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Hemp News, Laws & Product Updates

A curated news hub focused on hemp regulation and policy changes, cannabinoids (CBD/Delta-8/Delta-9/hemp-derived THC), lab testing and COAs, product safety, brands, and industry trends.

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https://hightimes.com/

New Orleans Police Say Rats Are Eating Weed Stored in Evidence Room

Police officials in New Orleans this week told a city council committee that rats have taken over the department’s downtown headquarters, saying that the rodents have been eating marijuana stored in an evidence room. Anne Kirkpatrick, the superintendent of the New Orleans Police Department, told the city leaders at a meeting on Monday that the rats are apparently enjoying the food source sitting in an evidence room at police headquarters. “The rats are eating our marijuana,” Kirkpatrick said, according to a report from online news source NOLA.com. “They’re all high.” The superintendent was reporting to the council committee on the condition of aging police facilities around New Orleans. In addition to eating drugs in the evidence room, rats are reportedly found throughout the building, spreading feces across the desks of police officers and other department workers. The building is also infested with cockroaches, Kirkpatrick reported. The department’s problems at police headquarters are not limited to pests. The building also has mold and elevators, HVAC equipment and plumbing that are old and deteriorating.  An NOPD veteran speaking to a reporter anonymously said that the downtown police headquarters has been infested with rats throughout his almost two decades with the department. He also noted that some officers report coughing or sneezing after visiting the moldy building, which has served the police department since 1968. “It’s horrible. I don’t think it ever recovered from Katrina, to be honest,” the officer said, referring to the 2005 hurricane that devastated New Orleans. “The basement was full (of flood water). You get a lot of rodents that climb through the walls. Some things you just can’t get to, so there has always been some type of rodent, bugs, rats, mice, whatever.” The police department has been asking for a new headquarters since before the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, the department asked for $39 million to build a new base of operations, but the project was not funded by the city council.  Kirkpatrick, who took over as superintendent in October after moving to New Orleans from the West Coast, renewed the push for a new department headquarters, a source told NOLA.com. Kirkpatrick was “adamant” about a new facility for the department’s officers and staff of 400 who work at the aging building.  At Monday’s meeting, Kirkpatrick described the building as a “turn-off” to prospective employee transfers from other areas as well as the personnel that already work there. “It’s not OK, and it’s not OK for people to be treated that way and be called valued,” she said. The superintendent also noted that the poor condition of police facilities goes beyond the department’s downtown home. “It is not just at police headquarters. It is all the districts. The uncleanliness is off the charts,” Kirkpatrick told the council members on the committee. “The janitorial cleaning [team] deserves an award, trying to clean what is uncleanable.” Kirkpatrick was at the meeting to ask for the committee’s approval of a proposal to house the department on two floors of a new high-rise in downtown New Orleans for 10 years while a plan for a permanent facility is developed. The committee approved a motion to authorize the move, sending the plan to the full council for a vote. Gilbert Montaño, the city’s chief administrative officer, described the headquarters move as a “Herculean lift.” Once the headquarters has been temporarily relocated, additional buildings in the downtown justice complex will also be vacated. “I foresee most of the criminal justice agencies will have to be temporarily housed as we address these old decrepit buildings,” said Montaño, according to a report from The Guardian. “Right now, we are addressing police headquarters because it is in dire straits.” The problem with rodents eating weed being stored as police evidence is not new. In addition to the report from New Orleans, police departments in South America and Asia have reported similar stories of hungry rodents fiending on pot, The Guardian noted. In 2018, the outlet reported that eight police officers in Argentina were fired after they reported that mice had eaten nearly 1,000 pounds of pot that had disappeared from a police warehouse about 35 miles away from Buenos Aires.  “Buenos Aires University experts have explained that mice wouldn’t mistake the drug for food, and that if a large group of mice had eaten it, a lot of corpses would have been found in the warehouse,” a spokesperson for a judge who was reviewing the case said at the time. Four years later, CNN reported a story from northern India, where rats had allegedly eaten more than 1,100 pounds of weed that had been seized from pot dealers and stored in a police warehouse. “Rats are small animals, and they aren’t scared of the police,” an official told a court in Uttar Pradesh.

https://hightimes.com/

Washington To Do Away With 37% Medical Cannabis Tax

Lawmakers in Washington State “recently passed a bill granting an exemption from the 37% excise tax for medical marijuana patients and designated providers,” according to Forbes. The passage of the measure eliminates  what has been characterized as “one of the highest tax rates imposed on medical marijuana products.”  The bill, HB 1453, was originally introduced last year.  Per an official legislative summary of the proposal, the bill aimed to provide “a tax exemption from the 37 percent cannabis excise tax for qualifying patients and designated providers with a recognition card on purchases of cannabis products that are labeled as Department of Health (DOH) compliant product and tested in accordance with the DOH’s rules.” “There is levied and collected a cannabis excise tax equal to 37 percent of the selling price on each retail sale in Washington of cannabis concentrates, useable cannabis, and cannabis-infused products. This tax is separate and in addition to general state and local sales and use taxes that apply to retail sales of tangible personal property, and is not part of the total retail price to which general state and local sales and use taxes apply,” the summary said. “The tax must be reflected in the price list or quoted shelf price in the licensed cannabis retail store and in any advertising that includes prices for all cannabis products. All revenues collected from the cannabis excise tax must be deposited each day in the Dedicated Cannabis Account.” The summary continued: “A tax exemption is provided to qualifying patients and designated providers who hold a recognition card, from the 37 percent cannabis excise tax, on their purchases of cannabis products that are labeled as a Department of Health (DOH) compliant product and tested in accordance with the DOH’s rules. Each seller making exempt sales must maintain information establishing eligibility for the exemption in the form and manner required by the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (LCB). The LCB must provide a separate tax reporting line on the excise tax form for exemption amounts claimed.” The Seattle law firm Harris Sliwoski provided more background on the measure and its journey through the Washington legislature, noting that the 37 percent tax imposed an unnecessary burden on patients. “On March 6, 2024, the Washington Senate passed HB 1453 which will provide an exemption from the 37% excise tax for medical cannabis patients and designated providers. The bill now waits for signatures and executive action to become law. First introduced in 2023, HB 1453 sought to harmonize the existing medical exemptions from general sales and use taxes with the 37% excise tax on cannabis sales,” the law firm explained. “Medical cannabis patients and providers face a significant financial burden when patients and providers are unfairly taxed the same as recreational consumers. Primarily, medical cannabis is not recreational or a luxury, but a necessity for many people who suffer from chronic pain, epilepsy, PTSD, and other conditions. Medical cannabis is often the only effective treatment that allows them to function and improve their quality of life. Medical cannabis patients and providers must already jump through additional regulatory hoops to stay compliant with the LCB and the DOH and the imposition of additional taxes only exacerbates this hardship. Medical cannabis patients and providers follow strict rules and guidelines to access the medicine not required by recreational cannabis users and providers, and it is unjust to further penalize those medical patients and providers.” As the firm pointed out, the 37% tax was all the more onerous given that medical cannabis is both “already expensive and not covered by insurance or public health programs.” “Adding a tax aimed at recreational sales on top of that makes it even more unaffordable for many patients who are already struggling financially. This can force them to reduce their dosage, switch to cheaper but less effective products, or even turn to the recreational market which does not have the same DOH requirements and compliance standards,” the firm said. “Taxing medical cannabis patients the same as recreational consumers is a form of discrimination that harms their health and well-being. It also goes against the principle of harm reduction, which is one basis of medical cannabis legalization policy.” The bill will now head to the desk of Democratic Gov. Jay Inslee. If he adds his signature, the bill “will take effect ninety (90) days after the adjournment of the current legislative session and will provide medical cannabis patients and providers a much-needed tax exemption for their medicine,” Harris Sliwoski said. “Washington lawmakers have finally acknowledged that medical cannabis should be treated as a medicine, not a commodity, and exempted from the 37% excise tax along with the current exemption from general and local sales and use taxes,” the firm added. 

https://hightimes.com/

Connecticut To Show Price Per Gram of Flower Online

Connecticut’s Department of Consumer Protection (DCP) published a new dataset, showing the price per gram of “usable cannabis” sold in the state’s adult-use cannabis and medical marijuana markets, according to a March 11 press release.  The dataset’s category “usable cannabis” essentially means flower and includes raw flower in whole, ground, or pre-rolled form, without additional extracted materials. Currently, a gram of cannabis in California is hovering around $12 per gram, which is slightly up from years prior. The Register Citizen reports that the average price per gram of cannabis in Connecticut has increased steadily for months since October 2023, when the cost of cannabis was at $9.68 per gram—its lowest since adult-use sales kicked off in the state. The price of flower in Connecticut has increased, going from an average of $11.93 per gram in January to $12.28 per gram in February.  “In February, the average price per gram of usable cannabis was $12.28,” the announcement reads. “The new dataset includes data collected since the market opened in January 2023.” According to High Times Trans-High Market Quotations in the March issue, which does not track the price per gram, the average price of an ounce across America was $296. This means that when you’re buying in bulk, the average price per gram dips to around $10. The state recorded $15.6 million in adult-use cannabis sales during the month of February, plus an additional $9.4 million in medical cannabis sales, for a total of $25 million in total cannabis sales, state data shows. It represents a $2.6 million decrease in total cannabis sales from January, when sales were down $2.6 million from the previous month.  The dataset was added as part of the Department’s monthly data release, which to date has included total retail sales, number of products sold, average product price, and types of products sold. The most recent data for each dataset have also been published in accordance with the Department’s monthly cannabis data schedule. The data will continue to be updated monthly on or after the 10th of each month. Going forward, DCP will make announcements when new datasets have been made publicly available, and the DCP will no longer issue monthly press releases related to existing datasets. Reporters and members of the public who are interested in new monthly data published to existing datasets should check ct.gov/cannabis monthly on the 10th or the first business day after the 10th of each month. The data does not include taxes collected at the point of sale on adult-use transactions, and medical cannabis patients do not pay taxes. Last November, Connecticut regulators doubled the amount of adult-use cannabis consumers can purchase in a single transaction. Connecticut’s cannabis regulatory agency announced an increase in the amount of cannabis that can be bought in a single transaction by doubling the state’s limit on recreational marijuana purchases. Under the new regulations approved by the DCP, adult-use cannabis consumers are permitted to purchase up to a half-ounce (about 14 grams) of cannabis flower or its equivalent beginning next month.  The limit on purchases of medical marijuana has not been changed. It remains at 5 ounces of cannabis flower or the equivalent monthly, with no limits on purchases in a single transaction. “DCP has continually reviewed available supply and demand since prior to the launch of the adult-use cannabis industry in January 2023,” DCP Commissioner Bryan T. Cafferelli said in a statement from the agency. “As more retailers, production companies and other supply chain licensees have come online, the capacity of the industry has increased. We are confident this measured approach to adult-use sales has resulted in a healthy market for businesses, and a safe and fair marketplace for adult-use cannabis consumers and medical marijuana patients.” Connecticut collects data through BioTrack, the state’s Seed-to-Sale Tracking System, a real-time inventory system used to track an individual cannabis plant from the point it is planted as a seed or clone to the point of sale. All medical and adult-use cannabis licensees are required to input data into this system, showing the movement of cannabis products as they are grown, manufactured, tested, and ultimately sold. (Information about the person who purchases the final cannabis product is not recorded.)  Connecticut officials record cannabis sales data every month, so you can map the steady march of adult-use cannabis sales by looking at month-to-month sales on one of their many graphics. DCP does not make revenue projections, set sales expectations, collect taxes, nor do they regulate prices. The DCP also provides information to protect consumers from common scams and other threats.

