that red zone ‘legal, nonconforming’ businesses. Although they may continue to operate in violation of the new rules, it’s not clear whether that status could hamper a property or business in the future. The panel also agreed to process up to 35 cannabis business permits, to allow would-be operators who’ve already passed a pre-application stage to continue the process. After that, through attrition, a new citywide cap of 10 dispensaries could be instituted upon final approval. But because a cannabis business permit runs with an individual operator and may not be transferred if a dispensary is sold, it is unclear whether another owner would be able to apply for a new permit or be shut out by the cap.” Voters in Costa Mesa, a city in Orange County of around 17,000 people, approved a ballot proposal in 2020 called Measure Q, also known as the Costa Mesa Retail Cannabis Tax and Regulation Measure, which “allows the City to adopt rules permitting retail cannabis uses within the City, including storefronts (dispensaries) and non-storefront uses (delivery only),” according to the city’s official website. Measure Q also established “buffers between some properties and storefronts to limit the distance between them,” which the Costa Mesa City Council began considering last fall. In October, the council “voted unanimously for staff to take another look at the buffers,” directing the “planning commission [to] first consider any changes and make recommendations to the council within the next two months,” according to Voice of OC. “The current ordinance does not include buffer zones between storefronts and residential areas. Some residents have expressed concerns about the distance of cannabis storefronts from residential areas and schools and the overconcentration of the businesses, especially at Broadway and Newport Boulevard…Local officials are also concerned for the well-being of students as they pass many cannabis stores on their commute to school,” the outlet reported in the fall. “My kids are eight, and they ask me all the time, ‘What’s Nectar? What’s Mr. Nice Guys?’ It’s hard to explain to them what’s going on in the community,” Erik Weigand, a Newport Beach councilmember, said at the meeting in October. Alex Frank, an attorney representing home and business owners in Costa Mesa, said that if “four cannabis businesses are put at that corner, it will effectively turn that corner into Costa Mesa’s cannabis row, and it will do so less than 25 yards from homes and many families in our community,” according to Voice of OC. “My firm has been retained to encourage the city to reverse course on this before pot shops dominate that corner and damage my clients’ businesses and their homes. And if the city will not do that, my clients intend to proceed with litigation to seek damages for the resulting injuries,” Frank said at the meeting, as quoted by the outlet.

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State Attorneys General Ask Congress To Regulate Intoxicating Hemp Products

Nearly two dozen attorneys general from across the country wrote a letter to congressional leaders this week, urging them to enact legislation to federally regulate intoxicating hemp products. In the letter, the top law enforcement official from 21 states wrote that the legalization of hemp with the 2018 Farm Bill has resulted in “the proliferation of intoxicating hemp products across the nation and challenges to the ability for states and localities to respond to the resulting health and safety crisis.” The letter, dated March 20, was addressed to the committee chair and ranking minority members of the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, & Forestry and the House Committee on Agriculture. The correspondence was led by Indiana Attorney General Todd Rokita and Arkansas Attorney General Tim Griffin, both Republicans, and co-signed by the attorneys general of 19 additional states, including Democrats and Republicans. In their letter, the state officials call on the leaders in Congress “to address the glaring vagueness created in the 2018 Farm Bill.” The legislation has led to the proliferation of products containing psychoactive novel and minor cannabinoids that can be derived from hemp, including delta 8 THC, THCA, HHC and others. “The reality is that this law has unleashed on our states a flood of products that are nothing less than a more potent form of cannabis, often in candy form that is made attractive to youth and children — with staggering levels of potency, no regulation, no oversight, and a limited capability for our offices to rein them in,” reads the letter. To address the issue, regulators and lawmakers in many states across the country are seeking ways to stem the tide of unregulated intoxicating hemp products, arguing that they pose a health risk, particularly to young people. Advocates for tighter controls on intoxicating hemp products in states with legal weed note they pose a competitive threat to licensed marijuana businesses, which face the high costs and taxes often associated with the regulated pot industry. Regulating intoxicating hemp products has been resisted by some businesses and industry advocates. Some companies marketing intoxicating hemp products have filed lawsuits to block new regulations, arguing that the 2018 Farm Bill specifically legalizes hemp-derived cannabinoids other than delta-9 THC. These legal actions have produced mixed results. In Arkansas, a federal judge issued a preliminary injunction in September that bars the implementation of a law to ban intoxicating hemp products.  “These inconsistent court rulings are part of the reason I have urged Congress to step in and create consistency across the nation to protect our children from these dangerous drugs,” Griffin said in an email to Politico. California Attorney General Bonta, one of the attorneys general who signed the letter to congressional leaders, said that intoxicating hemp products constitute a health risk for young people. “Our children deserve better,” Bonta said in a statement. “The 2018 Farm Bill, however well-intentioned, created a loophole that has led to the proliferation of products, often containing synthesized cannabinoids, that are more intoxicating than legal and regulated cannabis products. These products often take the form of candy and are designed to appeal to young people and children. California prohibits intoxicating cannabinoids in hemp products, whether naturally derived or synthetic. The California Department of Justice will continue to protect the legitimate businesses who are operating responsibly in this space.” The letter calls on the leaders of the congressional agricultural committees to take action to regulate intoxicating hemp products by redefining hemp in the next farm bill, which is currently being debated in Congress. The legislation, which guides policy on a wide range of issues related to agriculture, is updated every five years, although progress on last year’s anticipated renewal of the legislation was delayed to this year. “The reason Congress needs to act is that its definition of industrial hemp is the original source of the problem and the confusion that has sprung up around what is allowed and what’s not allowed under state and federal law,” Indiana Solicitor General James Barta said in an interview with Politico.

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Organs from Cannabis Consumers Don’t Pose Risks of Infection

