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Hemp News, Laws & Product Updates

A curated news hub focused on hemp regulation and policy changes, cannabinoids (CBD/Delta-8/Delta-9/hemp-derived THC), lab testing and COAs, product safety, brands, and industry trends.

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https://hightimes.com/

New 3D Printed Device May Remove Need for Animal Drug Testing

A 3D printed chip which mimics human organ systems may allow for drugs to one day be tested without harming animals. Pharmaceuticals are often if not always tested on animals before ever being administered to humans, though many drugs never make it that far in the process. In fact, when I interviewed Willy Myco the notorious YouTube educator on all things shroom-growing, he told me that he left a high-ranking position with a top pharmaceutical company to pursue YouTube content creation because he saw a room full of animals in cages who were slated to be incinerated after the tests were complete.  This practice may eventually be a thing of the past thanks to a particular new invention created by in vitro pharmacology p.H.D. student Liam Carr and his fellow researchers at the University of Edinburgh. The 3D-printed device, which loosely resembles a translucent Connect-4 set, is referred to as a “body-on chip” and reportedly is able to replicate the way different medicines move through the human body by utilizing a process known as positron emission tomography or “PET scanning.” This essentially means that small radioactive chemicals are sent into the device which transmit images to small cameras.  “This device is the first to be designed specifically for measuring drug distribution, with an even flow paired with organ compartments that are large enough to sample drug uptake for mathematical modeling, Carr said to the Guardian. “Essentially, allowing us to see where a new drug goes in the body and how long it stays there, without having to use a human or animal to test it.” Now while this all may be too fancy of medical language for this humble journalist to fully grasp, Carr said the way the device works almost perfectly matches the rates at which drugs are taken in by different organ systems, allowing for accurate mathematical data to be gathered without the need for humans or animals to actually take the drug.  “Using mathematic modeling, we have found that the rate of transfer into the organ compartments and the uptake of nutrients in vitro mimics in vivo organ results,” Carr said in a University of Edinburgh press release. “It’s been really exciting to be able to use PET imaging to modify the device and produce even flow through all organ compartments.” According to PETA, over 110 million animals including “mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birds” are killed every year in pharmaceutical testing. Many of these animals are subjected to barbaric forms of what most humans would consider torture as well including having holes drilled in their skulls, being forced to inhale toxic fumes, being immobilized in restraints for several hours at a time to name a few. Carr’s supervisor said in a press release that this new device could drastically reduce that number of animals over time, especially considering that a very low percentage of drugs actually progress past animal trials.  “This device shows really strong potential to reduce the large number of animals that are used worldwide for testing drugs and other compounds, particularly in the early stages, where only 2% of compounds progress through the discovery pipeline,” said Carr’s supervisor Dr Adriana Tavares of the University’s Centre for Cardiovascular Science. Carr and his fellow researchers have received funding in the form of £260,000 (which equates to a little over $287,000 USD) from the Medical Research Council to continue testing the device using sterile materials. The device can also reportedly be used to test other substances beyond pharmaceuticals such as aerosols, food and household products.  “We’re delighted to be supporting Liam and the CVS team in the development of this ‘body-on-chip’, and we look forward to seeing the impact this novel device has on testing and progression of new compounds and drugs in the future,” said Dr Susan Bodie, Head of Business Development for the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine at Edinburgh Innovations. It was not immediately clear based on the press release when/if the device may be distributed or when, if ever, the number of animals used in experiments may begin to dwindle but as with all things medicine it is safe to assume it will be a little while before use of this device becomes widespread. But for the sake of the animals, consider my fingers crossed. 

https://hightimes.com/

Hemp-Based Battery Maker Aims to Hire Laid Off Energizer Employees

A hemp-based battery manufacturing company is coming to a town in Wisconsin with a goal to hire former employees of Energizer. Portage, Wisconsin-based Wisconsin Battery Co. (WinBat) makes batteries out of hemp instead of graphene, for use in devices like hearing aids. Earlier this month, WinBat announced that it has acquired 17 acres of land in the Portage Industrial Park to develop its battery plant. According to a Dec. 21 press release, development will focus on: WinBat CEO Jeff Greene said Portage will serve as an ideal place to build a new renewable energy battery power plant, given the skill set that former Energizer employees already possess. “Obviously having 400 to 500 trained employees that are knowledgeable in the battery makes that area seemed right for a new battery company,” Greene told WMTV. “Most of the folks we’ve talked to, cautious optimism is kind of where we’ve gotten them to. They had fear and I think we’ve turned that fear into cautious optimism.” The Wisconsin Battery Co. is a research, development and manufacturing company owned by the Sustainable Communities Corp., which is dedicated to advancing energy storage solutions that contribute to a more sustainable and clean future. Greene said he got the idea when he was lobbying for a Florida-based hemp company that asked him to find the top five ways in which hemp fiber could be best used. “The people (in Portage) have been fantastic,” he said. “We have asked and received tremendous support from the people helping us. I am very blessed that the response has been so exciting.” The company gained local support. The City of Portage supports the goal to move forward with the plan. At a Dec. 7 Common Council meeting, city officials gave Greene 90 days to come up with a building plan. Portage Mayor Mitchel Craig is cautiously optimistic, after Energizer decided to leave Wisc “This is going to be huge for the city of Portage,” Craig said of the new plant that’s planned to open in the city. “The Energizer plant employed 225 people, and it is projected that within six years they will have 600 people working at this new facility.” Wisconsin Battery Co. will focus development on the production of hemp carbon batteries as a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries as well as the production of industrial batteries, which make energy storage solutions for solar and wind power systems more efficient and reliable. The company plans to grow and hire 600 employees within the first six years of operation. Their goal is to start where Energizer left off, creating batteries to be used in hearing aids. The long-term goal is to produce two innovative batteries that will offer improved energy density, longer lifespans, and reduced carbon footprint. More information will become available in the upcoming months. Greene and Mayor Craig will hold a press conference at 2 p.m. on Jan. 9, 2024, in Portage, where they plan to share more information about the project. The company is focusing operations in Portage now, but will consider building another plant in Fennimore, where Energizer is also closing down another manufacturing plant. “Nothing outlasts the Energizer,” but hemp may do exactly that: Hemp advocates say that hemp batteries last eight times longer than lithium batteries, outperforming graphene for a fraction of the cost. Battery makers process hemp’s woody pulp, formint it into carbon nanosheets, which they used to build supercapacitors that behave better than graphene, the industry gold standard Much of the energy used to extract and process battery components like lithium comes from CO2-emitting fossil fuels. The “Hemperor” has been telling us about these benefits all along, which also apply to the manufacturing of batteries. “Government and oil and coal companies, etc., will insist that burning biomass fuel is no better than using up our fossil fuel reserves, as far as pollution goes; but this is patently untrue,” Jack Herer wrote in The Emperor Wears No Clothes, citing several sources. “Why? Because, unlike fossil fuel, biomass comes from living (not extinct) plants that continue to remove carbon dioxide pollution from our atmosphere as they grow, through photosynthesis. Furthermore, biomass fuels do not contain sulfur. This can be accomplished if hemp is grown for biomass and then converted through pyrolysis (charcoalizing) or biochemical composting into fuels to replace fossil fuel energy products.” Replacing graphene for use in batteries is just another way hemp can be used for more sustainable energy. 