https://hightimes.com/

New Study Reveals Ayahuasca Has Potential To Treat Stress-Related Disorders

A study published in the British Journal of Pharmacology last month explored how ayahuasca (shortened to AYA for the use in this study) and DMT interacts with serotonin receptors in the part of the brain that regulates fear. The authors explained that ayahuasca has been found to be useful in treating humans for depression, trauma, and drug use disorders, but little research has been conducted regarding how ayahuasca affects specific parts of the brain. Researchers specifically sought to examine ayahuasca’s effects on aversive memories, or negative memories. Specifically, the study shows evidence of ayahuasca affecting fear memory extinction. While all living things develop a response to a stressful or fear-induced situation, fear memory extinction is when the subject’s response to a recurring stimulus is decreased over time. Study author Leandro Jose Bertoglio, who is a professor of pharmacology at the Federal University of Santa Catarina in Brazil, told Psypost.org about the study approach. “Our rodent lab investigates the brain and molecular mechanisms underlying memory formation during threatening or stressful experiences. We focus on developing pharmacological approaches to weaken the expression of aversive memories,” Bertoglio said. “Collaborators within our network are studying ayahuasca, a popular brew in Brazil and the Amazon, for its potential to treat depression and ethanol dependence. Given our expertise in fear extinction—the process where a neutral memory suppresses an aversive one—we are exploring ayahuasca’s impact on this process. The extinction likely forms the biological foundation for some psychotherapies.” The study included 331 Wistar rats, which commonly exhibit freezing behavior in response to fear. Researchers applied a fear condition procedure twice per day, which would cause the rats to freeze, and recorded the amount of time that they froze to determine the fear extinction. Over time, they provided varying levels of ayahuasca to the rats. The effects of ayahuasca were consistent with both on rats with 1-day-old memories, as well as those with 21-day-old memories, of the fear conditioning. Results show that all of these rats exhibited some form of fear extinction, even when different ayahuasca doses were administered. Researchers explained that serotonin receptors (5-HT2A and 5-HT1A) in the part of the brain that manages fear, the infralimbic cortex, were being activated during ayahuasca use, and thus affecting fear extinction. “Orally administered ayahuasca accelerates fear extinction and its retention in female and male rats,” Bertoglio continued. “This effect is associated with N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and involves the activation of two serotonin receptor subtypes (5-HT1A and 5-HT2A) in the infralimbic cortex. This brain region, homologous to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in humans, is crucial in regulating memory extinction.” There are many studies that showcase the evidence of 5-HT2A receptor as it interacts with the use of psychedelic substances, but there is less known about the 5-HT1A receptor and how it interacts with psychedelics. “Compared to the 5-HT2A receptor, the participation of the 5-HT1A receptor in the effects of ayahuasca and other classical serotonergic psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin and LSD) has been less explored,” Bertoglio explained. “Our research aimed to elucidate the role of both receptors, demonstrating that DMT’s action on both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors contributes to enhanced fear extinction.” Researchers concluded that ayahuasca facilitates “behavioral suppression of aversive memories in the rat infralimbic cortex,” which also suggests that both ayahuasca and DMT could be used to treat specific stress-related disorders. According to Bertoglio, this research will open the door for more opportunities in the future to explore how psychedelics can affect long term fear memories, such as those suffered by post-traumatic stress disorder patients. “Our goal is to advance understanding of how and where psychedelic substances act when modulating the expression and persistence of aversive memories,” Bertoglio concluded. “These studies foster collaborations and their findings encourage related studies with humans.” Personal accounts of patients seeking out ayahuasca treatment experiences have spoken out about the benefits they received. Heavyweight boxer and Olympic medalist, Deontay Wilder, recently spoke out in December 2023 about how he was “reborn” after experiencing ayahuasca treatment in Costa Rica. “Ah man, ayahuasca has been… man it’s been one of the top things in my life that I’m glad that I’ve experienced,” Wilder said. “One of the best journeys to experience, it’s been a beautiful thing for me and if you ask my wife [Telli Swift] she’ll say that it made me more sensitive, and she’s probably right, but it also made me happier as well.” Other psychedelic substances are also being praised for providing unique benefits to patients, and the public opinion of psychedelics is quickly becoming mainstream. A recent study published in the American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience this week found that nine out of every 10 Americans approve of psilocybin being administered in a controlled setting with the intention of treating specific conditions. Another recent study published in Neuroscience Applied shows that psilocybin can actually reduce a person’s response to “angry facial expressions.” Researchers examined the amygdala part of the brain that regulates emotions. “We found that [the] amygdala response to angry faces was significantly reduced during exposure to psilocybin as compared to baseline, whereas no significant changes in amygdala responses to fearful or neutral faces were observed,” the authors wrote.

https://hightimes.com/

Study Explores the Positive Effects of Free Cannabis Donations

Last week, a new study published in the Harm Reduction Journal reported that donating cannabis for free could be a successful method of harm reduction in the U.S. Entitled “Cannabis donation as a harm reduction strategy: a case study” claims to be the first of its kind to study the benefits of giving away weed for free. The team was made up of five researchers from RTI International, Rutgers University’s School of Social Work, and San Francisco General Hospital. According to the Michigan Regulation and Taxation of Marihuana Act, giving away up to 2.5 ounces of cannabis (or up to 15 grams of concentrate) is legal as long as the recipient is over 21 and “as long as the transfer is not advertised or promoted to the public.” Researchers analyzed a harm reduction program and studied administrative data between September 2021-May 2023. Ten program participants who were “cannabis-experienced,” and received donations weekly, or via delivery, were the focus of the study. The program staff were permitted to determine “client interest and appropriateness” when providing the cannabis donations, which could be done if there is excess product, or “especially when they have personal experience using cannabis to mitigate the dangers of the substance.” Cannabis donations are largely unregulated, staff are trained to provide cannabis to those in need. “While the policies surrounding the regulation and distribution of cannabis can still present barriers towards this practice, harm reduction staff working in the field see the potential benefits of cannabis, which include reduced premature death, improved quality of life, pain moderation, increased recovery outcomes, and improved safety for clients and community,” researchers wrote of their conclusion. One staff member described a person who was 50 or older had spinal fusion neck surgery, which included the addition of “two steel rods, three connectors, and six bolts” five months after the study began. “Before the surgery, this person had not used opioids for two years (as evidenced by criminal legal mandated urine drug screens) but reported frequent struggles in denying himself alcohol,” researchers explained. “With their use of the products donated by this program, this individual reported complete abstinence from alcohol while recovering from their surgery and since. They expressed gratitude for topical pain relief with cannabis pain cream, cannabis vape cartridges, and flower for smoking.” Another example was provided regarding a pregnant woman in her 20s, and was a “methamphetamine and opioid dependent injector” when the study began. “She reported that with the use of products donated in this program, she used methamphetamine and opioids less frequently, and actively worked with harm reduction agency staff to get on [medications for opioid use disorder] while pregnant.” Researchers noted, however, that this study was not designed to assess the outcome of the program, but instead the goal was to describe how the program works in a state that has legal provisions to allow such donations. Study authors also explained that cannabis flower products make up a large margin of adult-use and medical cannabis sales, but “edible, oil, and topical products predominated donations.” “Further, cost analysis suggests that donations represent only 1% of total gross sales and account for much less than the expected yearly donation amount.” The study points out that the revenue loss is minimal. Overall, study authors concluded that more research should be conducted in order to further define the benefits of harm reduction programs like the one in Michigan. “Research suggests there is potential to reduce alcohol and drug use related harms of more dangerous substances through substitution with cannabis,” the researchers wrote. “Findings from this case study provide a starting point for inquiry into cannabis donation as a harm reduction strategy in the US; future research is needed to fully understand the individual-level outcomes, public health impacts, necessary legal regulations, and best practices for cannabis donation programs through harm reduction organizations.” Michigan’s Cannabis Regulatory Agency announced in January that the state has collected a total of $3.06 billion in cannabis sales in 2023. By that amount, the dollar amount of cannabis products per person would come out to an estimated $305 (in California, the per capita amount is approximately $150, for example).  Many other studies that have been conducted over the past decade point to the effectiveness of cannabis as a medicine. Authors of one such study, which was published in February, urge the importance of implementing a regulatory framework to support the use of cannabinoids as an opioid alternative. “Based on a comprehensive review of the literature and epidemiological evidence to date, cannabinoids stand to be one of the most interesting, safe, and accessible tools available to attenuate the devastation resulting from the misuse and abuse of opioid narcotics,” researchers wrote. “Considering the urgency of the opioid epidemic and broadening of cannabinoid accessibility amidst absent prescribing guidelines, the authors recommend use of this clinical framework in the contexts of both clinical research continuity and patient care.”