A study published in the American Journal of Transplantation recently shows that organs that come from donors with a history of recent cannabis use don’t show signs of infection or significant risk. The study was conducted by a handful of researchers from University of California, San Francisco, University of Pennsylvania, and Temple University, and funded by National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Transplant Foundation Innovative Research Grant Program. Researchers examined information from three specific transplant centers located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between transplants that were conducted by the Gift of Life Program between January 1, 2015-June 30, 2016. According to the CDC, organ transplant patients take anti-rejection medicine that lowers their body’s immune system response, which helps their bodies accept the new organ. That same medicine can sometimes lead to mild or life-threatening infections, which can develop days, weeks, months, or even years after transplant surgery occurs. The authors explained that cannabis leaves sometimes contain harmful bacteria or fungi, and inhaled cannabis has also been found in relation to infections in transplant patients. This study addressed the question regarding if cannabis consumer’s organs are harmful to patients on the organ receiving end. “The goal of our study is to better characterize the infection risks that marijuana use among deceased organ donors may pose to [solid organ transplants] recipients,” the authors wrote. The authors explained the importance of their findings amidst the rising percentage of people consuming cannabis regularly. “It is likely that a growing proportion of deceased organ donors have a history of marijuana use, as well, though this metric has not been specifically reported,” authors said. The study examined donors with cannabis use within the last 12 months prior to the study, as well as donors with no recent cannabis use history. “Despite concern that donor exposure to marijuana increases the risk of fungal infection in recipients, our study found that a donor history of marijuana use did not increase (1) the likelihood of donor culture positivity (including respiratory cultures), or (2) the risk of early recipient bacterial or fungal infection, graft failure, or death posttransplant,” the study stated. “Even when evaluating only lung recipients, there remained no association between donor marijuana use and the risk of posttransplant infection.” The researchers explored a variety of data from the three transplant facilities, such as donors who experienced bacterial or fungal infections, or if the transplant failed and led to death in the patient. Overall, organs from consumers with recent cannabis use posed little threat to the patients. “Among donors with a history of recent marijuana use, 79 (89%) had at least 1 positive culture, compared to 264 (87%) among those with no history of marijuana use,” researchers wrote. “On donor respiratory cultures, 76 (85%) donors with a history of recent marijuana use and 250 (82%) donors with no history of recent marijuana use had bacterial or fungal growth on respiratory cultures. On both unadjusted analyses and multivariable analyses, there was no association between recent donor marijuana use and donor culture positivity.” However, it’s important to note that the data that researchers reviewed was collected well after transplants occurred, and relied on next-of-kin to help measure a patient’s cannabis use. This was described as an “imperfect measure” of data collection. “In conclusion, our study demonstrates that donors with a history of recent marijuana use are not more likely to have positive donor cultures, and their recipients are not more likely to develop a bacterial or fungal infection, graft failure, or death in the early posttransplant period (in the context of current management),” the study concluded. “These results suggest that organs from donors with a history of recent marijuana use do not pose significant novel infectious risks to recipients in the early posttransplant period.” Currently, medical cannabis patients often experience discrimination when seeking out health care, but specifically encounter restrictions when it comes to organ transplants, according to a report published by the Petrie-Flom Center at Harvard Law School last October. “Many transplant centers prevent cannabis users from receiving solid organ transplantation due to concerns regarding interactions between cannabis and immunosuppressant drugs used for transplants, treatment non-adherence, fungal infections, and neuropsychiatric effects,” the report stated. As a result, medical cannabis patients are often ineligible for transplant. The review adds that larger-scale studies are needed in order to determine if medical cannabis consumption “…should not be an absolute contraindication to solid organ transplantation.” Furthermore, some research shows evidence of medical cannabis helping to prevent transplant rejection in some patients. Last year, another study found that cannabis use isn’t a risk for liver transplant patients. Researchers found no correlation between cannabis and non-cannabis users, stating that there was “no statistically significant associations between marijuana use with post-transplant bacterial or fungal infections, medication non-compliance, or continued substance use.”

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Study Aims To Determine Role of Shrooms in Battling Alcoholism

A study based in Canada aims to shed light on the potential for psilocybin’s role in battling the beast that is alcohol addiction. Researchers associated with the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada started to recruit 128 patients to embark on the largest single-site trial of its kind in Canada to find out. Psilocybin will be sourced from mushrooms by Burnaby, British Columbia-based Filament Health, by workers who extract psilocybin and put it into capsule form. The trials earned an exemption from Health Canada in order to use a controlled drug that remains illegal at the federal level. The current system isn’t working: About 70% of individuals struggling with alcoholism will relapse at some point, and furthermore, the percentage of alcoholics who recover and stay sober is about 35.9%, or around one-third. (The good news is the longer an individual is sober, his or her chances of full sobriety skyrocket.) The fact of the matter is that family intervention simply doesn’t work statistically, and that forcing someone into rehabilitation rarely works—at least, not without an alternative approach. The Calgary Herald reports that the goal is to determine if administering psilocybin will enhance the effect of psychotherapy sessions for those with alcohol use disorder (AUD). People have been exploring the role of shrooms in battling AUD since at least the 1960s, when the topic began appearing in books. “What’s new is taking a scientific approach to demonstrate it has an impact,” said Dr. David Hodgins, a professor of clinical psychology at the U of C’s faculty of arts. “There are a lot of beliefs about what the possibilities are—it would be really nice to see the science there.” Participants will undergo about an hour of psychotherapy, which would be followed by a psilocybin session lasting five to six hours, according to Dr. Leah Mayo, principal investigator and Parker Psychedelic Research chair at the Cumming School of Medicine. “It’s what you’d think of a psychedelic trip—the visuals, the profound insights,” said Mayo, adding that patients would receive another psychotherapy session afterward. “It is going to be done in a very controlled environment with a trained therapist.” Patients will undergo a total of 16 weeks of follow ups after their dosing session and researchers hope to have results by the end of the year. “They can open up a therapeutic window of opportunity—the brain becomes more elastic, people are open and more receptive,” she said. “Cognitive flexibility is staying out of that rigid thinking and becoming more adaptable.” The current approach, which isn’t working well, “is a more confrontational approach, this model (we’re using) avoids confrontation,” said Hodgson. “It’s a process that encourages a lot of self-reflection—if people identify and focus on the reasons they want to make changes in their lives, they’re much more likely to succeed.” Researchers hope to create a standardized protocol that can be applied by other researchers and, perhaps eventually, be used on a larger scale to help people battling alcoholism. It’s psilocybin’s power to increase cognitive flexibility that makes the compound so unique. Recent research suggests psilocybin can help with other conditions like treatment-resistant eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia. Last June, researchers announced what they said is the first randomized controlled trial examining psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for AUD, however that study only involved 13 participants. A 2023 study published in the journal Psychology of Addictive Behaviors by the American Psychological Association on June 5, 2023 found that psilocybin can be an effective treatment for people with alcohol addiction. Entitled “Reports of self-compassion and affect regulation in psilocybin-assisted therapy for alcohol use disorder: An interpretive phenomenological analysis,” the study was conducted by researchers from New York University and University of California, San Francisco, as well as a psychedelic integration and psychedelic-assisted therapy business called Fluence. The study objective was to “delineate psychological mechanisms of change” for those who suffer from AUD. “Participants reported that the psilocybin treatment helped them process emotions related to painful past events and helped promote states of self-compassion, self-awareness, and feelings of interconnectedness,” researchers stated. “The acute states during the psilocybin sessions were described as laying the foundation for developing more self-compassionate regulation of negative affect. Participants also described newfound feelings of belonging and an improved quality of relationships following the treatment.” Based upon this evidence, researchers explained that psilocybin “increases the malleability of self-related processing, and diminishes shame-based and self-critical thought patterns while improving affect regulation and reducing alcohol cravings,” the authors concluded. “These findings suggest that psychosocial treatments that integrate self-compassion training with psychedelic therapy may serve as a useful tool for enhancing psychological outcomes in the treatment of AUD.” The evidence is piling up and developments are underway to form a protocol for battling AUD with the help of psilocybin.

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Cannabeginners: What is Caryophyllene?