https://hightimes.com/

NY Gov. Vetoes Bill Letting Growers Sell Surplus Cannabis to Tribal Retailers

As the New York cannabis market continues to steadily find its footing among a number of delays, the state’s governor has vetoed a measure that would have provided solutions for growers with a surplus of product without means to sell it. The legislation, sponsored by Sen. Michelle Hinchey (D) and Assemblywoman Donna Lupardo (D), would have allowed licensed growers to sell their products to tribal retailers. The sponsors, who respectively chair the state Senate and Assembly agriculture committees, shared that the veto by Gov. Kathy Hochul wasn’t a shocking move, despite the fact that the legislation was first approved back in June. “We offered a way for some of the oversupply of cannabis grown by NY’s farmers to be sold to NY’s Tribal Nations,” Hinchey and Lupardo said in a statement. “Given the fact that this temporary measure would have expired on December 31st anyway, the veto is hardly a surprise.” In September, lawmakers appealed to Hochul to emphasize the hundreds of farmers struggling to sell their crops because of the limited number of open dispensaries in the state. Sixty-six members of the legislature, about a third of New York’s state lawmakers, had sent a letter urging Hochul to sign the measure. “Right now, there are over 200 cannabis farmers trying to sell their crops but only 23 dispensaries open statewide,” the bipartisan Senate and Assembly members wrote in September. “This has resulted in more than 250,000 pounds of unsold cannabis. Farmers who took out loans and leveraged all their assets to cultivate these crops are demoralized and facing financial disaster unless we act quickly to provide them with an alternate market.” The legislation was formally transmitted to Gov. Hochul earlier in December, and she vetoed them on Friday, Marijuana Moment reports. In their statement reacting to the veto, the sponsors also emphasized the pressing nature of this issue, saying that New York’s farmers “remain financially ruined by circumstances beyond their control,” adding that they will remain committed to helping these farmers and processors “that NY’s legal cannabis industry depends on in any way possible.” It’s just one of many setbacks surrounding New York’s long standing effort to get the state’s recreational cannabis market up and moving. The Empire State first legalized adult-use cannabis in March 2021, but in the months since, the market’s full launch has been delayed by a slew of regulatory delays, legal issues and a hefty illicit market looking to fill the gap. “Regulatory delays, lawsuits, and logistical and financing challenges have caused the state to miss its timelines and targets,” the September letter said. “However, cultivators are the group paying the steepest price.” The market officially opened last December, and by the end of this year, New York is expected to have at least 37 adult-use dispensaries open for business. While 2023 showed more progress than the years preceding it, lawmakers emphasized that growers are still suffering due to a surplus of products with nowhere to legally sell them.  “New York’s cannabis farmers, who went out on a limb to help get the state’s legal market off the ground, should not be facing financial ruin because of regulatory delays,” the lawmakers said. “We should be giving them every possible opportunity to stay afloat while they await the development of the market they were promised.” Largely, this year saw a number of lawsuits reach settlement, paving the way for more shops to open and for the trend to continue through 2024. Still, lawmakers in favor of the legislation argued that the continued delays are hurting the state’s farmers, who continue to wait for solutions as the market slowly inches forward. “Crops were grown last year with the understanding that there would be a legal market for them to sell it… We are urging the governor to quickly sign this short-term solution, one that will help provide some measure of relief to what is quickly becoming an agricultural emergency,” the letter states. A sponsor memo attached to the bill references that growers were informed they would not be permitted to sell cannabis outside of state lines, though it also points out that they were expecting that New York’s “robust state market would exist during the conditional license time frame.” Crops are now losing their potency, color and terpene profile in storage, ultimately reducing their value if and when producers can finally sell it, the memo notes. A New York grower’s showcase provided some relief for farmers with surplus products throughout 2023, leading to a total of 48 events with most open one or more days weekly. The current permit ends on Dec. 31, 2023, and while a possible extension was in play until recently, the future status of these markets remains undetermined. While New York’s market continues to lag, tribal governments have stayed ahead of the curb, as the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe accepted the first adult-use license applications just months after the state first legalized recreational cannabis in 2021.

https://hightimes.com/

Death of ‘Parasite’ Actor Linked to South Korean Anti-Drug Crackdown

South Korean actor Lee Sun-kyun, known for playing the wealthy father in Bong Joon-ho’s 2019 film Parasite, was found dead in his car on Wednesday morning. Inside the car, parked near Waryong Park in central Seoul, investigators found a charcoal briquette. The briquette, a compressed block of coal that can cause carbon monoxide poisoning, suggests he died by suicide. He was 48 years old. Lee passed away at the pinnacle of his career. In addition to starring in the Oscar-winning thriller, which earned him a Screen Actors Guild Award alongside his fellow cast members, he also played a leading role in the internationally acclaimed sci-fi film Dr. Brain. His last two films, Sleep and Project Silence – horror and disaster films, respectively – both made it into the 76th Cannes Film Festival. News outlets speculate Lee’s suicide may be related to his criminal charges. In October, the actor was arrested by the Incheon Metropolitan Police for allegedly using marijuana and other illegal drugs at the home of a hostess in Seoul’s Gangnam district earlier in the year. Lee’s most recent police interrogation, which took place last Saturday, went on for a shocking total of 19 hours.  According to an article from Korea Times, Lee said that he was “tricked by the hostess into taking the drugs and that he did not know what he was taking.” He had tested negative for a reagent test and a lab-based drug test from Korea’s National Forensic Service, and submitted a polygraph lie detector test at the insistence of his lawyer.  The Korea Times article also states that, before his death, Lee filed a complaint against the hostess and one other, seemingly unknown person, “accusing them of blackmail and swindling him out of money.” When the actor was first taken in for questioning on October 28, he said he was “sorry for my family, who are enduring extreme pain at this moment.” In an apparent suicide note addressed to his wife Jeon Hye Jin, which was published by the Korean channel TV Chosun the following day, Lee wrote he “cannot do anything else, there is no other way but this.” Relaying a message to his agents, he added that “the financial penalties for breaching advertising and movie contracts are overwhelming. I am sorry.”  Although the motivations for Lee’s suicide remain the subject of debate, journalists link the event to the Korean government’s ongoing crackdown on recreational drug use. This crackdown began in April, when conservative president Yoon Suk Yeol announced a “war on drugs” and created an 840 person-strong department to help him wage it.  New laws subjecting producers, distributors, and users to prison sentences of up to 10 years in prison have since led to the arrest of over 17,000 people – a number that not only includes other South Korean celebrities like actor Yoo Ah-in and K-pop singer Kwon Ji-yong, but also a group of American army officers accused of shipping in synthesized marijuana through the US postal service.  The scale and scope of the crackdown is questionable. Included in the government’s list of illegal drugs are not just cocaine, opiates, and methamphetamines, but also soft drugs like marijuana. If South Korea once appeared willing to adopt more liberal drug policies, President Yoon is stirring the country in the direction of zero-tolerance regimes like Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. 

https://hightimes.com/

Missouri Regulators Introduce New Bill To Regulate Delta-8 THC Products

Missouri Sen. Nick Schroer recently introduced Senate Bill 984, also called the “Intoxicating Cannabinoid Control Act,” which if passed would make all “intoxicating cannabinoid products” labeled as cannabis. The bill’s function is to regulate hemp products made with Delta-8 THC, which is currently regulated as hemp and not cannabis. Current problems with this include lack of regulation for how old an individual must be to purchase Delta-8 hemp products, and lack of requirements for accurate testing to be presented on product packaging. According to the Missouri Independent, Schroer’s concern is that Delta-8 THC products are too easy for minors to get a hold of. “I’ve had constituents reaching out to me saying that their kids had been hospitalized,” Schroer said. If SB-984 became law, it would require the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) to establish regulations that are similar to that of current cannabis law. Rep. Chad Perkins also filed a companion bill, House Bill 1781, in the house. The Missouri Independent reached out to DHSS regarding a comment on the bills. DHSS spokesperson Lisa Cox said that they have no comments to provide for currently proposed bills, but that “we do acknowledge the potential and ongoing public health impact of unregulated THC products,” Cox said. Cox explained that DHSS wants to see regulations that protect the public, especially children. “The department has increased its emphasis on regulatory mechanisms that protect health and children in order to minimize any contribution of the regulated cannabis market to such incidents,” Cox continued. “As of right now, there is no such protective framework for unregulated THC products.” Missouri Hemp Trade Association (MHTA) President Sean Hackman told the Missouri Independent that that’s exactly what his organization seeks to do. “While any overdose report, especially those involving minors, is deeply concerning, this does not constitute a public health emergency but rather an opportunity for improved regulation,” Hackman said in a statement. However, he added that MHTA does not support Delta-8 product regulation through the DHSS or requiring such products to only be sold in licensed dispensaries. This isn’t the first attempt that legislators have made to tackle the topic of Delta-8 product regulation. Rep. Kurtis Gregory filed House Bill 1328 in February 2023, in an attempt to re-label Delta-8 products as cannabis instead of hemp. “The reason I’m doing this right now is there’s currently no age limits on it,” said Gregory. “I feel like this is operating under a loophole right now.” The bill unfortunately did not proceed past a public hearing in April 2023 due to strong opposition. Some legislators claimed that regulating Delta-8 products would further create a monopoly, mainly due to inconsistencies in how the DHSS was approving cannabis licenses. Many applicants seeking a license were denied but are still legally allowed to sell Delta-8 THC products. Currently, a lawsuit has been filed by a Missouri cannabis manufacturer called Delta Extraction. In August, the Missouri Division of Cannabis Regulation (DCR) was given an anonymous tip that Delta Extraction was allegedly conducting illegal activities. Soon after, the DCR issued an Order of Immediate Suspension that told the company to immediately halt operation, and told all stores to pull 60,000 items from shelves, which included anything made by Delta Extraction. The company’s license was revoked by November 2023. Delta Extraction attorney representative, Chuck Hatfield, alleges that the DCR doesn’t have the authority to regulate hemp products. “The Division of Cannabis Regulation’s authority to regulate is limited to non-hemp marijuana and does not depend on whether it is used to make THC,” said Hatfield, according to the Missouri Independent. The case is awaiting discussion through an Administrative Hearing Commission, which will determine if regulators have the right to prevent licensed companies like Delta Extraction from infusing hemp-derived THC products into cannabis products produced in the state. While the case is ongoing, Schroer said that they will continue to monitor the progress. “We’re still going to use this judicial guidance to craft a type of law compliant with that case law, that is going to protect the youth of our state and any type of consumer of these types of products,” Schroer said. Missouri medical cannabis sales have been running since October 2020, but recreational cannabis was much more recently implemented by way of voters at the November 2022 ballot. Possession regulations were loosened as of December 2022, and the first sales began in February 2023. During the first month, adult-use sales reached $100 million, and by May the state had already surpassed $1 billion in legal cannabis sales. The passage of Missouri’s recreational cannabis law also states that nonviolent cannabis cases should be expunged from criminal records. The law stated that misdemeanor expungements must be completed by June 8, and felony expungements by Dec. 8. Although these deadlines were missed, the state has expunged almost 100,000 records. One author of Amendment 3, Dan Viets, told KMBC News that skipping the deadline wasn’t a concern as long as progress was being made. “We have always said that as long as the courts, the circuit clerks in particular, are making a good faith effort to comply with the law, to get those cases expunged, that we’ll be satisfied,” Viets said. “They have not technically met the deadline. But on the other hand, we’re dealing with a century of marijuana prohibition in Missouri. So, there are hundreds of thousands of cases.”