https://hightimes.com/

MedMen Reportedly Closes All But Two California Locations

According to multiple reports late last week, MedMen has shuttered all but two of its stores in California. “Only MedMen stores in San Diego and near Los Angeles International Airport remain open,” MJBizDaily reported on Friday.  Green Market Report, citing a former staffer at the company, reported that “[although] no one connected with MedMen’s corporate headquarters could be reached for comment, the chain had a small fire sale to unload product this past week prior to closing down.” The outlet has more on MedMen’s precipitous decline: “The report of more closures follows a series of troubling developments for the company, including a string of earlier dispensaries closing down – including MedMen’s flagship store in West Hollywood in February, then its shops in San Jose and Emeryville the same month, and just this week, the company closed its San Francisco location. The news also follows a string of C-suite departures, with ex-CEO Ellen Deutsch Harrison resigning in January after less than seven months on the job.” MJBizDaily, meanwhile, has specific figures on the number of jobs lost: “The cash-strapped company operated more than a dozen stores in the state before the latest round of closures. The Los Angeles-based MSO on Thursday closed its San Francisco store in the Cow Hollow neighborhood, Medmen’s last remaining outlet in the Bay Area, according to SFist. The store opened only two years ago, the news outlet reported. MedMen, which has closed several other stores and laid off dozens of workers in California, Illinois and Nevada in the past month, shuttered its Long Beach location last week, MJBizDaily confirmed Friday. The Long Beach location had about 10 employees, according to a former staffer. The company has laid off more than 100 employees since Jan. 26, according to MJBizDaily reporting, including a round of corporate layoffs in MedMen’s accounting and marketing departments.” Both outlets noted that MedMen’s official website has been down since last week. On Monday morning, visitors to the site were met with an image of a man lounging on his back poolside, with the message: “We’ll Be Back Soon Sorry, we’re down for scheduled maintenence. In the meantime, connect with us on social.” The company has not posted on its Instagram account since January. Its last post on Facebook was in 2022. In 2019, MedMen scrapped plans for a major acquisition. Alarmed by plunging cannabis stocks, the company “backed out of a blockbuster deal to buy PharmaCann, a Chicago-based marijuana company with operations in eight states,” the Associated Press reported at the time. A year earlier, MedMen announced its plans to acquire PharmaCann for $682 million in an all-stock transaction. In a press release at the time, MedMen said that the resulting “pro-forma company (including pending acquisitions by MedMen) will have a portfolio of cannabis licenses in 12 states that will permit the combined company to operate 79 cannabis facilities.”  “The combined company will operate in 12 states, which comprise a total estimated addressable market, as of 2030, of approximately $40 billion according to Cowen Group. Through the transaction, MedMen will add licenses in Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, Virginia and Michigan,” the press release said. The deal was supposed to be a watershed moment for the cannabis industry, with the AP noting that it “was seen as a forerunner of a wave of marijuana industry mergers and acquisitions promising big returns for investors.” Adam Bierman, MedMen’s CEO at the time, called it “a transformative acquisition that will create the largest U.S. cannabis company in the world’s largest cannabis market.”  “The transaction adds tremendous scale to our vertically integrated business model by expanding our U.S. retail footprint across important growth markets while strengthening our cultivation and production capabilities. With the revenue synergies that the deal is expected to produce, MedMen is well positioned to continue executing on our growth strategy,” said Bierman, who stepped down in his role as chief executive in early 2020. “This would not have been possible even two years ago and is a testament to how far both the industry and these two companies have evolved. PharmaCann’s leadership has built a world-class organization, and we are excited about the value this transaction is creating for shareholders.” But by the fall of 2019, MedMen was singing a very different tune. According to the Associated Press, the company “cited the steep pullback in U.S. and Canadian cannabis stocks this year,” and “noted the Horizons Marijuana Life Sciences Index, a Canadian exchange-traded fund that tracks cannabis stocks, is down 47% since March.” “The underperformance has made it increasingly more critical to allocate capital efficiently, given the current industry headwinds,” MedMen said in a news release, as quoted by the Associated Press.

https://hightimes.com/

Study: 9 in 10 Americans Say Psilocybin Use for Therapy, Well-Being Is ‘Morally Positive’

As the modern-day psychedelic renaissance continues to press on, with myriad research and individual cases showing the merit behind innovative treatments like psilocybin-assisted therapies, it’s hard to deny the potential of this emerging solution.  But as psychedelic reform continues to ripple throughout the nation, what exactly do Americans think of this new therapeutic option? According to a new study published in the American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience, it appears that most Americans are on board. The research examined the “moral status” of psilocybin, with nearly 9 in 10 Americans ultimately reporting that they approve of psilocybin’s use in a controlled, licensed setting to treat specific conditions or promote general well-being.  Psilocybin, the psychedelic compound in “magic mushrooms,” is still a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act. The categorization deems that these substances have no currently accepted medical use and high potential for abuse. Study authors note that psilocybin is often thought to be physiologically safer than many of the regularly prescribed drugs on the market, non-habit forming and effective to treat a number of psychiatric conditions in combination with psychotherapy. The authors also note increasing literature finding that psilocybin can have a variety of neuropsychological effects, like increasing prosocial attitudes, mindfulness and overall improved psychosocial functioning. With the FDA’s recent move granting psilocybin with a “breakthrough therapy status” to use in major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression, alongside states increasingly moving to introduce psychedelic reform measures, researchers took a closer look at the perceived “morality” surrounding the medicinal use of psilocybin. The study included perspectives from 795 participants aged 18 to 92 who were demographically representative of American citizens. Researchers provided participants basic information around psilocybin and background surrounding the recent Oregon law that legalized psilocybin for personal use in supervised settings. They were also asked to imagine a similar law being passed at the federal level. Researchers then assigned participants one of two vignettes about an individual taking psilocybin with the supervision of a trained professional — one scenario using psilocybin to combat treatment-resistant depression (treatment) and another to improve overall well being (enhancement).  Participants were also provided with accurate information stating that psilocybin has been shown to be “medically safe and non-addictive if administered in an appropriately controlled setting, both for those with certain mental health disorders and for healthy individuals.” Finally, participants were asked to “morally evaluate” the supervised use of the compound. Overall, participants showed “strong bipartisan support” for both treatment (89%) or enhancement (85%).  Researchers found that approval was slightly reduced among older and conservative participants, though support for treatment was “very high” in both political affiliations: 91% of liberals and 86% of conservatives showed favorable attitudes surrounding psilocybin use for treatment. The use of psilocybin for enhancement had slightly less support: 89% of liberals and 78% of conservatives approved of its use for overall well-being. “Across conditions, favorable attitudes toward controlled psilocybin use were linked to the moral foundation of care, suggesting that a concern for both patients’ and non-patients’ well-being underlies the tendency to approve of controlled psilocybin use,” according to the authors. The study notes that participants were not asked about the unsupervised use of psilocybin, “underground” practitioners or other illegal uses — rather, the study was inspired by Oregon’s recent law explicitly focusing on legal and supervised use. In that regard, researchers say that results suggest the U.S. public is generally supportive of psilocybin use for both treatment and wellbeing. “Given such bipartisan positive attitudes, future legislative changes allowing psychedelic use in supervised settings for both purposes, even at the federal level, seem unlikely to trigger major public backlash, assuming similar background information about (known) benefits or risks, which may change over time,” the study says. While researchers caution against the assertion that psilocybin is a “silver bullet for treating mental illness,” especially as we continue to investigate the compound, they recognize that the study findings “suggest that the safe and supervised use of psychedelics under conditions of legalization has the potential to find wide public acceptance.” They continue, “If the field can overcome scientific inaccuracies, pursue rigorous research, and build trust—then psychedelics such as psilocybin may one day be seen as a mainstream means to treat mental illness and possibly also to promote overall well-being.”

https://hightimes.com/

Hemp Fiber Market to Hit Over $50B by 2028, Report Indicates

The hemp-derived fiber market is growing exponentially. The Business Research Company, a global market research and consulting firm located across the globe, updated its reports with latest data on hemp fiber for 2024 and projections up to 2033, and the projections look promising. The Business Research Company’s “Hemp Fiber Global Market Report 2024” was published on March 8 and provides a comprehensive source of information that covers every facet of the market. According to the TBRC’s market forecast, the hemp fiber market size is predicted to reach $50.38 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35.0%. The growth in the hemp fiber market is due to increasing legalization to cultivate industrial hemp. Asia-Pacific region is expected to hold the largest hemp fiber market share. Major players in the hemp fiber market include Shenyang beijiang, BaFa Holding BV, Plains Industrial Hemp Processing Ltd., Industrial Hemp Manufacturing LLC, Hemp Oil Canada Inc. “Hemp fiber refers to one of the robust members of the family of strong natural fibers, which are generated from the cannabis family’s hemp plant,” the report reads. “The plant’s stem is made up of long strands that are used to make hemp fabric. By using a technique called retting, these fibers are extracted from the bark and then spun together to produce a continuous thread that can be woven into textiles.” The report also identifies what parts of the plant are typically used in the hemp fiber process. “The main types of hemp fiber are long (bast) fibers, and short (core) fibers. The long (bast) hemp fiber market refers to the soft woody fiber obtained from the stems of dicotyledonous plants and is used for textiles and cordage, the report continues. “The different sources include organic and conventional, and are used in food, beverages, personal care products, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and other applications.” Researchers divided hemp fiber market segments by the following parameters: • By Type: Long (bast) Fibers, Short (core) Fibers• By Source: Organic, Conventional• By Application: Food, Beverages, Personal Care Products, Textiles, Pharmaceuticals, Other Applications• By Geography: The global hemp fiber market is segmented into North America, South America, Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Middle East and Africa. The market report includes Hemp Fiber Market Characteristic, Hemp Fiber Market Trends And Strategies, Hemp Fiber Market – Macro Economic Scenario, Hemp Fiber Market Size And Growth, Hemp Fiber Market Competitor Landscape And Company Profiles, Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Market, and many other topics. Every day, people are finding more uses for industrial hemp. (Just refer to the works of Jack Herer, the “Emperor of Hemp.” Architects, for instance, are increasingly relying on hemp as a cleaner, more efficient replacement for traditional home construction materials.  A recently published article by The Cool Down (“America’s mainstream climate brand”) detailed how hemp can be “transformed into a material called hempcrete.” “Hempcrete is a carbon-negative building material made out of hemp, which is increasingly being used in place of concrete. The biocomposite material is created from hemp shiv—the woody core of hemp stalks—and mixed with a binder, such as lime powder, and water,” according to the article. “The result is a tough, adaptable material that can be mixed with varying proportions of hemp and lime depending on its intended purpose. Hemp is constantly proving to be useful in making other materials and products. A Wisconsin-based hemp battery manufacturing company, for instance, created a goal to hire former employees of Energizer. Portage, Wisconsin-based Wisconsin Battery Co. (WinBat) makes batteries out of hemp instead of graphene, for use in devices like hearing aids. Earlier this month, WinBat announced that it has acquired 17 acres of land in the Portage Industrial Park to develop its battery plant, a According to a Dec. 21, 2023 press release, Last October, a variety of hemp plant genetically modified to produce little-to-no THC was approved by the United States Department of Agriculture as safe to grow and breed on U.S. soil.  The USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) released a notice about the plants last week, created and submitted by Indiana-based Growing Together Research, a biotechnology company specializing in cannabis, hemp, psychedelics and agriculture. APHIS regulates the “movement of organisms modified or produced through genetic engineering.” “APHIS found this modified hemp is unlikely to pose an increased plant pest risk compared to other cultivated hemp,” the USDA notice said. “As a result, it is not subject to regulation under 7 CFR part 340. From a plant pest risk perspective, this hemp may be safely grown and bred in the United States.”

