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https://hightimes.com/

Keeping it 10

If you’ve been paying attention to the top-shelf landscape over the past few years, it seems the largest problem plaguing our industry today is consistency. Sure, you can pop off a new cultivar and make some noise for a little while, but maintaining the pressure is difficult, and very few players have managed to stay on top for even a season, let alone a full year. You need to have all your t’s crossed, and your i’s dotted, all the time. While there are more competitors joining the game every day, none can touch the bar that The Ten Co. keeps pushing higher. The Ten Co.—formerly Team 10 Extracts and the purveyors of the hyper-viral Zushi brand— have proven that maintaining relevance in this space isn’t impossible, it just takes hard work. And, given the tear Ten’s been on, the rest of the market should be taking notes. While both The Ten Co. and Zushi brands have been increasing in popularity and notoriety over the past few years, thanks primarily to the strength of Staks’s cultivar curation, in 2023 the brand exploded to a new height not just for themselves, but for the industry. Hosting two of arguably the biggest brand activations our culture has seen, in two of the biggest markets in America (New York City and Los Angeles), the brand has amassed such a demand that they’re now able to pop in to your city and make more money selling merch than most are able to selling their top shelf. Before we get into the details of what they’re doing, and where they’re headed, let’s go back to the beginning. Founded by Staks in 2011 (or ’12), Team Ten’s origin began far from California, all the way across the pond in Europe. A British-born Cypriot raised in a musical household in London, Staks was exposed to the ins and outs of the counterculture from a young age, thanks to his adjacency to the entertainment industry. “I’ve been in love with cannabis since I was probably 11 years old,” Staks explains. “Around 15 I set up an LED light in my boiler room cupboard. Mom found out and went crazy on me.” Through the time he spent writing music when he was young, he unintentionally honed an understanding of how the cannabis market worked, and developed a vast network of relationships with celebrities. “I had a huge passion for hash. Making isolate or bubble hash… I used to go to Amsterdam regularly—like every two to three weeks—and got involved in different techniques of hash production,” Staks says. “I was obviously very limited in London at the time, so that’s when I decided to move to Spain, back in 2012. This was when the BHO market was booming, we were really the first to bring that to the market. We were Team 10 Extracts back then.” He glazed over an important milestone there, before moving to Spain, Team 10 Extracts was officially founded, and had already begun winning awards. They are cited as hosting the first-ever infused dinner party in the U.K. Earning his first recognition before he left his home court, in total, the brand had received over two dozen accolades before the eventual move to the U.S., but we’ll get there. “The technique was the secret,” he says. “Once the technique was dialed in, we didn’t really think about branding that heavily back then. In Europe it’s more about the quality of the product rather than the brand, even to this day you’ll see the best weed unpackaged, unbranded. They don’t care about the bag and stuff, they want to see the product.” Gaining notoriety now, Staks eventually began to enter Team 10 Extracts into some of the largest competitions in the world. Eventually, in 2015 he signed up for the Secret Cup, which held events around the world as qualifiers, and then held a world-wide grand finale in California. “I entered this competition, against people who… were like idols to me because being from overseas I could only see these guys online… and we came in first place. It was mind-blowing to me. It was the Headbanger by Karma, still one of our favorites to this day,” he says proudly. “I always considered myself a connoisseur in the space, so this was very validating to me, but winning this competition got us placed in the finals in Los Angeles the next year. That was my first time coming over to the states.” This was around the end of 2015/start of 2016. “I flew out here and that was the first time I met Cali Kush Farms, through Karma, and they were kind enough to let me have some of their space to make some fire,” Staks says. “This was another huge, huge competition at the time. There was great names, great product in the competition. I thought I had no chance. And then we placed. We came in third place in LA. And I just remember my IG growing by like 20,000 in a week or two. I had made my mind up, I [was] moving to America to chase my dream.” In 2017 Staks officially moved to America, just in time for the rise of rosin and the crash of the BHO market. Recognizing the shifting landscape, Staks decided to shift things around in his new home. He dropped the “extract” from his brand’s name, and The Ten Co. became the core focus, a high-end flower brand that would allow him to focus on his first love. Shortly after he aligned with Gerry, a creative director originally from San Jose, and created what would become the foundations of Zushi. “Zushi is like a strain brand,” he says. “I made the logo myself, and I don’t consider myself a designer in any way. Prior to meeting Gerry my whole goal was to find the dopest guy in the game that can make the product sick… and the way we met, it was just crazy.” While Staks operates the flower side of the business, things took a, let’s call it “branded” turn, once he met Gerry. With a long history of creative expression and development, including a stint with the internationally celebrated World Star Hip Hop, Gerry has become something of the secret weapon in Ten’s arsenal. Before we get into his specific contributions to the company, here’s a bit more background on who he is. “I fell in love with design when I was young. At 5 years old I started drawing art and just always kept with it. Fast forward to when I was about 18 or 19, my uncle asked me to draw a T-shirt…” Gerry tells me. “I didn’t even know what vectoring was at the time, so I just went to Google and started looking. I found out about digital art, and through that I felt like, ‘Oh shit, I could actually spread art to the masses rather than just have one piece.’ So I took myself to YouTube school, and I learned all the software by myself… Illustrator first, then Photoshop, and just kind of combined the two. “I was posting on Instagram, and at the time I was big in the sneaker community. We would take pictures from our knees down, and I started doing that with cool captions that matched with like Jordans or Nikes. I started posting time lapses of my art, and then I got picked up by Worldstar Hip Hop. Q, the owner of Worldstar, found me before there was even DM’s. He wrote like on the comment ‘Yo email me at Q@worldstar and delete this right after.’” The relationship with Q opened a lot of doors for Gerry, and things took off quickly from there. Eventually, in 2019, a favor for a friend led to a fateful meeting. “My friends were selling this record, a Lil Baby and Gunna track…” Gerry says. “I met up with this person to actually get paid out for the tracks, and it was Staks. And he mentioned like, ‘Oh, I have Zushi, and I heard you’re a designer. We should link up and see what we can do.’ I just thought that the name was cool, and a million ideas started coming. “At the time I think I had seen what was already done, and I just tried to 2.0 it and not really give my take on what I would visually do. But when we rebranded the font… that was like the first thing I had on my iPad when we linked up again.” Staks notes that they both collect KAWS and Takashi Murakami who were big inspirations. “The bright colors, the vibrance. This cool, hip [look], no one had that in the space at that time, so we just started dialing characters and they just started coming to life,” Gerry says. “Blue was born first, and at first he looked way too cartoon-y. We’d both give feedback and we would be up until like two, three in the morning every night for like months. After a while we just started getting into a flow.” That flow created a cultural tsunami. “Being a part of hypebeast culture ourselves, we know what that can do once you attach the branding and the marketing with the great product. That’s what creates the whirlwind of greatness, you know?” Staks explains. “Gerry is a unique character, you know. Guys like him ain’t really that easy to come by. To lock in, and have full concentration on that project. That’s what he showed me, his loyalty to the brand, from the beginning, where he was turning down other work and we were just executing every single idea to a T.” Today the brand has five distinct characters within the Zushi-verse: Blue, Yellow, and Pink Zushi, Wasabi, and Zoy. Each has dedicated product lines, but also a seemingly endless merchandising potential. This potential is probably best visualized by the success of their Nozu launch. Comprised of the best batches they cultivate from each of their strains—the choice packs, if you will—The Ten Co. recently introduced the Nozu line, named in homage to Nobu, the popular high-end restaurant they frequent. “At the time we were getting specific batches that would come around and they would just stand out,” Staks says. Now while people would be lining up for access to the most premium packs a premium brand offers to begin with, the Nozu line came with a lot of bells and whistles. While by this point people had been dropping branded boxes with their products, they rarely went further than pretty cardboard and maybe a grinder. The first drop of Nozu arrived in the form of what looked like a to-go champagne bag from Nobu. It obviously didn’t have a bottle of champagne, but a Miron glass jar filled with an ounce of their highest end flower, as well as branded napkins, chopsticks, and a rolling sushi mat. It even had a Nozu receipt, and it commanded a $1,000 price tag. Next they released a surf and turf collectors box with packaging that looked like lobster tails and steaks, and a jar of “truffle butter” rosin. Most recently they’ve taken Nozu on the road, and held merch pop-ups in both the New York and Los Angeles Zalympix events. “With Nozu—well with everything, but specifically Nozu—it was bigger than just throwing in some cute extras,” Gerry says. “We’re creating ecosystems within the brands. We’re building worlds, lifestyles. It’s deeper than just unique packaging. We brought in sushi rolling chefs…It’s been in the works for I would say like two years. We had to perfect it just how Staks perfects the flower, the same thing had to go for the apparel. Printing those characters is super difficult. There’s tons and tons of colors. We must have tried like five different manufacturers. It just wasn’t it, and then recently we finally felt like, ‘OK, now it’s time.’” “We’re creating a storyline, and it’s started coming to life,” Staks says. This demand is probably best expressed by their first Blue Zushi rosin launch, which included just 76 jars, and saw a market that was willing to pay $500 a gram. So willing, in fact, that it was nearly impossible to find, and I’ve seen people taking their jars around the world, popping up online from Japan to Barcelona, despite it being released in Los Angeles. “We’ve been talking about dropping Zushi rosin like, forever, and just never got around to it. I think the anticipation made it special,” Staks says. “Massive thanks to West Coast Alchemy, they did a great job. Thanks to Bobby Trill, that’s my homie.” Today the future’s bright for the entire Ten enterprise. With a new solventless line coming, along with the debut of their 10Pen, a proprietary vape they have been developing, the brand is actively pursuing new business areas, while doubling down on what they do best. Not only that, but for all those who missed the pop-ups, a worldwide merchandise release will be dropping online in time for the holiday season. “Everything is pretty much under one roof at the moment,” Staks says. “We don’t really have any partners. I have the team now, pretty much built from the moment I got here, so everything’s in house, single source. We just ran a 200-, 250-seed hunt of seeds I’ve been collecting over the last maybe 10-15 years that I brought over with me from Europe. We’ve just got those in rotation now, so we’ll be going through selection [soon].” If their past is any indicator, this wave won’t break anytime soon. It hasn’t even hit its crest yet. This article was originally published in the December 2023 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