https://hightimes.com/

Over 700 People Legally Tripped Shrooms in Oregon This Year

Psilocybin treatment centers in Oregon have administered magic mushrooms to over 700 people in 2023, the inaugural year of the program. Numbers reported by the Seattle Times who cited the Healing Advocacy Fund, a non-profit organization which supports the advancement of psychedelic therapies in Oregon and Washington, tally the total number of people who have accessed psilocybin therapy this year in Oregon at 715. Over 100 people have accessed the services in the last 20 days alone, as the Healing Advocacy Fund reported on Dec. 7 that the total number was just over 600. The Healing Advocacy Fund could not immediately be reached for confirmation on the latest numbers.  “Last week, the psychedelic community came together for a celebration around the progress we’ve made on safe and affordable psychedelic access,” a portion of a Healing Advocacy Fund press release said. “Now, this small but mighty program has been able to build a solid foundation of healing that has served over 600 clients to date. We know that in short order, this number will surpass the number of those who’ve undergone FDA clinical trials, and the nascent Oregon psilocybin community will be leading the way nationally for access to psilocybin therapy. What an honor and a privilege it is to be a part of this work, and to get to see so many people invested in psychedelic healing.” Oregon Ballot Measure 109, better known as the Psilocybin Services Act, was voted into law in November, 2020 and allowed for the Oregon Health Authority to “license and regulate the manufacturing, transportation, delivery, sale, and purchase of psilocybin products and the provision of psilocybin services” to adults over the age of 21. The state took two years to develop regulations and framework for psilocybin services as allotted by the language of the bill, and the first psilocybin service centers were permitted to open in May of this year. Since that time 20 psilocybin service centers have opened their doors offering a range of services for a range of symptoms and mental disorders that psilocybin treatments have shown promising results for, most prevalently depression and anxiety but psilocybin has also been studied as a potential treatment for PTSD, addiction and dozens if not hundreds more potential ailments.  Courtney Campbell and his wife, also named Courtney Campbell, opened a psilocybin treatment center in Northwest Portland called Chariot. According to an article in the Seattle Times, Chariot opened about two months ago and has been administering psilocybin ever since. The male half of the Courtney Campbells told the Seattle Times it was his own experience using psilocybin to get off his long-utilized medications for depression and anxiety that inspired him to throw his own hat in the ring of some of the first state-sanctioned psychedelic treatments in the continental United States. “I don’t know what it does,” Campbell said. “But what I know is that it helped me with my depression and anxiety. It’s the only substance that makes me not want to do any other substance.” As of now, psilocybin service centers in Oregon do not report patient data to the state but Senate Bill 303, which was signed by Governor Tina Kotek this last June, will allow for certain data to be collected and reported to the Oregon Health Authority. The requirements of the bill go into effect in 2025.  SB 303 would require service centers to report “the number of clients served, the average number of sessions per client, and the average dose of psilocybin per client,” according to the text of the bill. This information would be submitted quarterly to the Oregon Health Authority along with other basic identifying information found on most forms for any kind of healthcare like race, ethnicity, language, disability status, sexual orientation, gender identity, income, age, and county of residence.  Other information submitted would include the quantity of people denied care and the reasons for doing so as well as any adverse reactions that may take place during treatment. One of the main reasons the bill was passed was to prioritize social equity in the course of distributing licenses and determining proper regulations for such a novel and relatively untested program. Angie Allbee, who manages Oregon Psilocybin Services told the Seattle Times these matters are a top priority for her.  “As we continue working toward eliminating health inequities in Oregon,” Allbee said, “we look to the coming year as a time to deepen our commitment to equity and access, to community partnerships, and to safe, effective, and equitable psilocybin services.”

https://hightimes.com/

New Year Brings Employment Protections for California Cannabis Users

California workers who use cannabis will gain new employment protections under two laws that go into effect beginning on January 1. Under legislation passed by the California legislature last year, employers will be barred from discriminating against workers who test positive for cannabis in some drug screenings, while a separate measure passed in 2023 prohibits employers from asking employees or job candidates about their off-duty use of marijuana. Under Assembly Bill 2188 (AB 2188), which was signed into law by California Governor Gavin Newsom in 2022, employers will no longer be able to fire or discipline employees who test positive for cannabis in a urine or hair test. The bill also applies to job applicants, who cannot be denied employment based on the results of such drug screenings. The law does not prevent employers from using other drug tests for cannabis use, including blood or saliva tests.  The new law has exceptions for employees in the building and construction industry. The measure also exempts workers and job applicants for positions that require a federal background check or security clearance. Newsom signed the bill last year in conjunction with other cannabis-related legislation. At the time, the governor said in a press release that “rigid bureaucracy and federal prohibition continue to pose challenges to the industry and consumers.” Cannabis policy reform advocates have long been critical of drug screenings that rely on hair or urine samples because they can return positive results weeks after the person being tested used marijuana and do not indicate impairment at the time the sample was taken. Dale Gieringer, director of the California chapter of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (CalNORML), said that the legislation going into effect on January 1 improves the employment conditions for California’s workforce. “Testing or threatening to test bodily fluids for cannabis metabolites has been the most common way that employers harass and discriminate against employees who lawfully use cannabis in the privacy of their own homes,” Gieringer said in a statement from the cannabis policy reform advocacy group. “These new laws will end that practice without impacting workplace safety. Numerous studies have found that workers who test positive for cannabis metabolites have no higher risk of workplace accidents.” A separate piece of legislation passed earlier this year to clarify AB 2188, Senate Bill 700 (SB 700), amends California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act to ban employers from asking job applicants about their use of cannabis while off the job. Employers are still permitted to ask job candidates about their criminal history, but they may not use information about their prior use of cannabis that is related to their criminal history unless otherwise permitted by law. Jessica Hanson, CEO of cannabis seed company Symple Seeds, said that the new legislation is a positive step for both workers and the regulated cannabis industry.  “These new laws represent a significant victory for California’s workers and the legal cannabis industry,” Hanson wrote in an email to High Times on Wednesday. “By limiting employer inquiries about off-duty cannabis use and banning outdated testing methods, California sends a clear message: responsible adults should not be penalized for exercising their legal rights outside the workplace. This is a welcome step towards building a fairer and more mature cannabis industry.” The National Federation of Independent Business has characterized the new laws as one of the top five “compliance headaches” for small business owners in California for 2024. The California Chamber of Commerce expressed opposition to AB 2188 in its original form, saying the bill was a “job killer,” according to a report from public policy news site CalMatters. The business group later dropped its opposition to the legislation after lawmakers revised the bill. Both AB 2188 and SB 700 go into effect on January 1.