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Humboldt County Voters Reject Weed Cultivation Regulation Initiative

Voters in Humboldt County last week soundly rejected a ballot measure that would have tightened regulations on the area’s famed cannabis industry. Known as Measure A, the initiative was defeated at the polls on March 5, with more than 73% of the voters casting their ballot against the proposal. Genine Coleman, the executive director of Origins Council, a group representing California’s legacy cannabis growers, wrote in an email to High Times that the “defeat of Measure A demonstrates that the grassroots cannabis industry in Humboldt County is politically organized and effective, thanks to the Humboldt County Growers Alliance and their successful ‘No on A Campaign.'” Had it passed, Measure A would have changed Humboldt County’s regulations for cannabis cultivation in a manner that opponents of the initiative say would have likely destroyed the local industry. The proposal was created and advanced by Mark Thurmond and Elizabeth Watson, residents of Kneeland, an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, the epicenter of California’s infamous Emerald Triangle cannabis cultivation region. Measure A would have added several restrictions on cannabis cultivation businesses to the county’s planning regulations, ostensibly for environmental purposes. New rules would have included a cap on the size of weed farms at 10,000 square feet, a change that would have made more than 400 cultivators noncompliant with county regulations, according to a report from MJBizDaily. The ballot measure also would have prohibited noncompliant businesses from expanding their operations, including increasing water or energy use or expanding the space or buildings used for cannabis cultivation. Additionally, the defeated ballot measure would have required public hearings for cannabis cultivation operations exceeding 3,000 square feet. The proposal also would have restricted weed farms located on two-way roads designed to accommodate traffic traveling at speeds of 25 to 40 miles per hour. Measure A was fiercely opposed by many members of Humboldt County’s cannabis community, who feared that passage of the initiative could cripple the local cultivation industry. Some referred to the proposal as the “Karen Initiative” because a group of neighbors began work on the ballot measure after a cannabis grower set up a new operation in their community. The voters’ rejection of Measure A at the ballot box was welcome news for Humboldt County’s cannabis community. Dylan Mattole, a cannabis farmer and chairman of the Humboldt County Growers Alliance (HCGA), said that the members of the trade group were encouraged by the results of the election. “There’s a feeling of relief from knowing that our community accepts us and that we’re not going to have to keep fighting for the right to do business,” Mattole told SFGATE. Mattole said that cannabis businesses spent $150,000 on the campaign to defeat Measure A. Although the fight against the initiative was an ordeal, he cited bringing the cannabis community together as a positive outcome of the situation. “I feel like we’ve really advanced our standing in the community through this terrible situation,” Mattole said. “The silver lining in all this is that I think we actually advanced … the normalization of cannabis as just part of the normal business community.” Watson, one of the lead proponents of Measure A, said that the results of last week’s election were not unexpected. The initiative was widely opposed by members of the community, including Humboldt County Sheriff William Honsal, three of five county supervisors and city and tribal leaders, as well as the Republican, Democratic and Green political parties. Environmental groups including Cannabis for Conservation also registered their opposition to the ballot proposal. “When the environmental organizations and all the elected officials came out against it, that was pretty much the kiss of death,” Watson told the Times-Standard. Watson said that she spent a quarter of her life savings on the campaign to pass Measure A. However, it was not enough to overcome the resources mustered by the campaign to defeat the initiative. “We were just totally outgunned financially and did the best we could,” she said. “I’m 76, you can’t take it with you,” she added, saying that she would probably have donated a similar amount of money to environmental groups. As the defeat of Measure A became apparent on election day, opponents of the initiative also said they were not surprised by the results. “We were definitely seeing a lot of support leading up to the election. So I think we felt pretty confident going into it,” said Ross Gordon, policy director for the HGCA. “But, of course, we didn’t know until we knew, and so I wouldn’t say it was shocking, but I think we were definitely happy to see that number.”  Gordon acknowledged that cannabis regulations should be reviewed continually. But he added that the process should be a collaborative effort that includes members of the cannabis industry. “I think it’s been really unfortunate that for the past year or so, we’ve really had to focus on just maintaining the status quo,” said Gordon. “And I don’t think the status quo for small farmers is amazing right now. And I really think we need to be working on more hopeful affirmative projects,” he said, noting the organization’s support of AB 1111, a state Assembly bill that would allow small cultivation businesses to sell cannabis at events.

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Medterra Introduces Its THC Seltzer: Daily Delight Social Tonic

Medterra’s THC seltzer is reaching many individuals around the world for its ability to enhance moods for deep comfort.  The seltzer prides itself on being a non-alcoholic alternative and a socially relaxing beverage.  Many cannabis users enjoy the THC seltzer for these reasons to elevate their well-being.  If you’re one of these cannabis enthusiasts, you should know that the THC seltzer drink also has several distinct flavors.  It provides a slight uplifting buzz that’s perfect for those low-key gatherings.  Medterra’s Daily Delight Social Tonic is different than carbonated beverages, providing all the benefits of a carbonated drink with a delightful kick.  THC seltzers are cannabis-infused drinks known to provide users with light-lifting sensations.  Many refer to the beverages as liquid edibles and are sought after by cannabis lovers who want to uplift their moods.   They are a convenient way to get THC inside the body’s system without needing to grind and puff your way into bliss town.  What better way to consume THC than opening a can of liquid gold?  Not all seltzers are made the same or have the same compounds, but most have a unique blend of ingredients with an infusion of CBD and THC compounds.  Some have different variations of cannabinoids, but Medterra’s Daily Delight Social Tonic contains a balance of full-spectrum CBD hemp extract and THC.  You can kick your feet up and enjoy the relaxing effects of THC seltzer whether you’re chilling with friends or at home. There’s 2mg of THC inside one can along with 2mg of CBD, providing enough THC for a light and blissful buzzing experience to enhance your wellness routine. This packs up to 4mg of cannabinoids in one seltzer that’s derived from quality hemp in the USA. These two compounds can give you a delightful journey into chill vibes.  When drinking the cannabis-infused seltzer, you can expect to experience the effects within 10 to 30 minutes after the first cold sip.  Some cannabis enthusiasts have better luck with feeling the buzzing energies faster than others.   You can also consume 2 or 3 beverages to experience a higher impactful sensation for any fun occasion.  THC seltzer drink is a great alternative containing carbonation and THC for an uplifting feeling similar to an alcoholic beverage without the side effects of a hangover.  They also have distinguished flavor profiles that aren’t harsh on the taste buds during consumption making it a pleasurable liquid to consume after a long day’s work.  For those who are trying to make the switch away from alcohol; delta-9 THC seltzers are a popular option to consider.   Medterra’s THC seltzer has natural plant ingredients with the purest form of THC compounds.  They come in 12 fluid ounces with carbonation similar to sparkling water but with a nice light-lifting feel.  Cannabis users who want to mind their calories can drink THC seltzer Daily Delight guilt-free since it contains only 40 calories per can.  The seltzer comes in three natural flavors; Black Cherry, Grapefruit, and Guava Passion Fruit.  The Farm Bill allows for the legal shipping of 0.3% hemp-derived THC products throughout the U.S., but you can’t ship any THC product.  You can get into serious criminal trouble if you ship any THC product without checking your regulations and THC content!  Knowing your state’s regulations and the THC products you can ship can save you from getting into trouble with the authorities.  A good rule of thumb is to ensure the product contains no more than 0.3% THC to ensure safe shipping.  THC sparking drinks are great to consume while you’re out socializing with friends at small and large gatherings. Conversing with friends and family is always a fun experience, but having a THC-infused drink on one hand can further enhance the social event.  They boost your social game by adjusting your moods to a more relaxing one.  Medterra’s Daily Delight Social Tonic is a delectable seltzer to give you a soothing and comforting sensation for any chill social gathering. 

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Australian Endometriosis Patients Find Relief Through MMJ Despite Cost Barriers