Caryophyllene, commonly referred to as beta-caryophyllene (BCP), is the primary terpene that contributes to the spiciness of black pepper and also a major terpene in cloves, hops, rosemary, and cannabis cultivars like Acapulco Gold. BCP has some of the same medical benefits that most cannabinoids and terpenes do, working as an anti-inflammatory and painkiller, but has some very unique properties, like reducing alcohol intake and potentially prolonging life.  BCP is one of the larger and more complex terpenes, a sesquiterpene made of three isoprene rings with some unique features like a cyclobutane ring, which is rarely found in nature. Research on small-molecule drug candidates has increasingly focused on cyclobutanes because of their “relevant biological properties,” and BCP is no exception. While the caryophyllene most commonly found in cannabis and food is BCP, there are two other types of caryophyllene found in cannabis and elsewhere in nature. Trans-caryophyllene (TC) is a sesquiterpene that frequently appears in cultivars rich in BCP, and it has “similar medicinal properties to other terpenes but does not activate the endocannabinoid system.” Caryophyllene oxide is a result of the oxidation of BCP, so in a sense, it is to BCP what hashishene is to myrcene.  While the foundational study that documented the most common terpenes in cannabis did report on the amounts of TC and caryophyllene oxide they observed, they did not record the amount of BCP in samples. They found that TC was the second most abundant terpene in the cultivars they looked at, with 3.8% to 37.5% of the total terpenes. The percent of caryophyllene oxide ranged between just trace amounts to 11.3% in one sample. According to the cannabis testing lab ACS Laboratory, caryophyllene oxide is “the aromatic component drug dogs smell to identify cannabis” and it is found in lemons, oregano, and eucalyptus.  If you’re a cultivator wondering if there is a way to boost the amount of BCP in your plants, you’re in luck. It seems that all you need to do to raise the amount of BCP and humulene in your plants is to grow them in the sun rather than indoors. The theory is that those terpenes act as protection against UV light, so growing outside will naturally increase those defenses. BCP is unique among all other terpenes, as it was the first terpene that has been identified to be a “dietary cannabinoid.” In other words, it is a cannabinoid you can get by eating food rather than consuming cannabis. Specifically, BCP was found to interact with the body’s CB2 receptor sites as if it were a cannabinoid.  There are many dietary sources for BCP, including herbs and spices like black pepper, cloves, or rosemary, but another major source for BCP is from green leafy vegetables. While not sources of BCP, brassica vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower are sources of other dietary cannabinoids, as well as chocolate and echinacea.  Like many cannabinoids and terpenes, BCP is an analgesic painkiller, specially a local anesthetic. A 2014 study found that BCP “may be highly effective in the treatment of long lasting, debilitating pain;” specifically researchers found BCP “exerts analgesic effects in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.” Another common medical property of cannabinoids and terpenes is fighting inflammation, and BCP is no exception. Research suggests that “Given the excellent safety profile of BCP in humans it has tremendous therapeutic potential in a multitude of diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.” Further study of BCP’s ability to curb oxidative stress has shown it to be “a natural antioxidant” with benefits to people suffering from liver fibrosis. Inflammatory Bowel Disease is another inflammation-based condition that BCP could be “a possible therapy for” due to its activation of CB2 receptors.  Cancer is another common medical condition that people turn to cannabis to treat. Both BCP and caryophyllene oxide have multiple demonstrated benefits to people with cancer, including inducing apoptosis, suppressing tumor growth, and inhibiting metastasis. BCP has also been shown to potentiate, or increase, the effectiveness of the anti-cancer drug paciltaxel. Anxiety and depression are both commonly occuring comorbidities in people with cancer, and research has shown that BCP won’t just fight cancer, it will also help people suffering from mood disorders.  Nearly 12% of Americans have either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and they are in luck, because BCP is a safe, abundant, and promising molecule for diabetes and its complications. Specifically, BCP’s anti-diabetic activity is connected to its use as an antioxidant, and it is capable of inhibiting “high glucose-induced oxidative stress.” As diabetes is one of the top causes of death in the US, BCP offers a readily accessible way to prevent some of those deaths. Another top cause of preventable deaths in the US is from excessive consumption of alcohol, and research shows BCP reduces alcohol intake in rodent models. Both BCP and TC have been shown in multiple studies to be neuroprotective agents that protect the brain from ischemic injuries (strokes).  Perhaps the most impressive property of BCP is that its ability to control oxidative stress is powerful enough that it has been shown to prolong the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. While humans are quite different from nematodes, these worms are heavily studied and considered a “useful model for studying aging mutations.” So chances are, since BPC has an effect to extend a nematode’s life, then it likely will have some impact to improve a human’s lifespan as well. Clearly more research is needed but these findings make BPC very unique among all cannabinoids and terpenes.  Caryophyllene is one of the most common terpenes in cannabis and BCP is the first “dietary cannabinoid” to be identified, which is something that interacts with your endocannabinoid system found in food. While one form of caryophyllene is what drug dogs sniff for, another form may actually be able to extend your lifespan. 

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Study Underscores Value of Spiritual Health Practitioners in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies

A new study points toward the value of spiritual health practitioners (SHPs), noting that they “bring unique and specific expertise to psychedelic-assisted therapy” and underscoring the potential benefits that may come with including these professionals as part of therapeutic teams. Psychedelic-assisted therapy is becoming more prominent to assist in otherwise difficult-to-treat conditions, like treatment-resistant depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders. These treatments involve the administration of a psychedelic compound, like psilocybin (the psychoactive compound in magic mushrooms), ketamine, LSD or MDMA, coupled with psychotherapeutic intervention or support.  Researchers from Emory University note the prevalence of spiritual practitioners throughout history into present-day practices, though the roles and competencies of these professionals is rarely explored in research.  These practitioners include those who have traditionally served in settings providing care to patients who share their denomination, though the term has also evolved to more generally describe those providing spiritual support for those of any or no religious affiliation. These roles also tend to require significant training. Researchers note that psychedelic-assisted therapy typically includes a preparation period prior to a dosing session followed by an integration period, each meant to maximize therapeutic value and minimize challenges related to the experience. The study adds that SHPs “may have unique, and uniquely valuable, contributions to support the participant’s wellbeing” and help them benefit from psychedelic-assisted therapy. To further investigate the role practitioners can play in psychedelic-assisted therapy, researchers examined interviews with 15 SHPs who have facilitated regulated psychedelic-assisted therapies. Questions covered an array of topics relevant to the roles of practitioners, like opinions of the importance of personal psychedelic experience, ethical concerns surrounding psychedelic-assisted therapy, spiritual outcomes of therapy and questions surrounding the emerging field of SHPs as part of psychedelic-assisted therapy. Researchers then applied thematic analyses to their contributions, resulting in seven sub-themes from discussions through all stages of psychedelic-assisted therapy. These themes include competency and training to work with spiritual material, awareness of power dynamics, familiarity with non-ordinary states of consciousness, holding space, offering a counterbalance to biomedical perspective, use of generalizable therapeutic repertoire when facilitating psychedelic-assisted therapies and interdisciplinary collaboration. The study notes that these themes describe both the unique contributions of SHPs along with the general contributions, consistent with a common skill set shared among clinicians with different backgrounds and specializations (like the use of generalizable therapeutic repertoire and interdisciplinary collaboration). “The major themes identified within this study highlight the important training and formation required for SHPs to provide their essential contributions to the interprofessional [psychedelic-assisted therapy] team,” authors note in the study discussion. “All of the identified themes in this study are closely tied with existing competencies that are established foci for SHP training.” Namely, researchers note that the disciplines embraced by SHPs can be helpful to those undergoing a psychedelic experience, offering a “comfort and familiarity” without judgment for patients. Researchers also note that SHPs tend to have specialized training and understanding in matters of power, justice, equity and inclusion, often embedded within theological education and their specialized training. Understanding the specific experiences and identities of patients, and how these factors impact their lives, can offer another valuable element of awareness and sensitivity when it comes to psychedelic-assisted therapy, authors note. “SHPs may also act as liaisons with Indigenous spiritual practitioners in order to enhance clinical practices for the benefit of participants while honoring the historic and ongoing relationships with plant medicines in Indigenous communities,” authors note. They reference that the study is limited due to its qualitative and retrospective nature, citing that it “cannot address questions of causality or speak to the effectiveness of the therapeutic approaches used by the SHPs.” Since the study also solely relies on interviews with SHPs in legal contexts, researchers also note that it may exclude perspectives of those who have worked in community-based, or underground, contexts. Still, researchers recommend that training programs and developing certifying bodies take the contributions of SHPs to psychedelic-assisted therapy seriously and that these practitioners be considered among other trained professionals as this therapeutic option grows in prevalence. “Furthermore, as standards of care are developed, it will be important to not only include SHPs as professionals who can provide [psychedelic-assisted therapy], but to also ensure that other professionals are not neglecting the spiritual, existential, religious, and theological concerns that arise in the course of treatment,” researchers conclude. “Given the potential for FDA approval of some psychedelic substances in near future, these are important and timely steps for the field.”