https://hightimes.com/

First Round of Cannabis Justice Reinvestment Grants Announced in Arizona

When Arizona voters approved adult-use cannabis initiative Prop 207 in 2020, it created a program called Justice Reinvestment Program, which directs the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) cannabis tax funds to go toward a variety of public services. The Justice Reinvestment Program includes funding for 1.) public and behavioral health services (such as substance abuse prevention/treatment), 2.) “Restorative justice, jail diversion, workforce development, industry-specific technical assistance or mentoring services” (to benefit those who are in areas that are disproportionately affected by high arrest rates), 3.) “addressing the underlying causes of crime” and targeting reduction in prison population and drug-related arrests, and 4.) funding the creation of tech or programs with a focus on “restoration of civil rights” and expunging records. On Dec. 21, the ADHS announced that it has finally chosen the recipients of the first round of Justice Reinvestment Grants. This includes 18 nonprofit recipients which …”address all of the key focus areas outlined in the statute and in the community listening sessions and represent communities from across the state of Arizona,” ADHS wrote. Northland Family Help Center, Hushabye Nursery, Axiom Community of Recovery, Cihuapactli Collective, Stuck Community Acupuncture, Inc, Phoenix Indian Center, Arouet Foundation, Friendly House, Jobs for Arizona’s Graduates (JAG), Persevere, Constructing Circles of Peace, Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. – Yuma, Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. – Parker, Arizona Democracy Resource Center, Southern Arizona Legal Aid, Inc, The Bambi Fund, Just Communities Arizona, and Our Sister Our Brother. According to a press release, ADHS began working on this initiative by analyzing state data and determining which communities were impacted the most by the War on Drugs, specifically in relation to “drug enforcement, arrest, and incarceration.” During this time, 18 listening sessions were heard, and participants came up with a list of eight points of benefit for their communities: neighborhood safety/community gathering places such as parks or community centers, cultural awareness training, affordable housing, stigma reduction, offering tech classes for people who were once incarcerated, youth development services, and substance abuse education/prevention. “Moving forward, the Office of Health Equity will develop a robust program evaluation process to ensure that funded projects serve the intended communities and create a positive impact,” ADHS continued. “The program evaluation will assess if awardees meet their determined goals and the data collected will be used in efforts to continuously improve the program. The Office will also facilitate a Community of Practice for all awardees and interested stakeholders to share best practices, lessons learned and build partnerships to support the communities served.” State law says that the Justice Reinvestment Program will receive 35% from the Justice Reinvestment Fund, which includes 10% of cannabis sales tax revenue. Additionally, one-third of cannabis tax revenue goes to community colleges and districts, 31% to public safety (law enforcement, fire departments, etc.), and 25% for the Arizona Highway Revenue Fund. When Prop 207 passed in 2020, it was widely celebrated by the cannabis community. NORML Executive Director Erik Altieri shared a statement about how it will benefit people in Arizona. “Until now, Arizona had imposed some of the strictest prohibition laws in the country; in some instances, the possession of even small amounts of marijuana was classified as a felony,” Altieri said. “By rejecting this failed policy, no Arizonan going forward will be saddled with a criminal conviction for engaging in the personal possession or cultivation of cannabis, or face the lifelong stigma that comes with it.” Recently, Arizona met a milestone sales achievement. As of December 2023, the state has officially collected more than $1 billion in cannabis sales (with data collected between January 2023-September 2023). This includes a split of adult-use cannabis sales ($797 million) and medical cannabis sales ($267 million) for the same nine-month time period. Since January 2021 when sales first began, the state has collected more than $4 billion in combined recreational and medical sales. Other states have also implemented similar programs to help fund various community services. The California Department of Cannabis Control (DCC) announced in February that it would be granting $20 million to bring cannabis retail stores to underserved areas through a Local Jurisdiction Retail Access Grant. Later in June, the DCC awarded $4.1 million as part of the first phase of the grant process. “The Local Jurisdictional Retail Access Grant program will help provide access to regulated cannabis retail for over 2 million Californians that currently live in an area where access to licensed cannabis retail businesses is insufficient,” said DCC Acting Director Rasha Salama. “In addition to improving access to existing customers, these grants are another important step towards establishing legal pathways for legacy and social equity operators.” Applications for Phase II of the Local Jurisdiction Retail Access Grant opened in October 2023, where $15 million is available in total funding. An announcement date has not yet been established.

https://hightimes.com/

Delaware Group Offers ‘Joints For Junk’ To Fight Trash Pollution

An advocacy group in Delaware is enlisting volunteers to clean up their community –– and then clear their mind.  Called “Joints for Junk,” the program works exactly like it sounds: in exchange for a round of trash clean-up, the Delaware Cannabis Advocacy Network awards the volunteers with a joint of legal cannabis. “People preregistered, showed up, signed a waiver and we gave them a joint,” says Zoë Patchell, president of Delaware Cannabis Advocacy Network, told the Delaware News Journal. “And, actually, nobody took the joint and left. It was a really positive, inspiring day.” The group held the first “Joints for Junk” event in the fall, months after Delaware legalized recreational pot for adults.  According to the Delaware News Journal, the event –– held in Millsboro, Delaware –– ”drew more than 50 volunteers over the age of 21 with each getting a pre-rolled joint, which was donated by members of the nonprofit group.” The outlet said that, under the new state law, “anyone can gift an adult up to an ounce of marijuana.” “It was probably one of our best turnouts for a community service project,” Patchell said, as quoted by the Delaware News Journal. “There were a number of new people we had never met before, and a few of them even became members.” “It was a really positive reception,” Patchell added. “We just told them we were here to make Millsboro more green.” Delaware legalized adult-use marijuana in April, when Democratic Gov. John Carney allowed a pair of bills to become law. Carney had previously vetoed legislative proposals to legalize marijuana, but he stood down this year when Delaware lawmakers passed the measures with veto-proof majorities. “These two pieces of legislation remove all state-level civil and criminal penalties from simple marijuana possession and create a highly regulated industry to conduct recreational marijuana sales in Delaware,” Carney said in a statement at the time. “As I’ve consistently said, I believe the legalization of recreational marijuana is not a step forward. I support both medical marijuana and Delaware’s decriminalization law because no one should go to jail for possessing a personal use quantity of marijuana. And today, they do not.” Carney stressed that he remained opposed to legalization. “I want to be clear that my views on this issue have not changed. And I understand there are those who share my views who will be disappointed in my decision not to veto this legislation,” said Carney. “I came to this decision because I believe we’ve spent far too much time focused on this issue, when Delawareans face more serious and pressing concerns every day. It’s time to move on.” State House Rep. Ed Osienski, the sponsor of the two bills, celebrated the breakthrough, which made Delaware the 22nd state to legalize weed for adults. “After five years of countless meetings, debates, negotiations and conversations, I’m grateful we have reached the point where Delaware has joined a growing number of states that have legalized and regulated adult recreational marijuana for personal use,”Osienski said in a statement. “We know that more than 60% of Delawareans support the legalization of marijuana for adult recreational use, and more than two-thirds of the General Assembly agreed.” Osienski also saluted Carney for allowing the bills to become law. “I understand the governor’s personal opposition to legalization, so I especially appreciate him listening to the thousands of residents who support this effort and allowing it to become law,” Osienski added. “I am committed to working with the administration to ensure that the effort to establish the regulatory process goes as smoothly as possible.” The law allows individual communities in Delaware to opt out and ban weed within their jurisdictions.  Members of the town council in Millsboro did just that in September, when they unanimously passed an ordinance that bans the cultivation and sale of marijuana within their city limits. At the first “Joints for Junk” event held in November, volunteers “collected [trash] from the area surrounding the Millsboro Town Center ― the same place where the Town Council voted against marijuana just six days prior at a Nov. 6 public hearing,” according to the Delaware News Journal. Patchell said that the group wanted to “show everyone that cannabis consumers care about the community and a lot of the negative stereotypes are simply not true.”  “We care just like everybody else,” Patchell said.  According to the Delaware News Journal, six teams were “deployed in fluorescent yellow vests to pick up any garbage they found using large garbage bags of the same color” from 10 a.m. to noon. “While there were no issues reported with their first ‘Joints for Junk’ project, some residents came out from their homes to ask what was happening as they saw the brightly dressed volunteers roaming the neighborhood,” the outlet said.

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Survey: Majority of Sports Medicine Doctors Have Favorable Attitudes About MJ Use