Using cannabis for pain relief is nothing new. Across the U.S., most states include chronic pain as a qualifying condition for medical cannabis. Looking broader, individuals around the globe are already embracing cannabis for these pain-relieving qualities alongside the additional benefits it may offer. While we’re still learning exactly how cannabis can work to treat symptoms and provide relief for specific conditions, many are taking matters into their own hands with promising results — and these trends could very well help to shape further research and policy. A recent survey published in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology took a closer look at symptom management pertaining to cannabis and endometriosis, finding that patients often turn to cannabis to alleviate their symptoms despite ongoing barriers to access. Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, generally resulting in severe pelvic pain and inflammation. The tissue acts in the same way as the lining inside the uterus, thickening, breaking down and bleeding with each menstrual cycle. Endometriosis involving the ovaries can also result in cysts, causing surrounding tissue irritation and formation of scar tissue. Endometriosis can start at the time of a person’s first menstrual period and last until menopause. We still don’t know what causes endometriosis, there is no way to prevent it and there is no cure. However, there are a number of treatments to help ease the related symptoms. Some opt for surgery to remove lesions, while many embrace hormonal intrauterine devices, birth control methods, opioid-based pain medications and more for ongoing relief. That said, we can safely add cannabis to the list of modern-day treatments given its prevalence of use. In the survey, Australian researchers examined the perspectives of 192 people with a history of cannabis use and endometriosis. Noting it as a “very expensive disease, with substantive out of pocket costs for pain and symptom management,” researchers reference cost and accessibility to cannabis-based medicinal products (CMBPs) as a primary focus of the survey. They also cite the lack of information surrounding ideal products, modes of administration and efficacy in current research. Researchers gathered data through an online survey of Australian and New Zealand residents, via social media and community-based advocacy platform Cannareviews.co. Respondents included those using either illicit cannabis or legal CMBPs prescribed by a doctor to manage endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain-related symptoms. However, the published report only includes data from Australian respondents.  The survey found that THC-dominant CBMPs are most commonly prescribed to Australians with endometriosis, noting multi-product use as a common trend with most people reporting the use of at least two products. For those with only one prescription (23%), it was almost always a THC-dominant product.  Most respondents (59.4%) said they used cannabis recreationally and for endometriosis symptom management, though many exclusively used cannabis to manage symptoms (40.1%). Patients reported improvements in common endometriosis symptoms through the use of legal CBMPs, specifically sleep (68.9%), chronic pelvic pain (44.5%), nausea (47.9%), anxiety/depression (45.4%) and menstrual pain (38.7%).  They also reported a reduction in the use of opioids, hormonal treatments, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs, neuroleptics and illicit cannabis.  Oils and flower were the most common product types, illicit or legal. The results also pointed to legal, THC-dominant cannabis medications being more expensive than illicit “equivalents” and that the extra cost for legal access often led to people underdosing (76.1%) or resorting to illicit cannabis to “bridge the gap” and easen cost burdens (42.9%). Researchers note that relying upon illicit cannabis products can lead to inadequate symptom management, using products that have not been tested for safety and quality and of course associated legal ramifications. Nearly all (96.3%) respondents said that their cost burden would be substantially reduced if CBMPs were a Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) listed and subsidized product.  The bulk of respondents said they would consider moving insurers if they found out their private health insurance would not reimburse the cost of cannabis medicine as well — 60.9% said maybe, depending on other factors; 20.3% said yes, so long as the premium was the same price or less; 11.7% said yes, even if the premium was higher; only 7% said no. Researchers said that patients’ willingness to switch insurers based on this variable “speaks to the pivotal nature of cost concerns (and perceived effectiveness) relating to affordable access to cannabinoids.” Additionally, they state that the results suggest a need for a greater response from insurers in the country. “Given the lack of well-tolerated alternatives for medical management of endometriosis, this is an equity issue that urgently needs addressing,” they add. Researchers note that self-reported nature of cost, diagnosis and product consumption as a limitation. They also cited the potential for their recruitment methods — through social media and Cannareviews’ patient base — to produce recall and selection bias, as participants may have either had more severe impacts to quality of life or a more positive experience with illicit or medicinal cannabis than the broader population. Still, the data affirms that many are already finding relief and relying on cannabis treatments for endometriosis, highlighting the need for better access. “Given major issues with symptom management and the self-reported reductions in pain and other symptoms, improving access to medicinal cannabis for this population is important and timely,” authors conclude. “Reductions in cost of both product and consultations, as well as coverage by insurance are areas which need addressing.”

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Amsterdam Left Out of Netherlands Legal Weed Experiment

Amsterdam, a city long associated with relaxed weed rules, has been left out of a pilot experiment with legal cannabis sales now underway in the Netherlands. In a vote last week in the Netherlands’ lower house of Parliament known as the Tweede Kamer, lawmakers excluded Amsterdam from a list of cities to be added to the European country’s experiment with regulated cannabis cultivation and distribution. The Tweede Kamer also voted against an attempt by conservative lawmakers to halt the experiment, which will be expanded this summer to 10 cities across the Netherlands. The experiment launched late last year in the Dutch cities of Breda and Tilburg. Under the pilot program, which will soon be launched in eight more cities, the government is regulating the cultivation and sale of recreational cannabis.  Although the Netherlands in general and Amsterdam in particular are known for a pragmatically tolerant outlook on weed, cannabis is still illegal nationwide. Despite the prohibition, cannabis is easily available at so-called coffeeshops, which offer a range of weed products including flowers, joints and hash to adult customers. The coffee shops, which number approximately 565 nationwide, are supplied by underground growers who are generally allowed to operate without government interference. Many government officials are concerned, however, that organized crime groups have taken over cultivation of much of the weed that ends up in coffeeshops in the Netherlands. This concern led to the country’s first experiment with regulated adult-use cannabis cultivation and distribution.  The experiment began in December and is being rolled out in select municipalities under what the government calls a “closed coffeeshop chain experiment.” The initial phase of the experiment is expected to extend for six months in as many as 11 cities. “During the startup phase, growers, coffeeshop owners, transporters and supervisors will gain experience with the supply and sale of regulated cannabis and its supervision, secure transport and the use of the track and trace system,” the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport said in a statement, according to a report from the Associated Press. Later this year, the Netherlands’ experiment with regulated cannabis will be expanded to the cities of Almere, Arnhem, Groningen, Heerlen, Voorne aan Zee (formerly named Hellevoetsluis), Maastricht, Nijmegen and Zaanstad. City leaders in Amsterdam hoped to join the experiment, despite some claims that doing so would make it easier for underage youth to get weed. “The experiment will not make access to drugs easier for young people. It just means that the production and distribution will be removed from criminals” Amsterdam Mayor Femke Halsema told the publication NL Times, according to a report from MJBizDaily. “This actually protects public health and facilitates enforcement policy. If you want to control cannabis use better, you must also check the ‘back door.’” Amsterdam’s bid to be included in the experiment was denied by a March 5 vote by the Tweede Kamer. While the proposal had the support of the Netherlands left-wing and centrist parties, conservatives in the far-right Christian SGP and the far-right nationalist PVV political parties defeated the bid by a vote of 78-72, according to a report from Forbes. The exclusion of Amsterdam from the cannabis legalization experiment was not unexpected, says Jason Adelstone, a senior associate attorney at the cannabis law firm Vicente LLP, where he focuses on federal and international policy. “I am not surprised that members of the Netherlands Parliament opposed the proposal for allowing Amsterdam to join the Dutch marijuana experiment,” Adelstone writes in an email to High Times. “With the far-right nationalist PVV party being the largest party in the Tweede Kamer, expanding the marijuana pilot program to include Amsterdam was a difficult proposition. Thankfully, those opposed to the marijuana pilot program didn’t have enough support to pause or completely stop the program altogether.” Michael Sassano, founder, chairman and CEO of Somai Pharmaceuticals, a Lisbon-based manufacturer of therapeutic cannabis products, agrees that there “is no surprise that Amsterdam was ‘excluded’ from the program.”  “The reality is that the Amsterdam coffee shop owners are very happy with their supply agreements both in quality and pricing,” Sassano said in a statement to High Times. “Most coffee shop owners understand that it will take some time for the legal Grow’s to get up to the current quality standards, and also the price will be higher. As the Netherlands progresses, going to a legal market for the entire country will be inevitable but it takes time and infrastructure to achieve this goal.”

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Virginia Department of Forensic Science Releases Report on THC Blood Detection

The Virginia Department of Forensic Science (VDFS) recently released a report regarding its federal funded study to research reliable testing methods for detecting THC in blood. DFS was originally granted $290,353 in 2020 by the Department of Justice’s National Institute of Justice. “The goal of this research project is to develop and validate an automated sample preparation technique for the quantitative evaluation of an expanded cannabinoid panel (CBD, CBN, THC, THC-A, CBC) in biological matrices…” stated the award description. More than $1,188,390 million was available in total, and the sum was divided between a total of five projects. “The ever-changing climate of cannabis decriminalization and/or legalization has significantly impacted forensic laboratories and is anticipated to increase the caseload in forensic toxicology,” the description added. “In addition, products claiming to contain other cannabinoids, including cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, have become widely available.” Four years later, VDFS has released a 107-page report in February about its findings. The report shows the detailed process of separating THC metabolites, experimenting using different types of blood (bank blood, antemortem blood, postmortem blood, and also urine). Ultimately, researchers developed a process to identify different cannabinoids. “Within the research project, a method was developed for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of cannabinoids in biological matrices using supported liquid extraction,” the report stated. “The methodology employed LCMSMS [liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry] with two analytical columns of different stationary phases to enhance the confirmation of cannabinoids.” LCMSMS was used to help determine the slight differences between cannabinoids. “To enhance the selectivity of LCMSMS, a two-column chromatographic method was developed to enable additional confirmation regarding the identity of a compound,” researchers wrote. “Within the validations, the evaluation of interferences from other cannabinoids was critical in the assessment of the method and its validity.”  VDFS was also awarded grant funds of $441,886 in 2023 with the intention of developing methods and tools to study other psychedelic compounds. “The detection of psychedelic compounds including psilocybin and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) poses an analytical challenge in biological specimens due to their rapid metabolism and known structural instability,” the award description stated. “An analytical workflow for the identification and quantitation of these compounds and their main metabolites needs to consider appropriate long term storage conditions and sample preparation parameters to minimize the implications associated with their inherent instability.” This research effort was also one of five studies chosen to receive a portion $1,928,846, all with the intent of “identification of the most efficient, accurate, reliable, and cost-effective methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.” The discussions surrounding cannabis testing and how to accurately measure impairment have long been contested. One published in 2022 in Scientific Reports found evidence that neither THC detected in breath or in blood is a reliable way to indicate impairment. “Our findings are consistent with others who have shown that delta-9-THC can be detected in breath up to several days since last use,” researchers wrote. “Because the leading technologies for breath-based testing for recent cannabis use rely solely on the detection of delta-9-THC, this could potentially result in false positive test outcomes due to the presence of delta-9-THC in breath outside of the impairment window.” President Joe Biden signed an infrastructure bill in November 2021, which included a provision that required the Department of Transportation to complete a report that includes recommendations on providing researchers with cannabis in order to study drivers under the influence of cannabis. That report was supposed to be completed by November 2023, but has not yet been delivered.  Sen. John Hickenlooper reached out to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in November 2022 to receive an update on the report. “Preventing distracted or impaired driving is a key step towards the goal of reducing traffic fatalities and improving roadway safety. In 2021, nearly 43,000 fatalities occurred from motor vehicle crashes, which is among the highest annual totals in decade[s],” Hickenlooper wrote. “While the IIJA includes many laudable provisions to establish performance standards for crash avoidance technologies, evaluate monitoring systems to reduce distracted driving, and issue rules to detect a driver’s impaired status, many ambiguities around defining marijuana-impaired driving underscore the importance of clarifying this policy uncertainty.” In October 2023, a study conducted by the University of Colorado Anshutz Medical Campus analyzed how to more accurately detect cannabis. “Since THC accumulates and lingers in fat tissue, daily cannabis users may maintain constant elevations of THC in the blood even long after the psychoactive effects abate,” said Michael Kosnett, MD, MPH. “There has been a lot of concern about whether the use of cannabis has been associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes or accidents in the workplace.” The research team measured whole blood THC and its metabolites, and calculated two blood cannabinoid molar metabolite ratios. Researchers determined a 98% specificity rate when examining if a person had consumed cannabis within 30 minutes.