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Report Reveals Europe’s Cannabis and Cocaine Capitals, Dutch Cities Reign Supreme

A new report reveals the cities in Europe with the highest concentrations of cannabis and cocaine use, based on sewage surveys. Perhaps unsurprisingly, Dutch cities including Amsterdam and Rotterdam took home some of the top spots for the cities with the highest concentrations of cocaine and cannabis use, respectively, and ranked high in several other categories.  Spanning the course of a week during spring 2023, a team of researchers tested the water in sewage treatment plants in 88 cities in 24 European countries, NL Times reports. The study was conducted by researchers associated with the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).   Once researchers collected samples of sewage, they then calculated the concentration of six drugs in the wastewater per 1,000 residents to make the results comparable. The drugs researchers checked for are methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, amphetamine, cannabis, and ketamine.  The Dutch cities that opted to participate among the 88 cities were Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Leeuwarden, Utrecht, and Eindhoven. By leaps and bounds, The Netherlands ranked very high for drug use, with at least one Dutch city in the top five cities in terms of drug use concentrations—for almost all measured narcotics.  Rotterdam is the cannabis capital of Europe, according to the report, being the city with the highest concentrations of cannabis residues in its sewage, out of the 88 European cities surveyed. The city came in second place for MDMA as well. Amsterdam, Leeuwarden, and Rotterdam ranked third to fifth place for cocaine use, after Antwerp and Tarragona.  Cocaine is the most popular drug in Amsterdam, ranking third, based on the sewage samples that were collected. Some results were surprising. Leeuwarden’s drug use, for instance, is surprisingly high, NRC reports. Leeuwarden came third and Amsterdam fourth in terms of cannabis use. Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Utrecht are all in the top five for MDMA, while Leeuwarden came in seventh place. “If you look at the demographic profile of Leeuwarden, it is not a city with many students or tourism,” says Trimbos researcher Laura Smit-Rigter, coordinator of the Drugs Information and Monitoring System. The drug residues measured in the city are very telling, she said. “In Leeuwarden it is on the high side, yes.” Last October, Mayor Sybrand Buma (CDA) of Leeuwarden was shocked when he saw the figures on drug use in his city. He told Dutch outlet Omrop Fryslân, “These are things that I know as mayor, but if you look at everything together, you see how serious the situation is here in Leeuwarden.” Trimbos researcher Laura Smit-Rigter revealed that she wants to be cautious, adding that Dutch cities are no different than any other large European cities. “Based on this measurement, you can see that Rotterdam has a clear metropolitan profile, just like Amsterdam and other major European cities. That involves some drug use.” For Smit-Rigter, the drug residues in the wastewater are one of the pieces of the puzzle of drug use. “These figures tell us something about the total consumption. They say nothing about who the users are or how often they use. We also don’t know whether they are tourists, commuters, or residents of those cities.” More research is needed to paint a clearer picture before jumping to conclusions about Dutch cities. “In-depth research is needed for a complete picture of drug use in Dutch cities,” said Ton Nabben, researcher and criminologist specializing in drug use among nightlife crowds and at-risk youth. Nabben follows the latest developments in drug use for platforms like the Jellinek prevention and Addiction Science Netherlands (VKN). He does not immediately have a logical explanation for the sheer amount of drug residue in the Rotterdam sewers, leaving him at a loss for words. “I can’t place it. Rather, it raises more questions.” Meanwhile, The Netherlands government confirmed that its pilot program was set to kick off December 15, 2023. “The most recent planning shows that two legal growers are expected to be ready for delivery to coffee shops in the fourth quarter of 2023,” the Dutch government wrote. “This is sufficient to start the start-up phase of the experiment in Breda and Tilburg. In this phase, participating coffee shops from these municipalities may offer both legally grown and tolerated products. The next two growers are expected to start supplying coffee shops in Breda and Tilburg in February 2024.” Breda and Tilburg are located in the southern part of the country, near the border of Belgium. The Netherlands pilot program for cannabis could help reshape the country’s standing by providing regulated cannabis product instead of the legal gray area that dominates currently.

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Reported THC Potency For Cali Weed Drops After New Rules Take Effect