Looking at recent cases like that of Sha’Carri Richardson, who was barred from competing in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics over a failed THC test, it’s clear that cannabis use among athletes is still a somewhat taboo topic. Still, looking at the slowly changing regulations in institutions like the NBA and NFL, the sports world is steadily embracing the potential benefits that cannabis has to offer athletes in regard to recovery and chipping away at the penalties for cannabis use of years past. And it’s evident when we look beyond these large stages that the status quo is beginning to shift. Namely, a new anonymous survey of physicians from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) looking to assess opinions on the use of CBD and cannabis found that these doctors generally have favorable attitudes toward the substances, though there are still varying views. The study, which appears in the journal Translational Sports Medicine, also found that most sports medicine physicians from the survey showed support for legal medical and recreational cannabis use. The study begins noting the “growing evidence regarding cannabinoid use in sports medicine and performance,” highlighting CBD as a particular point of interest. Authors note that cannabis and cannabinoid use has been studied through other areas of medicine, though data in regard to sports medicine is sparse.  To analyze sports physicians’ views on cannabis, physician members of the AMSSM received a survey via email on two separate occasions, with a total of 333 completed responses.  According to the results, 72% of the respondents supported the 2018 removal of CBD from the World Anti-Doping Agency’s banned substance list, while 66% supported its removal from the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) banned substance list. Fewer, 59%, supported removing cannabis as a whole from the WADA banned substances list, though 81% said that sports physicians should have formal training on cannabis and cannabinoids and an overwhelming 93% majority were interested in continued medical education for cannabinoids. A majority of respondents also showed support for medical cannabis legalization, 77%, and recreational legalization, 57%. As many conversations around cannabis use in sports, including those surrounding Richardson back in 2021, revolve around its potential as a performance-enhancing substance, the survey also recorded physicians’ opinions on that topic.  A majority of respondents said that CBD and THC are not performance enhancing (approximately 76% and 66%, respectively). Most physicians also agreed that CBD was not detrimental to athletic performance (approximately 61%), though the opinion shifted when it came to THC, at approximately 37% saying it was not detrimental to athletic performance. The survey also examined demographic information, finding that women, older doctors and rural respondents were less likely to favor legal adult-use cannabis. Authors note that these factors were also associated with a higher likelihood of disagreeing with the WADA removing cannabis from the prohibited substances list and the NCAA allowing college athletes to use cannabis. Men and younger physicians were also less likely to identify cannabis as performance enhancing. The study concludes noting that a number of sports doctors are already recommending CBD and cannabis products, noting that they are often used for chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain. Authors also claimed that this was the first study to reveal that providers are recommending these products for sports-related concussions and performance anxiety. “This advancing cultural shift motivates ongoing research and education for sports medicine providers to better answer questions posed by athletes about the safety, dosing, and potential effects of CBD and cannabis in sports,” researchers wrote. When looking at data from the survey showing that more doctors would recommend CBD (40.8%) instead of cannabis (24.8%), authors said that the reasons “are not entirely clear.” Though, “given the overall safety profile of CBD, its lack of ‘intoxicating’ effects, and the general infiltration of CBD into mainstream consumer products, providers may see CBD as a safer option for patients compared to Cannabis and THC-containing products.” Similarly, authors said that the reason more doctors believe that cannabis is detrimental to performance than CBD is unclear but that these perceptions could influence how sports medicine providers counsel athletes using these products. “It is important to note that the ergogenic versus ergolytic effects of CBD compared to cannabis are still largely unknown,” the authors said. “Therefore, these perceptual differences can largely, if not exclusively, be attributed to marketing and advertising. In addition, one must recognize the seemingly ubiquitous addition of CBD to countless consumer products, which may also contribute to this evolving distinction.” Authors also acknowledged the small sample size, accounting for only about 7% of the membership in the AMSSM, and due to the data coming from a single point in time, the study also can’t describe changing opinions.  “Lastly, although the survey was anonymous, this is still considered a fringe topic by many in sports medicine and medicine in general, which may limit the divulgence of actual behaviors and attitudes of respondents,” authors conclude.

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5 Inspirational Women in Cannabis

Reese Benton laid out the blueprint for successful socially equitable enterprises. Upon opening the Posh Green Cannabis Boutique in San Francisco, California in 2020, Benton became the first Black woman and first social equity license holder to become the sole owner of a cannabis retail store anywhere in the United States. Benton recently collaborated with Compound Genetics to release her own line of pre-rolls and is focused on franchising, as well as Tax Code 280E reform. She is a pioneer in the Bay Area’s highly competitive cannabis market in California. CEO of Quick American Publishing, Jane Klein, has worked in cannabis publishing for decades and is the wife of cultivation expert Ed Rosenthal. Together with her husband, Klein has published over a dozen books providing educational material about growing cannabis. Through this journey, she faced steep odds, long before the plant was socially acceptable, and often had to get strategic as a publisher to avoid attracting law enforcement. Recently Klein and Rosenthal launched their own line of genetics donating a portion of the proceeds to Last Prisoner Project, which aims to free cannabis prisoners. California NORML Deputy Director Ellen Komp has been on the frontlines of cannabis reform since 1991, five years before the first statewide medical cannabis bill. In 1993, she volunteered to petition for the California Hemp Initiative, then volunteered the next year as well, and helped successfully petition for Proposition 215 at the statewide level in 1995. In the years since, Komp has been a regular political commentator for High Times regarding California legislation. She edited the ninth edition of The Emperor Wears No Clothes by Jack Herer, launched the blog Tokin’ Women, and is author of Tokin’ Women: A 4,000-Year Herstory (2016). Alice O’Leary Randall was arrested in 1975 along with her late husband Robert Randall for growing cannabis. She helped to launch the U.S. medical cannabis movement the next year in 1976, when Robert Randall became the first to gain federal permission to use medical cannabis legally before statewide laws were in the books. Alice O’Leary Randall was a nurse for 10 years, six in hospice care, and returned to the medical cannabis movement after her retirement in 2012. She worked with Mary’s Medicinals for about five years, writing the brand’s medical cannabis primer, and co-wrote Medical Marijuana in America: Memoir of a Pioneer (2015) and Pain-Free with CBD (2019). Attorney Shaleen Title works tirelessly to guide people in staying legally compliant in the industry. She served as a regulator and commissioner of the Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission from 2017 to 2020 where she refined her knowledge of legal compliance. Recently, she authored peer-reviewed articles focusing on the cannabis marketplace including Fair and Square: How to Effectively Incorporate Social Equity Into Cannabis Laws and Regulations (2022) and Bigger is Not Better: Preventing Monopolies in the National Cannabis Market (2022).

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New Report Shows 89% of Fentanyl Labs Raided in Mexico Were Already Inactive

A Reuters investigation found that raids on suspected fentanyl labs by the Mexican government have almost exclusively targeted inactive labs. Pressure from the United States on Mexico to curb the massive flow of fentanyl coming into our country from theirs has led to a dramatic increase in raids on labs suspected of producing the powerful opioid responsible for the 73,000 some odd overdose deaths of American citizens in 2022 alone. However, it has recently come to light that at least 95% of the raids conducted between January and August of this year were on labs that had already shut down production, according to Reuters. Data obtained through a freedom of information request submitted to SEDENA, the Mexican Defense Ministry showed that in 2023, Mexican military units performed 503 raids on inactive labs and 24 raids on active labs. In 2022 the military raided 450 inactive labs and 42 active labs. In 2021, the numbers were 195 and 22 respectively, and 267-55 in 2020.  Between December, 2018 and August, 2023 89% of the raids conducted on Mexican fentanyl laboratories were performed on inactive labs.  Many have speculated this discrepancy in raid effectiveness has spurned from many sources, including the hands-off policies of President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador who took office in 2018. President Lopez Obrador has been vocal about trying to solve narcotics issues where they begin by addressing issues like poverty rather than the traditional game of narcotics whack-a-mole so to speak of aiming to take higher level cartel captains. The numbers, however, would also suggest that President Lopez Obrador’s administration has been inflating the data they share with the U.S. by only sharing the total number of raids conducted rather than including the context of how effective these raids have been, as was pointed out by Guillermo Valdes, Mexico’s civilian spy chief from 2007 to 2011. “SEDENA is ripping up its prestige by altering the figures. Who is going to believe them after this?” Valdes said to Reuters. Other possible causes for such ineffective raids could be the same problems that have plagued the country of Mexico for decades. Cartel superpowers buying off government, military and law enforcement officials to look the other way and killing those who oppose them certainly makes it difficult to conduct such high-risk operations. One ex-cartel member told Reuters the practice of giving up smaller labs with the understanding that the larger labs can continue business as usual has been commonplace long before fentanyl entered the picture. “The trade offs happened a lot,” said Margarito Flores, a former associate of notorious cocaine kingpin El Chapo who turned government informant in 2008, eight years before El Chapo’s capture.  Two active Sinaloan traffickers who refused to be identified for obvious reasons also told Reuters that these raids were often “for show,” as there were several Mexican military members sympathetic to cartel causes and/or on cartel payroll. Since this data was made available some U.S. lawmakers have accused Mexico of running a completely fictitious war on drugs. Republican Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA), co-chairman of the senate’s international narcotics control caucus told Reuters this data shows that our neighbors to the South are “fighting an imaginary war on drugs designed to score political points rather than save lives.” In October of this year, several banners appeared in Sinaloa appearing to ban fentanyl production in the area, though many wrote this off as a cartel tactic to relieve pressure on their organizations by the U.S. and Mexican governments.  “Attention. Due to the incessant disinformation of some media and the obvious omission of the government in not investigating and prosecuting the true culprits of this epidemic,” the banners said (in Spanish). “In Sinaloa, the sale, manufacture, transportation or any type of business that involves the substance known as fentanyl is strictly prohibited, including the sale of chemicals for its preparation. We have never been nor will we be related to that business. [Be warned of] the consequences. Att: Chapitos.” The recent data put forth by Reuters was capped in August of this year so it was not immediately clear whether these banners had any effect on fentanyl production, though the U.S. has certainly kept the pressure on Mexico to do something about the issue as President Biden and President Lopez Obrador just spoke on the phone Thursday concerning the need for more enforcement at the border. President Biden also visited the country in November to discuss similar issues.