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FDA Recognizes LSD-Equivalent Drug with ‘Breakthrough Therapy’ Label for Anxiety Relief

Encouraging outcomes from a clinical study on the LSD-analog substance MM120, or lysergide d-tartrate, have led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to designate it as a “breakthrough therapy” for treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The designation of “breakthrough therapy” is awarded to expedite the development and review of drugs that show considerable promise in providing treatment for conditions with significant unmet medical needs. Similar to MM120, other substances like MDMA, Esketamine (the ketamine nasal spray) and psilocybin have also received this status, which highlights their potential in transforming therapeutic practices. A spokesperson for MindMed described MM120 as “a tartrate salt form of lysergide, a synthetic drug commonly known as LSD.” The challenge of producing LSD with high purity was highlighted by the company’s chief medical officer in an interview with CNN, stating, “LSD is difficult to manufacture with high purity and tends to degrade quickly in the presence of light and water.” They added, “We’re manufacturing it to pharmaceutical industry standards, a highly pure version that is also shelf stable. So that’s a critical difference.” Mind Medicine Inc., which is the pharmaceutical company producing MM120, announced in a Thursday press release its intention to convene an end-of-Phase 2 discussion with the FDA during the first half of 2024. Following this, they aim to initiate a Phase 3 clinical trial in the latter half of the year. Additionally, MindMed disclosed that its Phase 2b study of MM-120 for treating GAD achieved its crucial secondary endpoint, with the topline data from a 12-week period demonstrating statistically significant sustained effectiveness up to week 12.  Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can manifest in various ways, including persistent worrying or anxiety about numerous aspects of life that are disproportionate to the actual events’ impact. Individuals may find themselves overthinking, catastrophizing, and experiencing difficulty handling uncertainty. This can lead to indecisiveness and fear of making the wrong decision, alongside an inability to set aside or let go of worries. People with GAD often find it challenging to relax, feeling constantly restless, and being on edge. Additionally, they may encounter difficulty concentrating, have moments where their mind “goes blank,” or even disassociate. The condition can lead to trouble sleeping, irritability, muscle aches, and more uncomfortable side effects.  “The FDA’s decision to designate MM120 as a breakthrough therapy for GAD and the durability data from our Phase 2b study provide further validation of the important potential role this treatment can play in addressing the huge unmet need among individuals living with GAD,” Robert Barrow, MindMed’s director and CEO, said in a statement. “We are committed to bringing MM120 to people living with GAD and delivering on the potential of our pipeline to treat serious brain health disorders.” The most recent study findings on MM120 (lysergide d-tartrate) revealed that a one-time oral administration of the LSD-derived medication resulted in “clinically and statistically significant” decreases in anxiety levels 12 weeks post-treatment. The study was a parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-optimization trial, included 198 participants, the Psychiatric Times reports. These folks were randomly allocated to receive one of four doses of MM120: 25, 50, 100, or 200 µg—or a placebo. The participants had to have what counts as severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), with an average baseline Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score around 30. The research primarily wanted to assess the dose-response relationship across the four MM-120 doses compared to the placebo, specifically looking at the changes in HAM-A scores from the start of the study to week 4. A whopping 65% of the participants demonstrated a clinical response. 48% achieved clinical remission from their anxiety disorder after undergoing the treatment. “That MM120 exhibited rapid and robust efficacy, solidly sustained for 12 weeks after a single dose, is truly remarkable,” David Feifel, who is a researcher in the latest MindMed study and a professor emeritus of psychiatry at the University of California San Diego, said. “These results suggest the potential MM120 has in the treatment of anxiety, and those of us who struggle every day to alleviate anxiety in our patients look forward to seeing results from future Phase 3 trials.” But there was no “integration” involved in this study, just medicine. While other psychedelic-assisted therapies, the research on MM120 did not come with talk therapy. “MM120 was administered as a single dose in a monitored clinical setting with no therapeutic intervention,” MindMed stated.  As more traditional anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines, can lead to a physical dependence that comes with a very nasty withdrawal process, psychedelic therapies, whether it’s MM120, regular ole’ LSD, cannabis, or psilocybin, are desperately welcome. 

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In State of the Union Address, Biden Vows to Review Federal Reclassification of Pot

President Joe Biden issued his State of the Union address on Thursday, March 7, and among many topics, he said he’ll direct his Cabinet to consider reclassifying cannabis at the federal level. It’s the first time that a president of the United States addressed cannabis reform as part of his State of the Union address. “Keep building public trust, as I’ve been doing by taking executive action on police reform, and calling for it to be the law of the land, directing my Cabinet to review the federal classification of marijuana, and expunging thousands of convictions  for mere possession, because no one should be jailed for using or possessing marijuana!” Biden said. Biden also posted on X that “no one should be jailed for using or possessing marijuana,” which prompted responses from people who pushed for real expungements—not the mostly meaningless wave of pardons to people with minor cannabis convictions issued by Biden in 2022. Biden issued two executive orders in October 2022, pardoning some people with nonviolent federal cannabis records, and he asked the Department of Health and Human Services to evaluate if cannabis should be rescheduled under the Controlled Substances Act. The US Cannabis Council (USCC) launched in 2021 with a goal to build better access to an equitable and values-driven industry. The USCC has been working hard to advance federal cannabis legalization and promote restorative justice to the people harmed the most by the War on Drugs. “The US Cannabis Council applauds President Biden for highlighting cannabis reform as an issue of national concern during his State of the Union address,” David Culver, SVP of Public Affairs at the USCC said in a statement obtained by High Times. “The President has issued historic pardons for nonviolent cannabis offenses and initiated a groundbreaking review of the status of cannabis under federal law. Tonight’s remarks before a national audience signal the President’s ongoing commitment to advancing cannabis reform. We are encouraged by what we heard this evening and optimistic that the Biden Administration will move cannabis down to Schedule III this year.”  “President Biden made history tonight by addressing cannabis reform during the State of the Union,” said Adam Goers, co-chair, Coalition for Cannabis Scheduling Reform. The President is committed to modernizing the federal government’s approach to cannabis, and he reinforced that commitment tonight in front of the American people. Moving cannabis down to Schedule III would represent an historic shift in our nation’s drug laws. We thank the President for his remarks and urge his Administration to push ahead with rescheduling.”  Thousands of people received one of Biden’s pardons for federal cannabis possession convictions under two announcements issued in 2022 and in February. The Justice Department issued certificates to eligible people who applied for the pardons, but the certificates actually read “the pardon means that you’re forgiven, but you still have a criminal record.” Former prisoner Weldon Angelos corrected Biden’s comment, adding that possession generally never leads to jail time alone. “Nobody goes to jail for use or simple possession,” Angelos posted on X. “But those imprisoned federally for marijuana felonies shouldn’t be forced to serve out the remainder of their decades long sentences either so please commute their sentences as you promised when you were running for president.  Before Thursday’s State of the Union address, The Sentencing Project urged President Biden to remember his 2020 campaign promises to oppose mandatory minimum sentences and significantly reduce the prison population. “America surpassed the grim milestone of 50 years of mass incarceration, with the prison population growing nearly 500% since 1973,” said Kara Gotsch, executive director for The Sentencing Project. “Today, almost 2 million individuals, and disproportionately Black Americans, are incarcerated in our nation’s prisons and jails. The U.S. incarcerates more of its citizens—for longer periods of time—than any other major democratic country in the world.”  “President Biden promised four years ago to reduce federal incarceration levels by 50% and to oppose mandatory minimum sentences. We urge the president to keep those promises, and to scale up solutions that actually make communities safer, such as good schools, affordable childcare, broadly accessible mental health services, more effective and widely available substance use treatment programs, and more support for vulnerable children and youth.  “Americans deserve safety, security, and community-based solutions that will build up our communities and actually stop the cycle of crime. We can get there if we put evidence-based solutions over politics, thriving communities over extreme sentences, and rehabilitation over punishment.” In addition, Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand told High Times last that rescheduling cannabis under schedule III would do little by simply moving it to a less restrictive category. A recent survey found broad support across demographics and suggested Biden could see an 11% favorability boost if it occurs.