The median reported potency of regulated weed in California has been steadily dropping over the past six months, according to a report from Bay Area news source SFGate. The drop in potency, which includes a decline of 7% in just the past three months, coincides with the recent implementation of new state regulations governing how the potency of cannabis flower is determined by testing labs in the state. According to information from cannabis market data analytics firm Headset shared with SFGate, the median potency of cannabis flower tested in California was 30.7% in December. The data, which is based on more than 90,000 potency test results from the state, also shows that the median potency for cannabis flower had declined to about 28.5% by March 1, a decrease of about 7% in just three months. Reported cannabis potency has long been a point of contention in California’s cannabis industry. Cannabis flower that shows higher levels of THC in lab testing results is more desirable to many consumers and thus more valuable. As a result, reported median cannabis potency levels have steadily risen in California, with some retail offerings listing THC potency exceeding 30% or even higher in some cases. The drop in the median potency of California came as new regulations for a standardized cannabinoids test method and standardized operating procedures for the testing of dried cannabis flower and non-infused pre-rolls were implemented in the state in January. The rules were adopted by the California Department of Cannabis Control (DCC) in 2022 after legislation mandating the regulations was passed by state lawmakers the year before. DCC officials noted that the legislature passed the law for the new testing regulations over concerns of cannabis potency inflation and reports of “lab shopping” by businesses in the industry attempting to show test results higher than what is actually contained in the cannabis flower or product. “One of the challenges we face in regulating an industry that is not federally recognized, is the lack of standardized, and validated methods for testing,” DCC Director Nicole Elliott said at the time in a statement from the regulatory agency. “Individual, licensed laboratories use different methods which may produce inconsistent results and inaccurate data on cannabis cannabinoid content. DCC is working to change that so there is greater integrity in the market, accurate information for consumers, and confidence among stakeholders.” When the new rules for testing cannabis flower potency went into effect at the beginning of the year, the DCC reported that only 18 labs had taken the steps to be compliant with the new regulations, leading to a shutdown of flower testing at the remaining labs. Since then, the number has increased by nearly half, with 26 labs now demonstrating compliance, according to the latest data from the department. Zach Eisenberg, a vice president at San Francisco licensed testing lab Anresco Laboratories, said that the drop in the median reported potency of cannabis flower in California appears to be a sign that the new rules are beginning to have an effect. “We certainly heard from customers and potential customers that they’re seeing potency values dropping at other laboratories,” Eisenberg told SFGate. “Some labs were even proactively saying, ‘Be prepared for our results to be lower after this change.’” Eisenberg added that the drop in median potency is likely not caused by any change in the products. Instead, he believes that test results are now a more accurate indication of the reality of cannabis potency in California. “I highly doubt anything has changed in terms of the actual composition of the cannabis products,” Eisenberg said. Andrea Golan, an attorney at the Los Angeles office of cannabis law practice Vicente LLP and a member of the firm’s Regulatory Compliance and Hemp and Cannabinoids Departments, agrees, saying that it is “unlikely California cannabis is ‘suddenly getting weaker’ as the SFGate headline implies.” “For years, the efficacy of cannabis lab test results has been widely discussed across the California cannabis industry due to inflated potency test results and inconsistencies in results due to labs using different methodologies for testing cannabis,” Golan writes in an email to High Times about the regulations that went into effect on January 1.  “The change in law ends the practice of shopping for labs with less strict testing methods in order to inflate THC content,” Golan added. “Therefore, rather than cannabis getting weaker, recent changes may now provide a more accurate reflection of true potency.”

https://hightimes.com/

First Black Woman-Owned Dispensary Opens in Manhattan

Bliss + Lex is a Black woman-owned cannabis dispensary in Manhattan and its team says it’s the first dispensary of its kind to do so in a March 20 announcement. Licensed adult-use cannabis businesses are beginning to appear in New York City as they compete with unlicensed businesses.  “This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to pull up our own seat at the table in the cannabis industry. As entrepreneurs, we have a chance to create a legacy, change the trajectory of our family’s future and give back to the community in new ways,” said Nicole Lucien, co-Founder and CEO of Bliss + Lex, who is opening the dispensary with her husband, Christopher Lucien. “As a former New York City public school educator, my life has been dedicated to family and community, our careers in service, and now we are proud to share our passion for the plant.” It is Manhattan’s first Black woman-owned dispensary and a Conditional Adult-Use Retail Dispensary (CAURD) licensee. Bliss + Lex is the second retailer to open in collaboration with the Housing Works CAURD Community Initiative, which provides critical support for New York social-equity cannabis entrepreneurs. The New York Cannabis Control Board (CCB) met on Feb. 16 and voted on a few new cannabis draft rules, including cultivation and research, and also announced the first round of adult-use licenses. The CCB approved a total of 109 licenses for the state, with 38 licenses that are retail-specific, and 26 that are microbusiness licenses.  Currently, the only cannabis business license holders in the state were approved under the CAURD program, which were granted specifically to social equity applicants. While those business owners hold conditional licenses, the CCB’s most recent round of licenses are the first non-conditional licenses to be granted, meaning that they did not qualify as social equity applicants. They benefited from a New York state program that prioritizes giving people with criminal histories the first retail licenses to sell cannabis in the state, as Nicole’s husband has a prior conviction. “Never in my wildest dreams did I think a cannabis conviction, that until now has created a barrier to jobs, housing, and acceptance, would be the key to this door of opportunity for myself and my family,” said Christopher Lucien, co-founder and COO. “I’ve always been driven to support the underdog in my work in nonprofits serving the homeless, and becoming a business owner is an invigorating way to help my community.” “Housing Works is honored to work alongside and support the opening of Manhattan’s first Black woman-owned dispensary, Bliss + Lex, through our CAURD Community initiative,” said Sasha Nutgent, Director of Retail at Housing Works Cannabis Co. “This opening marks a big step forward in our efforts to build an equitable market here in New York. Nicole and Christopher represent exactly what NY’s adult-use market needs more of–mission-focused and dedicated to educating and building a fostering community–and we look forward to seeing and aiding the team’s success however they need.” Nicole is the first Black woman in Manhattan to be awarded a coveted license to open a cannabis dispensary. Her husband, also on the license, has a prior drug conviction. They benefited from a New York state program that prioritizes giving those with criminal histories the first retail licenses to sell marijuana. Christopher Lucien, owner, said, “I have tried to start several businesses like my wife was saying home improvement construction, and because of my criminal background I was denied, even after 20 some odd years of a clean record there was never a chance where I had a second chance this was always been held against me.” CCB chair Tremaine Wright spoke at a recent meeting, expressing his relief that the time has come to move forward with New York’s cannabis industry, beginning with social equity applicants. “This moment has been a long time in the making,” said Wright. “We assure you it only represents the beginning. The office has been diligently working to prepare as many applications as possible for consideration, and the board will continue to approve additional licenses at future board meetings.” He added that the CCB’s goal is to “tackle a number of the matters that we hope will help propel our industry forward.” The 2,603 square-foot retail store aims to provide highly-individualized consumer experiences including, on-the-go ordering to inclusive, step-by-step walk-through education. Bliss + Lex will carry a range of cannabis products from brands such as Off Hours, 1906, TYSON 2.0, and more. You can visit the retail store located at 128 East 86th St. with close subway access, and it is open seven days a week.  

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Comedian Dina Hashem Senses a Gulf