Cosmic Potency

Wendy Baker, founder of Space Gem, celebrated a decade of making edibles in 2023—a monumental achievement that stems from a lifetime of appreciation for cannabis culture, and a commitment to working exclusively with Humboldt County ice water hash. Her products have won multiple awards at cannabis competitions, including the Humboldt County Cup and the High Times Central Valley Cannabis Cup, but most recently took home two first place trophies at the 19th annual Emerald Cup in May 2023. From Spacedrops gummies to Mind Expanding Belts, Gem Guice beverage enhancer, and Cosmic Tincture, Baker has put her edibles out into the universe, designed to uplift and inspire. The edibles only use organic coloring and flavors, are free of chemicals or solvents, and are made in Humboldt County, California. Baker grew up in Chicago, Illinois, but moved to Humboldt County when she was 21, drawn to the region’s rich cannabis culture and lifestyle. Initially she worked as an indoor cultivator but decided to enter the edibles market in 2013. “You know, I saw the market changing for growers and, being a woman selling weed, I wanted to create a product,” Baker says. “I love edibles and I went to all these candy classes and I learned how to make candy.” Baker knew that she wanted to showcase the exceptional quality of Humboldt-grown cannabis in an edible that is both delicious and also made with ingredients she could stand behind. Originally she used butane hash oil (BHO) to make Space Gem products but decided that ice water hash made the most sense. “I don’t know about those chemicals [in BHO]. And I don’t want that on my conscience at all. I just felt better if I just used ice water hash,” she says. Making BHO requires using a chemical solvent, in this case butane, to strip the cannabinoids and terpenes from plant matter. In order to prevent chemicals from lingering in the extract, the BHO must be purged in order to remove traces of the solvent. Ice water hash, on the other hand, is a solventless method of extraction that uses only ice, water, and cannabis. The cannabis plant matter is mixed with ice and water, which freezes the trichome heads, making them more brittle and allowing them to more easily detach or break off into the water. After being gently stirred and sifted through numerous bags with varying sizes of small holes (measured in microns), the final product is full-spectrum ice water hash. While there are many other different methods of both solvent and solventless extraction, Baker prefers ice water hash for the best effects. “I feel like the different high, there’s like so many levels to it,” she explains. “And you’re getting like the full cannabinoid profile of the flower and you’re working with that, rather than stripping the plant of just what you need, you know?” She’s also proud to use ice water hash made from Humboldt County-grown cannabis. “Our hash comes from Humboldt,” Baker says. “I like to work with people who grow really good flower. And it all has to be processed here in Humboldt, too, because we have a Humboldt sticker on our product. So all of our products have to be made here in Humboldt and come from Humboldt.” Space Gem’s gummies, called Spacedrops, contain a collection of 10 gummies nestled together in a tin package and contain a random assortment of the brand’s 23 rotating flavors. The gummies are offered separately as sweet or sour varieties (10 mg THC per gummy), and also a CBD variety (5 mg CBD and 5 mg THC). They’re all made with organic food coloring, but the flavors in each tin vary widely—no two tins contain exactly the same assortment. Baker shares that she is particularly fond of the fig flavor but ultimately loves all of the fruity tastes she’s developed. “It’s a rainbow of deliciousness in your mouth,” she says. “And, you know, I just couldn’t pick. I can’t pick. I love them all. I love fruit. And I just thought like, if I just do the same thing over and over again, that’s so boring.” In addition to Spacedrops, Space Gem also offers a single-flavor Mind Expanding Belts, available in sour apple, sour watermelon, sweet sleepy fig, and sweet wildberry. Space Gem’s Gem Guice is a beverage enhancer that contains 100 mg of THC per bottle and comes in either grape or passion fruit flavors. The brand’s Cosmic Tincture contains of 600 mg THC per bottle and comes in blackberry, strawberry, and mango. On the back of each Spacedrops tin is the brief, uplifting message: “May cause miracles.” Each package also includes an inspirational quote on the inside of the lid. Baker explains that she and her team put a lot of effort and time into finding inspiring quotes—which come from a variety of famous people such as Dr. Seuss, author Matshona Dhliwayo, and musician Pharrell Williams—with the intention of brightening someone’s day. “You can make an impact on people, you know?” Baker says. “Sometimes the tiniest things can make someone smile or change their thoughts.” Reflecting on 10 years of success, Baker is proud and grateful for what she’s accomplished and how Space Gem has impacted people across California. “It’s pretty amazing how we grow up, and sometimes we just don’t think we’re good at anything. But I always was like, ‘Man, I’m good at this,’” Baker says. “You know? Self-confidence, believing in yourself, and just trying to make a difference, try to be an inspiration. People come up to me, you know, women, they’re like, ‘You are just picking up as a woman in the [cannabis] space.’ I’m so grateful to hear that because I want to inspire other people to be able to live what they want, [and achieve] their dreams, and their full potential.” This article was originally published in the December 2023 issue of High Times Magazine.