https://hightimes.com/

Where Dreams Are Made

Jason Harris founded Jerome Baker Designs Inc. (JBD) in Eugene, Oregon, in 1991. As a dyed-in-the-wool deadhead with THC pumping through his veins, he chose Jerry Garcia’s first name, Jerome, and a last name, Baker, to denote “baked” as his pseudonym, fearing repercussions from cops. Through the years, he elevated the form of functional glass art, incorporating innovations along the way, such as fuming glass with fine silver to create a mirror effect and manipulating blown glass into complex art. The JBD seal became a symbol of quality. But, despite his efforts to stay off the radar of police, he caught the attention of the federal government. “I was arrested for manufacturing drug paraphernalia in 2003,” Harris says, referring to Operation Pipe Dreams, a George W. Bush administration-era DEA hunt that also involved Tommy Chong and 54 other defendants. Pipe sellers who never touched the plant initially faced drug paraphernalia trafficking charges, and the feds pinned most of it on Chong. Scarred from that trauma, Harris laid low, first moving from Oregon to Maui, Hawaii, to make non-functional glass art for a while, and later New York. “I kind of went underground for a while, and we were based in New York on Long Island,” he says. “We had a warehouse out there that we functioned out of—a small, nickel-and-dime business. When recreational cannabis happens, we sort of come out of the closet. And when I saw the money and energy and everything going on in the Las Vegas market, I called that home base.” After seeing Colorado and Washington approve adult-use pot and learning that recreational cannabis legalization was possible, Harris gained confidence and re-launched Jerome Baker Designs in 2012, re-focusing on high-end art. Jerome Baker established the Las Vegas Dream Factory at its headquarters in downtown Las Vegas, Nevada. Located downtown in the Arts District, a few blocks from Fremont Street, the Dream Factory is a place where people can truly appreciate the sheer amount of hours it takes an artist to make a piece. After all, JBD was behind achievements like “Bongzilla,” the world’s largest bong in 2018, and is the brand responsible for custom bongs made for celebrities such as George Clooney, Adam Sandler, Drew Barrymore, Mike Tyson, Snoop Dogg, Nate Dogg, B-Real, Xzibit, 311, Slightly Stoopid, Sublime, Tool, Phil Lesh (Grateful Dead), Shavo Odadjian (System of a Down), People Under The Stairs, and Limp Bizkit. Las Vegas is a prime place to attract people from all parts of the world, so Harris’s Dream Factory adapts to these specific needs. “We get people that come in on pilgrimages from different places on the West Coast, and some are driving very far,” Harris says. “And they come for birthdays, weddings, different stuff like that. We’ve done a number of weddings in our facility, a number of birthdays, parties for some brands, they’ve been taken to the factory, and we get a percent of our clients coming in who are tourists.” Teamwork makes the dream work, and Operations Manager Jennifer Krause is a big factor in the success of the Dream Factory. “I basically handle everything from A-Z—you name it—accounts payable, accounts receivable, shipping, and [the operations] of the Dream Factory every day,” says Krause. Krause says that the Dream Factory is currently showcasing glass art by Omar Rosales, Dina Kalahar, aka “Sol Fire Glass,” Donnie Alves, aka “Mente 45K,” and Allan Clement, aka “Cowboy.” “And let’s not forget Jason Harris, known as Jerome Baker!” Krause laughs. “Within the last five years, it’s just completely blown up, and it’s pretty much one of the most prominent locations that people would want to visit. It’s where the artist all-stars are at. We’re right in the heart of the arts district.” Krause explains how many people wander in, thinking it’s a basic smoke shop selling papers and cheap pipes, but what they’re offering is high-quality art that fetches top dollar. It’s a surprise “to the commoner wanting to walk away with a piece, and then they find out what we’re offering and what we’re shipping around the country,” Krause says. Both the state of Nevada and the city of Las Vegas have slowly rolled out consumption lounge regulations, though it’s taken years to materialize. NuWu’s Tasting Room opened in 2019, then rebranded as Sky High Lounge, opening in July 2023, and the city’s first non-tribal consumption lounges are scheduled to open by early 2024. (NuWu could open earlier because the Las Vegas Paiute Tribe, a sovereign jurisdiction, owns its land.) Many cannabis consumption lounges, such as ones in California, let patrons rent bongs or pipes to consume weed. A big factor is that tourists—not locals who can smoke at home cheaper—are going to them as smoking stealthily in a hotel gets tiring. Harris says consumption lounges are key to the full experience of legal weed. “I think that’s absolutely essential,” Harris says. “People have different ways to smoke and consume cannabis. So, by being able to get everyone to have experience and make a lasting memory. I mean, look, when we were kids, we went to Amsterdam, leaving certain memories of certain coffeeshops in my life. Being able to rent the bongs and clean the bongs with a proper scrub, that was fun and part of the ritual.” Harris explains how bongs slowly came out of the closet through the years, including how Vegas events have changed. “We’ve been going to Las Vegas for so many years. It’s got so many trade shows. We were at the first CHAMPS trade show ever. And we bought the most booths—eight—and mostly we closed them all in so nobody could see our stuff inside,” Harris says, explaining how much things have changed since 1999. “Lo and behold, CHAMPS is this mega show everybody wants to attend.” Krause explained that MJBizCon is even bigger than CHAMPS, and Las Vegas gets pretty busy and wild during those times. Harris is the protégé of legendary glass artist Bob Snodgrass and apprenticed for Hans-Joachim Ittig of Wertheimer Glaskunst, a seventh-generation glassblower based in Wertheim, Germany. He also learned or apprenticed under Cesare Toffolo, Dick Marquis, Robert Mickelson, Karen Willinbrink, and Charles Lowrie. “I’ve always respected artists that have come before me and paved the way in what I consider now a Pop Art genre,” Harris says. “That’s something that I’ve always dreamt about, being in art school. I’m a graduate of the University of Oregon. I’ve always been interested in art, art history, and what goes on in that space. And I feel honored and privileged to be a part of it now through the bongs. I never really thought that I could get there.” The Dream Factory is an excellent stop in Las Vegas that holds a lot of history for glass art. “Cannabis has unfolded recreationally and become more and more mainstream,” says Harris. “And it’s allowed us to sell expensive pieces, which gives us time to put into the artwork. All that is kind of a good, perfect storm. The Dream Factory itself, in terms of visiting tourists, is a great destination right near Fremont Street.” This article was originally published in the March 2024 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

Weed From Seed: Understanding F1 Hybrids

Breeding is a fascinating subject to examine as it is the backbone of commercial agriculture and is crucial to the success of the farmers’ crops. Without stable and vigorous genetics, a farmer could have massive issues with their crop, leading to a huge loss of revenue. Due to the cannabis industry living in the shadows for so long, breeding was largely relegated to closets and amateur “pollen chuckers,” people crossing random plants in the hope of getting something new and desirable. This is where the term phenohunting comes from. By crossing heterozygous parent stock, the genetics of the progeny, or phenotypes, would be filled with variance. As a result, the progeny would have variants that expressed recessive genes, as well as plants with genetic mutations. This might be desirable when looking for something unique or new, however, these plants could also inherit undesirable traits like hermaphroditism or become more susceptible to illness or pathogens. With cannabis breeding and cultivation being illegal for so long, the other issue that breeders ran into was the threat of having their plants or seeds seized in a raid. Many breeders in Amsterdam and other places around the world have faced this problem, which has led to cases of lost rare genetics. The threat of having your grow discovered also meant it was challenging to run an extended breeding program because you never knew how long you had in one spot.  This is one reason why a true F1 hybrid remains a rarity amongst seed companies. It was always possible to find some strains that were naturally homozygous (possessing two identical forms of a particular gene, one inherited from each parent), and when grown out from seed, the population would have some degree of uniformity. Still, it was rare to find uniformity above 92%. These days, the term F1 hybrid has become a new marketing catchphrase for cannabis seed companies. Often, seed companies advertise that they now have genuine F1s—and some of them might have actually taken the time to accomplish that—but the process of stabilizing parents to the point of true breeding stock can take years. It also helps to have a lab that can run portions of the plant’s genetics through a DNA sequencing system, as that’s really the only way to know the amount of homozygosity in your plants with certainty. The very first recorded example of an F1 hybrid was observed by an Augustinian monk named Gregor Mendel in the 19th century. The “F” stands for filial, which means “first child,” and in this earliest example of selective breeding, Mendel used two different strains of green pea plants and cross pollinated them to create a new F1 hybrid pea strain. The new strain he created was heterozygous and, therefore, expressed different genes from its parents. This occurred because the parent seeds were pure (“inbred”) breeding stock or homozygous, meaning they had a set of genetically uniform traits that would be passed to the child cross. In the case of cannabis, this could be one parent with a dominant gassy terpene profile and another with a dominant purple color. By knowing which traits in the parents were dominant, a breeder could predict what the offspring cross would look like and breed with purpose. In the example above, the new cross would take the dominant parts of the parent and would produce an offspring that was gassy and purple. This combination of genes would make the new cross heterozygous, giving it heterosis or hybrid vigor. Moreover, by starting with stable inbred parent stock (strains crossed back to themselves otherwise known as inbred, backcrossed or selfed), the new cross would have a high degree of uniformity. Even though the new cross would be the genetic combination of the parents, the population would have inherited the same traits across the whole generation. The key to growing from seed is having a uniform, stable, and vigorous plant. This is why a true F1 hybrid seed would be a game changer for cannabis growers, allowing them to start from a seed, which results in a better yield and a stronger plant than their normal clone starts. Cannabis is one of the few industries that exclusively use clones in commercial cultivation. Almost every other agriculture sector uses seeds as their starting source because of the vigor and strength of an F1 hybrid. Humboldt Seed Company is one of the few companies that has been working on F1 hybrids in conjunction with a lab that offers them the ability to run their plants through a gene sequencer. This shows them the degree of zygosity their parent plants have, allowing them to accurately predict the outcome of their selective crosses. The key to their breeding program is working with stable inbred parent stock. This means they might self the parent plants to a sixth or seventh generation, ensuring that the parents are as homozygous as possible. This way, you have a predictable parent and can create predictable offspring that show a combination of the parent’s most dominant traits. For example, when you buy a pack of Humboldt Seed Company’s OG seeds, you will get a uniform set of plants that all smell gassy and have a similar growth structure—the same with their Blueberry Muffin strain, which always produces plants that smell like blueberries. As the industry matures, more seed companies will likely look to stabilize their inventory of mother and father plants to produce more F1s. This will also come as a major benefit to cultivators as they will finally be able to join their agricultural colleagues by using seeds to start their crops. This will see more robust plants and greater yields for the gardeners, giving them the chance to also lower their costs as the same square footage of their grows will now potentially produce 20-30% more flower. Ideally, the cost savings would be passed down to the consumer, giving them a higher-quality flower with a slightly lower price. The emergence of true F1 hybrids in cannabis is a positive new step for an industry held back by years of existing in the shadows of illegality. This article was originally published in the February 2024 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

Frequently Asked Questions (to a Culture Writer)