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Despite Widespread Legalization, Fewer Young People Find it ‘Easy’ To Get Pot

The number of legal cannabis retailers has exploded in North America the last decade, but that hasn’t resulted in easier access for kids.  That is the takeaway from newly published survey data that examined perceptions of cannabis among youth in Canada. “Very little research has examined how perceptions of cannabis access among underage youth in Canada have changed since cannabis was legalized and since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, this paper examines the effect of the early and ongoing stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period on youth perceptions of cannabis access over time since the onset of the Cannabis Act in 2018 in a large sample of Canadian youth,” the researchers wrote in the introduction of the study, which was published this month in Archives of Public Health. The authors of the study said that they “used both repeat cross-sectional data [T1 (n = 38,890), T2 (n = 24,109), and T3 (n = 22,795)] to examine overall trends in perceptions of cannabis access, and sequential cohort longitudinal data [n = 4,677 students linked from T1 to T3] to examine the differential changes in perceptions of cannabis access among students over time.” “In the cross-sectional sample, the frequency of students reporting that cannabis was easy to access decreased by 26.7% from T1 (51.0%) to T3 (37.4%), although respondents who have used cannabis were more likely to report access was easy. In the longitudinal sample, perceptions of cannabis access being easy increased over time, especially among cannabis users. Perceived ease of access appears to have been slightly impeded during the initial pandemic period but rebounded during the ongoing pandemic period,” they wrote in their summary of the results. In conclusion, the researchers said that although “the prevalence of youth reporting that cannabis is easy to access has declined since legalization and throughout the early and ongoing pandemic periods, a substantial number of underage youth continue to report that cannabis is easy to access,” which they said suggests “that there is an ongoing need for continued cannabis control efforts to address this issue.” “While there has been a growing number of studies focused on examining changes in cannabis use among Canadian youth since the onset of the Cannabis Act, and more recently since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there appears to be a paucity of research dedicated to examining changes in youth perceptions of cannabis availability over the same period of time. In response, this study provides unique and novel evidence of how youth perceptions of cannabis access have changed since the onset of the Cannabis Act,” they said in their conclusion, as quoted by NORML, “Our data suggest that in our large samples of youth, perceptions of cannabis access as being easy has declined in prevalence since legalization and through the early and ongoing pandemic response period.” The Cannabis Act in 2018 made Canada just the second country to legalize marijuana, following Uruguay, which legalized pot in 2013. In the United States, legalization is a phenomenon that exists on the state and local level, as cannabis remains prohibited under federal law.  But in states where adult-use cannabis has been made legal, there has been a similar trend as the one identified in the Canadian study. A study last year found that recreational cannabis laws were not associated with a change in perception among marijuana among youth. In the study, which was published in the journal Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, the researchers “aimed to discover whether children in states with [recreational cannabis laws] had decreased perception of risk from cannabis compared with children in states with illicit cannabis,” noting that as “more states pass recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) for adults, there is concern that increasing (and state-sanctioned) cannabis acceptance will result in a reduced perception of risk of harm from cannabis among children.” The researchers said they “analyzed data from the multisite multistate Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study to determine how the perception of cannabis harm among children changes over time in states with and without [recreational cannabis laws].”  “Using multilevel modeling, we assessed survey responses from children longitudinally across 3 years, adjusting for state-, family-, and participant-level clustering and child-level factors, including demographics (sex, race, and socioeconomic status), religiosity, and trait impulsivity,” they said in their explanation of the methodology.  The researchers said that there “was no significant main effect of state [recreational cannabis laws] on perceived risk of cannabis use, and no differences in change over time by state [recreational cannabis laws], even after controlling for demographic factors and other risk (e.g., impulsivity) and protective (e.g., religiosity) factors.”  “This analysis indicates that state-level [recreational cannabis laws] are not associated with differential perception of cannabis risk among children, even after controlling for demographics, trait impulsivity, and religiosity,” they said. “Future studies could assess how perception of risk from cannabis changes as children and adolescents continue to mature in states with and without [recreational cannabis laws].”

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Florida Activists Withdraw Medical Cannabis Home Grow Initiative

The supporters of a proposed citizen’s initiative that would allow Florida medical marijuana patients to cultivate cannabis at home have ended their efforts to place the measure on the ballot for the 2024 general election. The home cultivation campaign withdrew its initiative petition late last month after failing to collect enough signatures to qualify for the ballot. Cannabis activist Moriah Barnhart founded the group Wise and Free in December 2022 to put the medical marijuana home cultivation initiative on the ballot. But she says that the process has been made more difficult by new restrictions and fees for proposed ballot initiatives put in place by Republican lawmakers in 2019. “The legislators keep making it harder for us to pass constitutional amendments so that giant conglomerates and large corporations are able to accomplish what they want, but we’re not,” Barnhart told the Miami New Times. Barnhart added that the campaign had difficulties recruiting enough volunteers to help the cause. Additionally, the initiative’s backers were only able to raise about $4,000, not nearly enough to pay the professionals and staff needed to collect and submit the nearly 900,000 signatures needed to place the home cultivation initiative on the ballot.  With administrative and accounting fees exceeding donations, Wise and Free Florida found itself in debt. Barnhart then made the difficult decision to withdraw the initiative petition, ending the effort for the 2024 election. “When we could foresee being charged for late petitions in the millions, I couldn’t risk being personally accountable for those fees — especially since donations weren’t coming in to match the expenditures, much less additional costs,” Barnhart said. “Now, billion-dollar companies and conglomerates are the only people who can have a say in Florida law,” she added. Barnhart began her cannabis activism after her daughter Dahlia was diagnosed with brain cancer 13 years ago. After being given little chance of survival, Dahlia’s quality of life improved with cannabis medication. Barnhart now says cannabis has kept her daughter alive. “She started on cannabis about six months into her treatment for aggressive brain cancer and she slept through the night for the first time in her entire life that first night,” remembered Barnhart, who co-founded the nonprofit Cannamoms in 2013 to educate people on the medical benefits of cannabis.  “She woke up hungry and thirsty the next morning. Most importantly, she quickly regained her enjoyment of life and her will to live,” she continued. “Within days, she started walking, talking, laughing, and playing again. I absolutely believe cannabis saved her life.” A separate initiative proposal to legalize adult-use cannabis that is supported by Trulieve, Florida’s largest medical marijuana provider, is currently being reviewed by the state Supreme Court. If the initiative passes judicial muster, it will appear on the ballot for next year’s general election. Barnhart says that she fears that if the recreational marijuana initiative is successful, Florida’s medical marijuana program will be harmed. She said if adult-use cannabis is legalized, dispensaries will likely prioritize high-THC products for recreational consumers who primarily want to get high. Barnhart is afraid that as a result, low-THC products and those with THC and CBD favored by many medical patients will no longer be available. Barnhart cited Oregon, Washington and California to back up her claim, noting that all three states legalized medical marijuana before recreational cannabis. Once recreational marijuana was also legalized, the number of products intended for use by medical marijuana patients decreased. But Barnhart noted that those states allow patients to grow cannabis at home, allowing them to cultivate the strains that are best suited for their needs. “We need botanical medicines to be as personalized as possible,” Barnhart said.  “Large corporations cannot accommodate that, and they are not going to lose money from small, vulnerable demographics of people who need personalized medicine and choose to grow their own cannabis,” she added. With the failure of the medical marijuana home cultivation citizen’s initiative, Barnhart says that she hopes a large company like Trulieve will support a new home cultivation initiative as a sign of goodwill for patients. Trulieve is the biggest supporter of the adult-use cannabis proposal and has donated nearly all of the $39.5 million the campaign has spent on the initiative drive. Steve Vancore, a spokesperson for Trulieve, said that support from the company for a future home cultivation initiative is a possibility. “The near-term focus for Trulieve is supporting passage and implementation of the Smart & Safe Florida initiative,” Vancore wrote in an email to the Miami New Times. But he added, “Trulieve has supported home-grow initiatives in Florida in the past and expects they will continue to do so in the future.”

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New Report Projects Global Recreational Cannabis Market To Nearly Double by 2027