Dina Hashem believes the gulf is a distance between what audiences want to pay to hear and what she wants to joke about. The comic makes it sound freeing and stressful, almost an opportunity for both creative freedom and distancing. Hashem’s stand up can similarly embody multiple contrasts, effortlessly and effortfully.  For example, Hashem appears both confident and uncomfortable on stage.  Look no further than her most recent special, Dark Little Whispers (now available to stream on Amazon). The comic scores big laughs without a whole lot of bells or whistles. Hashem’s low-key delivery often just highlights how strong her material is; it doesn’t need a lot of seasoning or sugar, if you will. How do you feel after the release of your special?  Mostly anxiety.  So you’re not enjoying the sense of accomplishment? Oh no. I never feel that way. I’ve been waiting my entire life to feel a sigh of relief that I’ve done something properly. Maybe that’ll come someday. Maybe a year from now you can breathe that sigh of relief about the special? A year is optimistic. We’ll see. We’re all going to die, aren’t we? Very true. Do you look into how people react to the special or just put it out there and let it be? Well, it’s not even that I’m afraid of what people will say. I’m afraid people won’t say anything. I’m just afraid people won’t see it with the fucking algorithms. They get in your head where you’re like, oh my God, I can’t reach the people I’m trying to reach. It’s very, very frustrating, but whatever. I feel Dark Little Whispers would bring comfort to shy people or anyone with anxiety just to know, Hey, this person got through theirs, and look at them on stage. Yeah, that’s really actually one of the things that I hope, that people can get over the things that block them from communicating. Your delivery is absolutely less is more. When do you know your shyness, really, is advantageous for your comedy?  I do have a low key demeanor, but my thoughts don’t necessarily match that energy. I think it does work for comedic effect. I do think it allows some flexibility to go a little harder. If I was screaming about Jihad, I think that’d be a different vibe. That was a reference to one of my jokes, just to be clear for the readers.   You seem to enjoy it when the crowd goes uncomfortably quiet after a joke.  Definitely for my grandma joke. I mean, that joke sometimes doesn’t even get a laugh. People are just shocked when they process the information. For anything religious or political, that makes the tension release of the punchline even better.  Like the Trump thing, whenever I ask if people voted for Trump, the room always gets very tense. That’s a fun road joke because depending where you are, the reaction will be totally different. But what I like about that joke is that it doesn’t matter. It doesn’t matter who people voted for because the joke works for everyone most of the time. So it’s more of just a fun way of getting the temperature of the room and making everybody uncomfortable and seeing who’s brave enough to clap for that.  When the crowd doesn’t laugh and needs to process any information, do you kind of get to sit back and enjoy, like, this moment is for me? Definitely. I mean, the longer I do this, I care less and less about what the audience thinks, and I’m just trying to have fun and entertain myself, which is selfish and not the right thing for a performer to do. But you just get bored doing the same thing over and over. You get bored wanting to just make everyone happy. Sometimes you just want to make them upset.  Is that really selfish? If you enjoy what you’re doing, others will too, right? I think that’s true, but you can’t go too far into that because then you start losing people. It’s such a delicate balance between doing things that I think is funny and what an audience might think is good. Sometimes I feel like the chasm between those two things is growing so far that I have to stop doing this. But yeah, finding that middle ground is still necessary if you want to make any money.  When did you begin to have a good sense of what you like and don’t like to do as a comedian?  I only recently started feeling comfortable being something closer to who I am. I don’t think I’m there yet, because my demeanor or character or whatever on stage initially just came from the fact that I was extremely nervous. People would think I was just doing this shy, awkward character and I could hide behind that when, in fact, that’s just how I felt. I had never been comfortable on stage. I mean, performing is not natural to me at all.  I guess that was sort of informing my comedy for most of my career, and it was only up until a few years ago, I started to loosen up and could do more than that sort of character. I guess I got bored of ingratiating myself to crowds. In my opinion, it’s easier to get a laugh when you’re being timid and asking the audience to, in a way, find you cute, which is fine, and some people do that really well. But for me, it’s more interesting if I could just challenge them more and still get a laugh. It’s a bigger win. Which comedians do you admire in that regard?  Tim Dillon is one of my favorites. I feel like his presence is extremely challenging [laughs], but that’s what’s exciting about it. My favorite comic of all time is Norm McDonald. I don’t know if he would necessarily fall under that category, necessarily. I mean, maybe his panel interviews, but he was just always doing exactly what he wanted and saying what he wanted and trusting in his own sense of humor. I feel like that’s what everybody wants to get to. What was crazy was that he was always just saying what was in his head, and it was always hilarious. Just a magical human being. Was there a lightbulb moment that made you trust your own sense of humor more? Honestly, it was being trolled relentlessly in 2019. There’s this whole thing where Comedy Central posted this joke I did about a celebrity, and I didn’t know he had a cult following. I just got spammed with threats and hate for a year. One of those messages really got to me even more than any of the death or rape threats got to me. He was like, “You look scared on stage.” And I was like, oh my God, no one has ever said that to me before, and it’s true. He nailed it. I can’t even be mad. It’s true. I am scared and I look scared, and it bothered me so much.  Just that on top of everything else I was going through at that time with all the messages, something in it just broke me a little bit and made me let go and just realized this is stupid. What I do is stupid. Standup is stupid, and I should just try to have more fun. If I’m going to be putting myself at risk of these attacks and being misunderstood, then I might as well be doing something I want to do. Did weed or psychedelics help you at all with performing?  I will occasionally get high and think of a joke. I wish it happened more, but there are definitely jokes I thought of while I was high that I probably wouldn’t have thought of otherwise. I guess in that sense, it’s helped. Doing psychedelics has definitely just opened my brain in a way that nothing else can. Obviously, I have jokes about the experience of doing those things, so that’s helpful.  Do you actually listen to REM while doing psychedelics, or is that just the character?  Yeah, that one’s not fully accurate. Most of my jokes, I try to keep true to life. I think it’s more interesting, but that one’s a little cobbled together. I do love listening to music while I’m on any sort of drug like that. I think it’s the best, but I don’t know if I was listening to that REM song [referenced]. I had just started listening to REM only recently in my life, so it was sort of mind boggling to listen to them. They’re great. What else do you like to listen to when you get high? The Pixies are my favorite band, and their lyrics are already just so fucking out of this world that when I’m high, especially for a trip. Their lyrics are so visual. This song, “The Happening,” it’s about aliens coming down, and it just really hits differently when you’re high.  How was growing in Jersey for you? Did that environment inspire you to go into comedy at all? I dunno, I lived so much just in my own head that I feel like my environment, no matter where I was, it wouldn’t have really mattered just because I had such a sheltered upbringing. I spent so much time alone in my room. I’m really not actually a very observant comedian. I’m not observant of my surroundings at all, so I can’t quite say if New Jersey really had an impact. Maybe when I first started doing stand up, I definitely felt like the odd one out at open mics and stuff. There was definitely a brasher type of energy, and then I would go up and it’d just be a record scratch. So in a way, it helped me be comfortable doing my own thing on stage. Which rooms or venues on the road do you find challenging?  Really, any road room that is full of people who don’t know who I am, which is a lot of ’em. I did a little run of shows in Wisconsin and I never refrained from telling jokes about growing up Muslim or anything, just because I was curious myself to see how they’ll go over. But those jokes can definitely be a challenge in places like that. Not that they’re like, we don’t want to hear this, but just they’re not familiar with it, so it doesn’t hit as hard. The Mecca joke, people will just not really get it if you don’t have the foundational knowledge of certain things. But I never feel alienated anywhere. I feel like there’s this perception that, oh, if you’re a certain identity, you can’t tell jokes in a certain area, but that’s not been the case in my experience. I mean, sometimes I just jump ship. I’m like, “You know what? They’re not here on a Saturday night to hear about Islam, so let me just pivot away.” Should we also talk about the Sheraton Hotel? Any comments there? [Note: The Sheraton Hotel once turned away Dina’s family in need of shelter after they lost their home] Back to Sheraton, that is a core memory I would say in my life. Actually, someone only recently told me that they thought I was doing a parable of the story of Jesus, which I’m not familiar with. Is that the thing that Jesus was turned away from an inn? Is that part of the lore of Christianity? I have no idea, but someone brought it up to me. I was like, oh, maybe I should work that in. But yeah, they should be out of business probably. Are they? I haven’t looked up the Sheraton recently. I believe they’re still in business.  That’s a shame. I almost drowned in their pool once, as well. That’s another core memory. So, a lot of grievances against the Sheraton. Not a fan. I’m happy your Amazon dig stayed in your special.  Oh, the Bezos thing? I wasn’t sure if they were going to leave that in or not. They probably didn’t even watch the special. I wasn’t sure if that was going to fly, but Bezos, you know, he seems like a real down to Earth billionaire with a sense of humor, you know? [Laughs] They stream so much anti-corporate stuff on Amazon, I wonder, does Jeff even watch this stuff?  I cannot imagine he knows what’s going on there. I’ve noticed that as well. I mean, The Boys is such a good show, but it calls out all that shit.  I always wonder about that, too. Is that punk rock or contradictory?  I actually have a conspiracy theory about that. You notice this trend of all these shows and movies talking about how bad rich people are? I feel they’re just setting an upper limit for what we’re allowed to do to rich people. It’s like, “Oh yeah, go ahead and use your art to make fun of us. Just don’t show up at our doorsteps with pitchforks.” Like, “Oh, you got us good with your little movie, just leave us alone.” [laughs] I think there’s something there. Then they balance it out with stories like Air, you know? “Hey, capitalism, it can be pretty cool, too, right?” That’s true. They do balance it out with all of that garbage as well. What are you working on now?  I have a little movie idea that I’m working on about a woman who, well, I don’t want to give it away, but it involves porn and a woman, but there will be no porn in the movie. But I’m very excited about this idea, and then I’m working on building a new hour of material, which I don’t want to do at all. And yeah, and I’m getting into a little bit of voice work. If anyone out there wants a voice for their thing, I’m happy.  So, no excitement whatsoever about building another hour of material?  No, really, this is the most honest I’ll ever be with somebody. I don’t want to do it. I don’t think I have anything left to say. As I said, the gulf between what I want to say and what a paying audience wants to hear is enormous. I really don’t know what I’m going to do, and I’m very afraid.