This isn’t what I intended to write this week, but big pieces take time, and deadlines don’t wait, so in an effort to provide as much value to as many of you as possible, I’ve decided to spin up a list of the most frequently asked questions I receive, and their answers from my perspective. This one kind of runs the gamut of trending weed culture right now, but is by no means an exhaustive list of the important matters at hand, just the collection that I – your friendly neighborhood stoner – get pretty much every time I go to a sesh. Now to be clear, these are just my opinions. As educated as they may be, you may not feel the same way about any, or all, of these topics. That’s ok, as there’s no one right answer for most of this stuff; a lot are a matter of perspective. However, talking about them, and attacking what some consider problems from different angles is how we solve these complex issues. I’m hoping by laying my thoughts out here they not only inform those without my understanding, but also attract those with other perspectives, or potential solutions, to share them as well.  Also, I’m not a cultivator, so sorry in advance to any of you who were looking for grow answers, because you won’t find them here. If this goes well maybe we’ll do another round of these in the future, and maybe we’ll even get some other perspectives in the mix. If you’d like your question to be considered, feel free to email me with the subject line ‘FAQ ?s’ and I’ll save them for the next iteration.  Anyway, without further adieu, here are my most frequently asked questions: This was one of the first topics we really covered when we started WEIRDOS. First Dante Jordan asked you to stop complaining about the price, and then I reverse-engineered how an eighth gets to $60 – though that was focused on the legal side. What we didn’t specifically cover in those pieces were the basic laws of supply and demand, and while this may be a little basic for many of you, I think we should start here: the price of a product is directly correlated to the metrics of supply and consumer demand of that product.  An easy way to explain this is: if there’s a limited number of something but a very large demand, the price will increase. This works inversely, too. As supply of a certain product increases, demand typically decreases, and with that, so does the price. The sneaker aftermarket is a great way to visualize this: tons of people want Travis Scott Jordan’s, but they only make so many. Because of this, people will pay insane prices to acquire them on the aftermarket. Nike knows they shouldn’t make enough of those to satisfy everyone so that there is a loud visible demand, and a cool factor for those who scored. It also keeps their prices healthy for the brand, even if they’re not eating all the aftermarket gains. These calculations (although often frustrating consumers) have kept Nike’s foot on our necks for generations. Now, back to weed. We are currently experiencing the largest glut of cannabis the world has ever seen. More regions are growing than ever, and in bigger facilities than ever before. That means weed will naturally be available for cheaper than ever, especially in these oversaturated markets. There are also more people competing for that market share than ever, and increased competition makes everyone’s margins slimmer because there are more opponents they have to figure out a way to provide greater value than. This will be experienced the worst in major rec markets, but the trickle down can be felt everywhere – even those hard to reach super locked-down markets like Japan are seeing increased supply because SO much is being grown across the globe. The difficulty to obtain the substance will still keep the prices minorly inflated in those areas until the market opens up though. But it’s important to recognize that this was ALWAYS going to happen. Legalization, and the increased access it brings, was always going to cause downward pressure on the price of goods because it would make them available everywhere – not just in alleys and peoples living rooms. Our OG’s all said this would happen, and the culling was easily predicted if you were paying attention.  That said, every market has a high end, and we’re simultaneously seeing the highest per ounce prices ever on that side of the market – simply because there’s so much trash that people will pay a premium to tune out the noise.  So not that this is a super clear answer, but: there’s both great and bad cheap AND expensive weed everywhere now, sometimes it just requires some effort to find. I mean, honestly if you didn’t have to smoke them I have seen some very appealing spray packs. Sometimes they smell so good I would legit try the terp juice itself for flavor if it was made available to me, but I’m old and know how weed is supposed to smoke. Sourwavez did a piece for us awhile back about his experience smoking one, and my experience was very similar. It crackled. That’s not what weed is supposed to do. But…. Let’s start here: First remember that many of the ‘young adults’ of today grew up smoking usb sticks that tasted like cotton candy. Many didn’t smoke cigarettes, and many’s first experience with weed was also a vape – not a joint or a bowl like most of us old heads. Now, vapes use a lot of these same flavors, so if that’s their introduction to cannabis to begin with, why would they expect (or WANT) something different when they eventually graduate to flower?  Next, and I think the most common misconception I hear is people assuming all these spray packs are trashy mids that couldn’t sell on their own WITHOUT the terp infusion. I’m sorry to tell you, you’d be wrong on that. While yes for the most part MOST of the market is more middy than it is high end, shouts to Ted’s Mylar reel the other day, there are indeed great packs getting sprayed too. Spray packs are getting a premium in major cities right now, which means that spraying just about ANY work will make it more valuable. This likely won’t last forever, but you can’t blame the sellers for playing the market – I just hope the kids learn their lesson quickly, and that everyone’s infusing with safe-for-combustion consumption materials. Yet, at least in America.* In my opinion this is because pretty much every lounge thus far has really been two competing business models rolled into one, fighting itself to survive. That is to say restaurant + lounges. You see, restaurants need to churn tables in order to make money, whereas lounges should be better at monetizing your presence the longer you hang out there – think small snacks, drinks, and rentals. Restaurants have much slimmer margins and need to get a certain number of people through their door a day in order to turn a profit. Because you have these two models which are clearly at odds, most lounges I’ve experienced domestically kind of feel like hanging out at a place that really wants you to leave. They’re not intending that feeling, of course, they just typically have two waitresses (one for food, one for weed), trying to make some money (and also tips) while you just want to be stoned. It always feels hectic.  That’s not to say that there aren’t *nice* lounges here. For example, places like the Woods or PleasureMed in Los Angeles are some of the most gorgeous venues I’ve been in – so we’re getting there. Abroad, lounges have had a longer history to work out the kinks of their business models, and while Amsterdam has been the leader in ‘coffee shops’ across the globe, what’s going on in Barcelona has really raised the bar for the whole industry. I have faith that with time we’ll start to see lessons from those shops applied over here. I’m actually very surprised however that we haven’t seen weed theaters yet, the format seems perfect for a lounge. There is already a process for keeping the crowd moving – they finish their movie, they leave. I know AMC and the other cinemas are struggling, so why not try adding some ashtrays? They’ve already got the 21+ theaters so they can serve alcohol, why not try a few of them out as smoking spots instead? I would say we should see weed venues too, but venues make the majority of their money off alcohol and I’m pretty sure all of the states have blocks between alcohol and cannabis operating together – for example, in New York the clean air act says there is no *smoking* allowed in venues, not specifically cigarette smoking, so we’re fucked for now, but that will change with time. But if anyone knows any execs at AMC tell them they can have this idea free just make it a reality for us! First and foremost, I need everyone to realize that no matter your interpretation of their Terms of Service, every social media platform is a business and protecting that business is of the utmost importance to them. That business primarily monetizes through advertising. While yes, we are a burgeoning semi-legal industry, to them we are still just a federally controlled substance, and risking the health of their platform for the sake of the small potatoes we offer collectively in advertising revenue just doesn’t make sense yet.  But I’m getting ahead of myself – the long and short of this is we’re essentially trying to sell weed at someone’s house party, and then are being surprised when the owner is kicking us out of his living room. The house party is the platform. Since it doesn’t belong to us, what we do there is at the behest of the owner. The thing that we forget is that Meta will down throttle ALL businesses if it thinks you’re making money on their platform without cutting them in – aka advertising. I have watched this happen in several other industries, it’s not unique to us. However, what is semi-unique to us, is that we’re what’s considered dangerous content on the platform. I know that sounds harsh, but most illegal and age-gated things are. You don’t see a ton of tobacco ads, do ya? (That’s also a more complicated issue I’ll address in the future but…) You know why you only see a few liquor ones? Bc they’re age-gated. There are rules for advertising, but more important than that, the platform is most concerned with protecting its users that have the longest possible lifecycle on the platform – in other words, the kids there. Anything that risks children on the platform, or makes their parents want to ban them from visiting, is incredibly risky to Meta, or any social platform. They’re trying to protect their kids more than they’re trying to ban us, but the result is often the same. I know it’s frustrating building and losing pages, or getting shadowbanned, but the best advice I can give you is that whatever you’re doing on the platforms is at best ‘rented audience’ anyway – until you have the direct contact info for your audience, they’re not really yours. All social should be a funnel back to your owned and operated properties – in other words, your house. The place where you control the rules. Once they’ve landed on your O&O, you can do anything you want with them… While this is horrible, weed is still a very effective tool of oppression and many of the powers that be are very reluctant to give that up. Think about how easy something ‘smelling like weed’ has made police officers’ jobs, and how many people have been drafted into the for-profit prison industry on the backs of these laws. I’ll get into lobbying in a second, but people pay to keep these kind of things in place so that their businesses (like having people to make your license plates for like $0.03/hour) continue to flourish.  We forget when we talk about cannabis prisoners that a LOT of people locked up right now without any cannabis charges on their books also arrived there because a search of their vehicle or home started with that smell. I am sorry to say that every police officer I have conversed with deeply about legalization has agreed on this point, even if they know in their heart it’s not right, even if they themselves have smoked before, it’s their canary in the coal mine. But! But! If we actually see scheduling movement this year, it’s important to remember that even though it’s not everything we want, it IS a step in the right direction. Simply? Because we’re not paying enough of the right people. But frankly, expecting a full removal from the schedule was a pipe dream and anyone with any real intellect knows that – NOT because it should be scheduled at all, but because expecting a complete reversal from the government – that is, making them admit just how wrong they were about this plant in one fell swoop – especially when the current administration literally helped start the war on drugs – was just never going to happen. They couldn’t take that hit to their infrastructure.  You see, you don’t have to look past that act making the whole scheduling system seem broken (which it is, but that’s another rant) to realize that a move like that would immediately make people say ‘oh so heroin might not be that bad either?’, and liquidate any faith remaining in the DEA. But the minutia gets way more American. That is to say: greedy.  You all know what lobbying is, right? It’s how ‘interest groups’ (aka fat cats who aren’t looking to slim down) retain their vice grip on our ‘free’ society. The long and short of it is they *pay* (which doesn’t always mean directly handing money to) politicians to *care* about whatever cause it is that matters to them. You know why Benzos, which are highly addictive and have withdrawals that can kill you, are Schedule IV? Because the guys that make them have spent a LOT of money buying the interests of politicians. For decades. You know who’s spending the most money advocating for the causes we care about right now? Multi State Operators. Not that I believe they’re ALL evil, but many of them WANT, and are PAYING FOR, states to lock up licenses and make the barriers to entry so high that you and I could never compete. They want to lock up homegrow so they can control the market. They don’t care about quality, they care about getting rich. Until the real heads start pooling some money together and ‘buying off’ some of these powerful people, it’s going to be a slow boat for us. Probably not, but all things considered, they’re heading in the right direction, and they’re actually not as bad as most of our mopey asses make it out to seem. I get we’ve got colleagues going down left and right, and I feel for them all – in most industries the vast majority of businesses don’t make it, but our guys were largely shielded from that the past few decades because we had a crop that sold itself. Now that that crop is available everywhere, we’re moving into a different world.  But just think, back in the 90’s we had friends dying from AIDS that the government ignored, and we legalized this plant in California to increase their quality of life. A decade or so later Sanjay introduced the world to Charlotte Figi, and the good word spread. Then Colorado legalized and made so much money in tax revenue they had to give money to schools, and fix roads. A few years later New York finally legalized, and now you can smoke weed in the city anywhere you can smoke a cigarette. As tough as things feel right now, we’re in the brightest days our plant has ever seen – we’ve just got to hold the line and before we know it we’ll find the future we’ve all been waiting for. Okay, maybe not before we know it, but eventually! We’ve already come so far…

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