A new report projects that the global recreational marijuana market will nearly double over the next four years, with legal sales of adult-use cannabis climbing to almost $50 billion per year by 2027. The report, from U.K.-based cannabis data, media and tech company Prohibition Partners, credits global momentum in cannabis reform and the opening of new recreational cannabis markets in Europe over the next three years as the prime drivers of the industry’s worldwide growth. “North America remains the global powerhouse of legal cannabis, with strong state-by-state growth, promising regulatory reform and international isolationism in the US, while Canada’s strong international presence but challenging domestic environment persists,” Prohibition Partners wrote in the introduction to the new Global Cannabis Report. “Europe continues to be a somewhat fragmented and heavily regulated business environment, seeing steady growth concentrated in key countries, incremental but important progress on adult-use legalization, and ongoing legal confusion over CBD.” The report, which was released last week, forecasts that global annual sales of recreational cannabis will total approximately $49.7 billion by 2027, nearly double the current $24.9 billion. The growth in recreational cannabis sales will be largely driven by continued policy reform in the United States and Europe. North America will remain the global leader in worldwide adult-use cannabis sales, according to the report’s projections. Canada legalized cannabis for adults in 2018 and now has about 3,000 retail cannabis shops across the country. Overall sales of cannabis in Canada currently approach CAD 6 billion (about $4.5 billion), with 93% of the total representing recreational cannabis sales and the remaining 7% coming from sales of medical marijuana. In the U.S., cannabis remains illegal at the federal level, but 24 states have legalized recreational marijuana and 38 states have legalized the medicinal use of cannabis. Legal sales of cannabis in the U.S. totaled about $26 billion in 2022, including $17 billion in recreational cannabis sales and almost $9 billion in sales of medical marijuana. Total sales in the U.S. are expected to reach $33 billion by 2027. When unregulated sales of weed are included in the total, the report pegs the entire U.S. cannabis market at approximately $100 billion on an annual basis.  In Europe, adult-use cannabis legalization is in its infancy, with Malta being the first country to legalize recreational marijuana, although only nonprofit cultivators and dispensers are currently allowed to operate in the Mediterranean island nation. Switzerland is currently conducting several recreational marijuana pilot programs, and the Netherlands has also pursued a research-based legalization plan. Germany is in the process of adopting an adult-use cannabis legalization plan, which could go into effect as early as next year. Other regions of the world are also included in the expansion of the global cannabis market. Countries in Latin America and Africa are slowly moving toward becoming sources of supply for the growing global industry while keeping access for patients limited. Oceania continues to be a hotspot for growth in both imports and exports. The Asian market, however, remains “virtually untapped,” according to the report, with Thailand and Japan cited as notable exceptions. Alex Khourdaji, senior analyst at Prohibition Partners and a co-author of the report, said that the worldwide cannabis industry made new strides over the past 12 months in both adult-use and medical markets and projected continued growth going into the new year. “2023 has been a challenging but progressive year for the global cannabis industry. In Europe, we saw the first legal recreational cannabis sales with the pilot projects in Switzerland and the first recreational cannabis controlled supply chain sales in the Netherlands, as well as progress with Germany’s adult-use framework,” Khourdaji wrote in an email to High Times. “Globally, medical cannabis patient numbers have also been increasing.” “In North America, the market continues to grow with US states such as Kentucky, Ohio and Minnesota opening their markets to either medical or recreational cannabis,” Khourdaji added. “We’ve also seen some progressive reform of cannabis policy globally, and advances in commercialization, setting solid foundations for a positive 2024 for the global cannabis industry.”

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Biden Pardons 11 People with Non-Violent Cannabis Convictions

On Dec. 22, President Joe Biden announced that he will be expanding his pardon initiative to include offenses that occurred on federal properties. “America was founded on the principle of equal justice under law. Elected officials on both sides of the aisle, faith leaders, civil rights advocates, and law enforcement leaders agree that our criminal justice system can and should reflect this core value that makes our communities safer and stronger,” Biden said in his statement. “That is why today I am announcing additional steps I am taking to make the promise of equal justice a reality.” This includes two actions: First, that Biden will commute the sentences of 11 people serving time for non-violent drug offenses. Second, Biden issued a proclamation that will pardon simple possession and cannabis consumption under federal and D.C. law. “Criminal records for marijuana use and possession have imposed needless barriers to employment, housing, and educational opportunities,” his statement continued. “Too many lives have been upended because of our failed approach to marijuana. It’s time that we right these wrongs.” While Biden has received many letters from state governors petitioning him to reschedule cannabis, he included a short statement asking governors to issue similar acts of clemency. As Biden concluded, he also made promises to continue these clemency actions to free more people from unjust cannabis sentences in the future. “I have exercised my clemency power more than any recent predecessor has at this point in their presidency,” Biden said. “And while today’s announcement marks important progress, my Administration will continue to review clemency petitions and deliver reforms that advance equal justice, address racial disparities, strengthen public safety, and enhance the wellbeing of all Americans.” Biden’s first pardons as president were in April 2022 during “Second Chance Month,” which include the pardons of three people, including Betty Jo Bogans, Abraham W. Bolden Sr., and Dexter Eugene Jackson, commuted sentences for 75 people. In October 2022, Biden made a historic announcement to pardon people with federal cannabis offenses. He said he would pardon those with simple cannabis possession, but also call on state governors to do the same, while also asking the Department of Health and Human Services and Attorney General to begin reviewing cannabis’ current schedule. Later that year in December 2022, he pardoned six more people, including Gary Parks Davis, Edward Lincoln De Coito III, Vincente Ray Flores, Beverly Ann Ibn-Tamas, Charlie Byrnes, and John Dix Nock III. NORML Executive Director Erik Altieri told High Times that at the time, Biden’s actions were long overdue. “For nearly two years, NORML has called upon the Administration to fulfill the President’s campaign promise to provide relief to those stigmatized with a low-level cannabis conviction,” Altieri said. “We are pleased that today President Biden is following through on this pledge and that he is also encouraging governors to take similar steps to ensure that the tens of millions of Americans with state-level convictions for past marijuana crimes can finally move forward with their lives.” In August, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services officially called upon the DEA to reclassify cannabis from a Schedule I drug to Schedule III following review. “Following the data and science, HHS has expeditiously responded to President Biden’s directive to HHS Secretary [Xavier Becerra] and provided its scheduling recommendation for marijuana to the DEA on August 29, 2023,” the letter to the DEA stated. The DEA has a five-factor test to reconsider a drug for rescheduling, and previously cannabis has failed with passing only four of the five points. The five points include: “1.) The drug’s chemistry must be known and reproducible, 2.) There must be adequate safety studies, 3.) There must be adequate and well-controlled studies proving efficacy, 4.) The drug must be accepted by qualified experts, and 5.) The scientific evidence must be widely available.” NORML was the first organization to file a petition to reschedule cannabis back in 1972. More than 10 years later in 1988, a DEA judge determined that cannabis didn’t meet the criteria for rescheduling. Later in 1990, a different judge set aside the ruling, but eventually in 1994, the original 1988 ruling was chosen in the decision. Later in 1995, NORML filed another rescheduling petition, which was denied in 2001. In 2002, another petition was filed, and the DEA denied it in 2011. That same year, a petition was filed by the governors of Rhode Island and Washington state, which was once again denied in 2016.  With a history of petition denial, NORML Deputy Director Paul Armentano recently spoke about the possibility of the DEA’s review outcome being different than previous attempts at rescheduling. “It will be very interesting to see how DEA responds to this recommendation, given the agency’s historic opposition to any potential change in cannabis’ categorization under federal law,” said Armentano. “Further, for decades, the agency has utilized its own five-factor criteria for assessing cannabis’ placement in the CSA—criteria that as recently as 2016, the agency claimed that cannabis failed to meet. Since the agency has final say over any rescheduling decision, it is safe to say that this process still remains far from over.”

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How Pot-Consuming Parents Address Weed Use at Home