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Elon Musk Says He’s ‘Almost Always’ Sober During Late-Night Posting Sessions

Elon Musk says that he benefits from the use of ketamine –– and investors should be pleased that he takes it –– but when he posts late at night on the social media platform he owns, he insists that he is rarely under the influence. The Tesla CEO made all of those comments during a well-publicized interview with the journalist Don Lemon. “There are times when I have sort of a … negative chemical state in my brain, like depression I guess, or depression that’s not linked to any negative news, and ketamine is helpful for getting one out of the negative frame of mind,” Musk told Lemon, as quoted by CNN.com.  Per CNN, “Musk added that he has a prescription for the drug from ‘an actual, real doctor’ and uses ‘a small amount once every other week or something like that.’” Musk’s drug use has been the subject of intense speculation and media coverage for years. The Wall Street Journal reported last year that Musk is known to use ketamine. “Routine drug use has moved from an after-hours activity squarely into corporate culture, leaving boards and business leaders to wrestle with their responsibilities for a workforce that frequently uses. At the vanguard are tech executives and employees who see psychedelics and similar substances, among them psilocybin, ketamine and LSD, as gateways to business breakthroughs,” the Journal reported, noting that the “account of Musk’s drug use comes from people who witnessed him use ketamine and others with direct knowledge of his use.” Following the publication of that story, Musk posted an endorsement of ketamine’s benefits. “Depression is overdiagnosed in the US, but for some people it really is a brain chemistry issue,” Musk said at the time. “But zombifying people with SSRIs for sure happens way too much. From what I’ve seen with friends, ketamine taken occasionally is a better option.” The Wall Street Journal also reported earlier this year on Musk’s drug use, noting that it apparently spooked some executives at his SpaceX. That prompted NASA to issue a statement clearing the company of any illicit activity. “The agency does not have evidence of non-compliance from SpaceX on how the company addresses the drug- and alcohol-free workforce regulations,” NASA said in a statement at the time. “We expect our commercial partners to meet all workplace safety requirements in the execution of those missions and the services they provide the American people.” In his interview with Lemon, Musk said that his use of ketamine should not concern investors. “From a standpoint of Wall Street, what matters is execution,” Musk said, as quoted by CNN. “Are you building value for investors? Tesla is worth about as much as the rest of the car industry combined … so from an investor standpoint, if there is something I’m taking, I should keep taking it.” More from CNN’s report on the interview: “While Musk said he doesn’t drink and doesn’t ‘know how to smoke pot,’ he didn’t specify whether he was talking about ketamine or another substance when he said he is ‘almost always’ sober while posting late at night…Musk also discussed the state of the core advertising business on X, which has suffered since the billionaire acquired the company formerly known as Twitter because of a rise in hateful and controversial content on the platform. Musk previously said advertisers who left X over concerns about antisemitic content could ‘go f**k yourself’ and accused them of killing the company.” Musk’s interview with Lemon has drawn considerable attention this week for its contentious exchanges. The tension spilled over and apparently prompted Musk to cancel a planned deal with Lemon, the former CNN host, to host a new show on the social media platform X. “Elon publicly encouraged me to join X with a new show, saying I would have his ‘full support,’” Lemon said in a statement last week. He added that Musk’s “commitment to a global town square where all questions can be asked and all ideas can be shared seems not to include questions of him from people like me.” At one point in the interview, Lemon asked Musk about the uptick in hate speech on the platform, formerly known as Twitter, since Musk took it over a year ago. “I don’t have to answer questions from reporters, Don,” Musk said in response, as quoted by CNN. “The only reason I’m doing this interview is because you’re on the X platform and you asked for it. Otherwise, I would not do this interview.” In a statement of its own, X said, “The Don Lemon Show is welcome to publish its content on X, without censorship, as we believe in providing a platform for creators to scale their work and connect with new communities. However, like any enterprise, we reserve the right to make decisions about our business partnerships, and after careful consideration, X decided not to enter into a commercial partnership with the show.”

https://hightimes.com/

Proposed Tennessee Rules Seek To Close Hemp THCA Loophole

Proposed rules to regulate hemp in Tennessee could put a limit on the total amount of all forms of THC allowed in products, potentially closing what some see as a legal loophole that has led to the marketing of hemp flower high in THCA. When smoked, THCA converts to delta-9 THC, the cannabinoid primarily responsible for the psychoactive effects of weed. In April 2023, Tennessee lawmakers passed legislation to regulate and tax hemp products grown, manufactured and sold in the state. Under the bill, the Tennessee Department of Agriculture was tasked with developing rules to govern the industry, including regulations for product testing, compliance and enforcement. In December, the department released a draft proposal of the new rules mandated by the legislation. The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp at the federal level, defining hemp as cannabis that contains no more than 0.3% delta-9 THC. Using this definition, many hemp growers have begun producing cannabis that is high in THCA, a cannabinoid that is converted to delta-9 THC when subjected to heat through a process known as decarboxylation.  Federal regulations require hemp to be tested for THC content within 30 days of harvest, using a test that combines the amounts of delta-9 THC and THCA using a specific formula to determine total THC. Cannabis with more than 0.3% total THC at testing time is considered marijuana under federal law and is still illegal. Some hemp growers, however, have developed agricultural processes and strains of cannabis that do not express high levels of THCA until late in the 30-day testing window. By testing early in the window, growers can produce hemp flower that complies with regulations at testing time but has high levels of THCA after harvesting and packaging. As a result, THCA hemp flower is available in many states that have not legalized cannabis, despite the fact that it is psychoactive when smoked or vaped. The companies marketing these products argue that they comply with the Farm Bill and thus are legal. Others, however, see this interpretation as a loophole that is likely to be closed. Already, several states have taken steps to regulate hemp cannabinoids. “There is a very cat’s-out-of-the-bag mentality around it. Some people view this as the actual legalization of cannabis in America,” Madeline Scanlon, cannabis insights manager at market data analyst firm Brightfield Group, told MJBizDaily. “Other people view this as a loophole to be squashed and are advocating for it. But no matter, it’s out there,” Scanlon added. “People can buy it just like they would normal cannabis.” The new rules proposed by the Tennessee Department of Agriculture would redefine hemp by requiring finished products to have no more than 0.3% total THC. Hemp advocates say the rule would make many THCA, delta-8 THC and CBD products that are available now illegal, with devasting effects on the state’s hemp growers and retailers. “Unfortunately, they are regulating it out of business,” Kelley Hess, executive director of the Tennessee Growers Coalition, told the Chattanooga Times Free Press in January. “They are creating law in the rules and are exceeding their authority in creating a new definition of hemp in the rules outside of the law.” The Department of Agriculture’s proposed rules would also allow it to conduct random inspections and test products being sold by retailers. Hemp advocates argue that by the time the products have been manufactured and received by retailers, some THCA may have decarboxylated, making them contain more than 0.3% delta-9. Hess says that the rule would “wipe out” the industry for THCA and CBD flower in Tennessee. “There is practically no way that a farmer or grower could meet all the rigorous standards on the growing side in addition to all of the standards they have put on for their products to be put on the shelf,” Hess said. The Department of Agriculture held a public hearing on the proposed rules in February. According to the Tennessee Growers Coalition, between 200 and 300 hemp industry supporters attended the hearing to express their views on the draft rules. Andy Chesney, owner of the Hemp House in West Knoxville, testified before regulators at the hearing. “By eliminating THC, you’re not really gaining the full effects of the plant, or the full benefits of it,” Chesney said. “And so from a consumer perspective, the frustrating part is that what seems to be considered by the powers that be in Tennessee, is this getting high and regulating people who are attempting to get high.” Kim Doddridge, public information officer for the Tennessee Department of Agriculture, said after the hearing that the agency is currently reviewing the public comments and developing the final rules. She also noted that the law requires the department to finalize the new rules by July 1. “The record, responses, and final rule coming from the February 6 hearing will be submitted to the TN Attorney General’s Office,” Doddridge said, according to a report from local media. “Their office will review the final rule for legality and constitutionality, and if approved, the final rule will be filed with the Secretary of State’s Office and will be effective 90 days later.”

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African County of Eswatini Introduces Medical Cannabis Legislation

The landlocked country of Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland), located in southern Africa, recently made a move to legalize medical cannabis. According to a report from VOA Zimbabwe, King Mswati III and the Eswatini government have introduced medical cannabis legislation hoping that it will help curb illegal sales and allow the country to benefit from tax revenue. “The legislation will also provide measures to guard against increasing the black market,” said spokesperson Alpheous Nxumalo. “This has robbed government taxes, Eswatini, an opportunity to grow their economy and robbed even the farmers themselves who have been trying to make a living using this cannabis. We look forward to the unbanning of the cannabis plant as an opportunity to develop the country, our economy and to empower Eswatini themselves.” Currently only one company, Profile Solutions, has been approved to be a legal cannabis cultivator in Eswatini. If medical cannabis is legalized in the country, it would amend a statue that was implemented by the British in 1922 through the Opium and Habit-forming Drugs Act. British control over Eswatini lasted from 1903-1968, but the country’s name of Swaziland wasn’t changed to its current name until 2018. VOA Zimbabwe obtained a statement from Dr. Thys Louren, a medical practitioner with Occupational Health Eswatini, who believes that medical cannabis legalization would provide a multitude of benefits for the country. “I stand here urging for the transformative change of Eswatini’s health care landscape toward a healthier and more sustainable Eswatini,” Louren said. “It is not just a medical decision but a holistic solution for our patients, community and economy.” The news outlet also spoke with Business Eswatini CEO E. Nathi Dlamini, who explained the necessity of bringing Eswatini up to speed with the global medical cannabis industry. “Many countries are well ahead in this regard in terms of developing industries to support investment, create jobs which by the way, we desperately need,” Dlamini said. “As Business Eswatini, we are very thankful that from the highest authority of the land now, we are beginning to be one-minded on this.” Additionally, residents such as merchant Maqhawe Tsabedze admitted that he’s put his kids through school while thriving from illegal cannabis businesses. “The decriminalization of cannabis will help a lot and will perhaps stop police from raiding and confiscating our products, which we make a living from selling,” Tsavedze said. “Rain or sunshine, we make sure we put bread on the table so that our children do not go to bed on empty stomachs. Since there are no jobs, we make a living from selling cannabis on the streets.” The medical cannabis legalization proposal has only been introduced, and requires a three-fourths vote in both the House of Assembly and Senate before it can be passed into law. Previous attempts to get medical cannabis legalized in Eswatini have fallen short. One version was tabled by the Eswatini Ministry of Health in 2020, and resurfaced in May 2023, according to a report from Semafor Africa. The news outlet spoke with the Eswatini Cannabis Association (ESA) at the time, who explained that the proposed bill would establish a Medicines Regulatory Authority to “import, export, and trade in, by wholesale, cannabis and cannabis products.” “They cannot be both the referee and the player at the same time,” said ESA chair Saladin Magagula at the time. “You cannot as an authority give yourself an export and import license while also issuing the same to people.” However, farmers who rely on illegally cultivating for their livelihood voiced concerns about legalization. “Lomtsetfo [the law’ might make things worse because the rich companies will become our competition,” said an anonymous farmer. Eswatini is home to more than 1 million people, and a large percentage of which suffer from HIV/AIDS. In 2021, The Guardian covered how older women were illegally cultivating cannabis (called “Swazi Gold”) to help both their families as well as children who were orphaned as a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. “Poverty led me into this business,” one woman said. “There are no jobs. These children need to go to school but there is no help at all from government. I have to commit crime, farming weed, to ensure I take care of them. I had three children but they all passed away, leaving me with five grandchildren to care for. All my children were HIV positive and they died because of that. I also take care of two other children, relatives to my late husband, whose parents are also dead.” The country was also the feature of a documentary by Strain Hunters in April 2013, which explored both the cannabis industry as well as genetics unique to the region. Other countries in Africa have begun to embrace cannabis. Medical cannabis sales were approved back in July 2022 in Zimbabwe. Last November, the South African National Assembly approved a cannabis bill that decriminalized cannabis, but did not legalize sales. It does, however, allow residents to cultivate their own plants for personal use.

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