Parents have a lot to worry about when it comes to their kids. I wouldn’t know because I only own a dog, but I hear it isn’t easy. Social media, school safety, mental health, tech overuse, and diets are all top parent concerns as we head into 2024. For some families, weed is another critical issue. The worry is particularly pressing for new parents, those who don’t consume, or those who are just getting back into weed themselves.  The concerns are warranted when considering cities like New York City and states like California struggle with unlicensed shops, many of whom aren’t selling the most reputable products. Additionally, health concerns surrounding underage use continue to be lab analyzed. While we don’t have all the data, conclusions so far suggest that early use could present long-term health issues, including less-than-ideal brain development and schizophrenia. In one study, researchers using statistical models concluded that 30% of schizophrenia cases in men aged 21-30 might have been prevented by averting cannabis use disorder. Such figures have been debated among different lab studies but still present a potential grave concern.  There’s much to learn about weed, even on a beginner’s level. The struggle is immense, especially for parents who want answers now. I saw this desire firsthand in 2023 while conducting two Q&A panels with New York City Council Member Shahana Hanif in Brooklyn. The biggest takeaway was clear: Parents have many questions about weed and few trustworthy sources to turn to.  Thankfully, weed is continually being normalized in several ways, including the media. Q&As featuring pot-friendly celebrity parents like Wiz Khalifa are normalizing frank, honest discussions about responsible use and how the plant fits into family life. To provide further insight, I spoke with several parents across the US to gather the varied takes on pot and parenting from everyday consumers, providing insights into the similarities and different approaches they have with pot education and normalization.  Most parents suggest open, honest discussions once kids become aware of their world and family dynamics. Instead of hiding in the shed or giving up the ganja, consider having frank conversations with your kids when the time feels right. Discuss how the plant fits into family life and how it isn’t for kids.  Mskindness B. Ramirez, the founder of the Southern California-based education platform Club Kindness, teaches her 13-year-old son and 11-year-old daughter that cannabis is part of their daily life.  “They know the rules around what’s safe and what’s not,” said Ramirez, adding her kids aren’t that interested in pot, attributing it to its availability.   Along with her husband, the family has integrated the plant into everyday life through storytelling and everyday use, including growing it next to the tomatoes in their garden and making CBD for their pets. Ramirez also penned the children’s cannabis education book, The Root Family’s Very Special Garden, based on her family’s experiences. Missy Fogarty, founder of New York State-based education and advocacy platform Pothead Parent, teaches her kids and other interested parents about plant benefits and risks.  “I think this is the best time to open up and give them all their options,” said Fogarty about educating kids. Along with her husband Derek, a military veteran, Fogarty has used cannabis since high school, crediting the plant with helping them through extreme periods of stress, anxiety, and trauma, including early birth struggles with both of their young sons.  Ramirez, Fogarty, and other parents say they normalize cannabis by treating it as a medical option. Casey Renteria, a mom and freelance cannabis media and content creator, said she’s shown her seven-year-old daughter her dispensary purchases, allowing her to smell the items. “I was very clear with her that it was my medicine, and I’ll gladly show her and answer all her questions, but it wasn’t something for her to play with,” she said. Renteria stated that her daughter lost interest after inspecting a handful of her mom’s purchases. “Using cannabis is as normal as coffee or food in my home,” she added.  Sabina Tashbayeva, a 30-something mom in New York State, started using cannabis to treat postpartum symptoms about 18 months after her now eight-year-old son was born. “I had a conversation recently with my son about plant medicine and why I use it, and when the time comes, he also will be able to consume it,” she said. Tashbayeva’s consumption has continued over the years, crediting the plant for helping her become a kinder and gentler parent.  Parents all reported doing the natural thing and avoiding smoking around their children. Other than that, responses varied regarding consumption habits. Several continue to smoke and vape weed, albeit outside or somewhere far removed from minors. Other parents did away with smoke and vapor, moving towards more discreet options.  “I try to smoke less to avoid questions about why I smell like a skunk,” said Jordan Isenstadt, senior vice president at pot firm Marino PR and father to an 11 and 7-year-old. “I also no longer have a collection of bongs or volcanoes. I try to keep it pretty simple these days,” he said, adding he now stores his weed in a locked compartment in the basement. For the most part, parents reported maintaining a similar consumption pattern now that they’re parents. However, some slight modifications occur over time. “If anything, I’d say the only real change is my morning wake and bake is delayed till I get home from dropping my boys off at school,” said Enrique Alvarado, creative director at Chronicle and a father of two in Colorado.  Parents were largely uniform in their responses regarding education and the normalization of safe consumption. Meanwhile, acceptable consumption ages varied. The law states that adults must be 21 or have a medical license to legally consume at a younger age as part of a medical program. Citing the law or select studies, including analyses finding that cannabis may impact brain development until 18 to 25 years old, many parents would prefer to see their kids stay away from weed.  “I’m here for the lab studies when it comes to things like inhalation, hot smoke, and developing brains,” said Ramirez. She predicted that despite the education, her son would likely try smoking at some point in his youth. Other parents echoed similar feelings. “I would prefer that my kids wait until they are 25 when their brains are fully developed for them to start consuming,” said Rob Mejia, a cannabis studies professor at New Jersey’s Stockton University and father of two sons in their early 20s. Mejia, president of community education brand Our Community Harvest, added, “But I’m a realist and know that chances were good they would try in high school or college.” Others indicated their approval of their kids starting sooner, with many hoping their children turn to their parents for additional education and help sourcing safe products. Some parents noted their stances would change if the law didn’t threaten parental rights and personal freedom. “If we were allowed to give cannabis to our children legally, I would be answering this question differently, but since the penalty for giving children cannabis without a prescription is 14 years in jail…” said Rev. Kelly Addison, founder of Canadian cannabis education platform KGL Network.  Several parents, including Renteria, say they give their kids cannabis for medical purposes. The Renteria household reports the kids have adhered to a strict CBD-only regimen for the past five years. “We use infused petroleum jelly on scrapes and topicals before bed when it’s been a rough day,” she said, adding that the family does not use inhalables.  The law has its protocols, which parents must adhere to or risk run-ins with Child Protective Services. Laws aside, every family has their own views on weed and how it fits into their home. The views of just a dozen or so parents shine a light on their similarities and differences regarding the subject. There is no one-size-fits-all response.  Like many parents have told me over the years, you try to do your best when raising a kid. Open conversations, exposure to responsible use and the overall normalization of the plant into everyday life are great places to educate your kids about pot best. Consider contacting the platforms mentioned in this article, or check out leading advocacy groups like NORML to connect with local and national groups of parents and plant advocates. 

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The 10 Best Things I’ve Watched This Year

It’s December, the month film critics share what they think are the best films they’ve watched this year. A quick scan of outlets like Variety, Indiewire, Roger Ebert.com, and Film Comment reveals a couple of common picks ranging from the popular and therefore obvious – Oppenheimer, Poor Things, Barbie, Asteroid City, Killers of the Flower Moon – to the truly independent and under the radar – like Pawo Choyning Dorji’s The Monk and the Gun. The Bhutanese filmmaker had received praise for his last film, Lunana: A Yak in the Classroom, about a yak in a classroom. Monk and the Gun is about a monk and a gun, and the American gun collector who wants to take it from him. My personal favorite this year was Monster, a new film from Hirokazu Koreeda, a Japanese director known for intimate, Ozu-esque stories about unusual families living in a highly homogenous society. You might have heard of his previous film, Shoplifters, which I believe was Japan’s Oscar-entry for the year it was released. Monster is about a single mother struggling with her son – a simple premise Koreeda explores to the fullest.  Also of note is Wim Wenders’ Perfect Days, another film from Japan, though not from a Japanese filmmaker. Wenders is best described as quiet and contemplative, with Perfect Days revolving around a man who cleans Tokyo’s public toilets for a living and is perfectly content with this.  For this list, I’m not going to focus on films and TV shows that graced this year’s highly exclusive film festivals. Not because they aren’t good, but because most of them are inaccessible. The following picks were released during various points in the past and, as a result, are available for viewing on YouTube, Netflix, Amazon Prime and MUBI – which is where I watched them.  This is a film by Brian De Palma, a prolific and fiercely original filmmaker hailing from a generation of prolific and fiercely original filmmakers who today is best known for making such culture-redefining films as Carrie and Scarface. A satire of the music industry that draws on classic texts like Goethe’s Faust, which is about a scholar selling his soul to the devil in exchange for beauty, pleasure and happiness, the film follows a self-serious pianist’s rivalry with the biggest producer of his day. It also has a killer soundtrack.  Growing up in a country without Cartoon Network, I did not watch any Adventure Time as a child and only got into it as an adult after aimlessly following the YouTube algorithm. The surreal visuals and plot make the original fun enough, but this HBO Max spinoff is on a whole different level. This is, in part, because it’s more geared towards adults and adolescents.  Do you remember Parasite? This 2003 film (at least, I think it was 2003) put South Korean director Bong Joon-ho on the map for cinephiles inside and outside his home country. The story – of three detectives with different but ultimately unsuccessful methodologies chasing a serial killer who goes after young women – is based on real events that dominated Korean news for a decade. Memories of Murder is engaging even for casual viewers, but it’s during attentive replays that its genius really shines. A group of young Japanese women with names and character traits reminiscent of the dwarfs from Snow White stay at a haunted countryside mansion that starts murdering them in the night. Technically House is a horror movie, but it’s really more of a comedy. With poor visual effects and awkward acting, it often comes across as one of those so-bad-that-it’s-good movies. Still, make no mistake: House was meticulously put together.  Available on Amazon Prime, it’s the second season to a show starring Top Gear and Grand Tour host Jeremy Clarkson. Though I love both car shows to bits, I didn’t expect to enjoy Clarkson’s Farm when it premiered, much less call it the superior show of the three. Aside from being incredibly funny, the show offers an informative look into the economic nightmare that is modern-day farming, a profession threatened by climate change and petty, incompetent bureaucracy. At some point during the year my YouTube feed filled up with people talking about how awful and disappointing the long-awaited second season to Clone High was. Struck by the strong emotional bond so many people appeared to have with this animated show I’d never heard of, I decided to check out the original and was positively surprised. Produced by the guys that went on to make shows like Scrubs and Into the Spiderverse, Clone High sucks you in with its premise – teenage replicas of famous historical figures attending high school – and keeps you hooked with its endearing character writing.  The most recent of all the entries on this list, Banshees of Inisherin came out in 2022. Set in a small town on a small island off the coast of Ireland, its plot is deceptively simplistic: a dim yet well-meaning man (played by Colin Farrell) goes to pick up his drinking buddy (played by the guy that played Mad-Eye Moody in the Harry Potter films) only for said buddy to tell him he doesn’t want to be friends anymore. Hidden underneath this script is an allegory about the Irish Civil War, but the surface-level dialogue is great as it is.  A common misconception about me is that I dislike Christmas. In reality, I don’t have any gripe with Christmas at all. It’s Christmas songs and, by extension, Christmas movies I cannot stand. There’s nothing inherently wrong with Mariah Carey or Home Alone, but seeing and hearing these things year after year after year just becomes so damn tiring and irritating. If you’re looking for a Christmas movie you probably haven’t seen before that’s also well-made, give Tokyo Godfathers a chance. It’s an animated movie by Satoshi Kon, a Japanese animator who, prior to his early death, could give Hayao Miyazaki a run for his money. It’s about three homeless people in Tokyo trying to return an abandoned baby to its family. 

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