https://hightimes.com/

Bad Positioning: Failing from the Start

I’ve said numerous times across my articles and features here that the strength of your flower is the most important factor to succeeding in this industry, and while I still believe that to be true, it seems that some people have taken that to mean it’s the only thing that matters. I feel the need to clarify.  In today’s marketplace, while the strength of your flower will likely determine the size of your long-term customer base – that is, consumers who actually want to smoke your products regularly – 9 times out of 10 what’s actually making the initial sale for you is your brand’s marketing. It’s true that some brands are able to create that allure using only colored jars and stickers, but for the vast majority of the playing field that isn’t enough. What works in the trap doesn’t work in the shop, as they say. And it certainly doesn’t work for everyone. Now, I know everyone’s mad at the mylar wave, and no one is stoked about re-rocking the same old gear as something new and fresh, but the truth is, customers generally respond to newness, and they tend to like to buy the most sexy or flashy thing they can afford. That’s why those guys are doing it. But with all the opportunity before us today I think it’s foolish not to play the game in as big of a way as possible, and leaving out a detail  – like the way your product is displayed to potential buyers – is just no longer acceptable.  When we talk about the details that are being expressed to your potential consumers, it’s important to remember that this goes beyond just how your jar (or mylar) looks. It’s how you present the brand; how you talk about it, and how it makes them feel, are two big things they will remember. If it looks like everything else and there’s nothing discernibly special about it, especially in most of today’s chaotic retail environments, how are they supposed to choose yours versus the next guy? Let alone pay more for it… Often more important than look alone is how you’re positioning yourself. This can make all the difference in building the hype that drives a lot of this country’s major markets, and it’s often a major factor in determining how you want your actual branding to look. That’s why so many people are pushing the exclusive, or small batch thing right now. The harder it is get, presumably the more people who will be interested, and seemingly the less they have to try and *sell themselves* – but are they stopping to ask who is going to buy this high-end, low-effort project of theirs? Where you’re seen, and how, can make a big impact on your brand’s perceived quality. And it can often work against you. When I wrote Invisible Armies last fall, I highlighted what I consider to be some of the ideal consumers to target when positioning your brand, but perhaps I didn’t explain enough how different these audiences might be, and how what works positively for one may work against another. In an effort to help course correct and encourage some more thoughtful campaigns from those in our space, below are a few examples that, in my opinion, show how a marketing or positioning misstep tanked a brand’s chances for success before it even hit the streets. Hopefully learning the lessons that have cost others dearly will stop some of us from making them ourselves. You all know the definition of insanity, right? I think this is a good place to start. I’ve tried to write this as its own piece a few times, but I don’t write slams and I can’t help feeling like I’m dissing some good people in the process with this one, so let’s distill it down here instead. I want to say up front that I think many of the people that work at Monogram and the Parent Company are excellent people, and this isn’t most of their fault – it probably seemed like a sure thing, and I understand the desire to make an impact, but this one was a costly blunder.  We all remember the “Jay-Z’s getting into weed” story. He’s without question one of the greatest rappers-turned-businessmen of all time, I don’t think anyone’s contesting that, so undoubtedly it made a splash. But what does he know about weed, right? He doesn’t rap about it, we don’t ever see him smoking, surely he’s not a cultivator… so when the announcement came down that Jay-Z was starting a cannabis brand it was widely met with skepticism over adoption.  They probably thought they were launching another Ace of Spades. The packaging was gorgeous, the pricing was high, it was catered to the elite, but let’s think about this fundamentally for a second – to a real smoker, if Jay’s not a massive stoner, or cultivator, why do I want his weed? And if smokers don’t want it, why would someone who may actually understand the value of something high-end? Well here’s the part of the story you didn’t hear: Jay-Z was a face for this, and obviously part of the brains in the operation, but he was empowering real lifers. Their Head of Product, DeAndre Watson, has been in the game for years, and got to take advantage of a life-changing opportunity to partner with one of the largest music enterprises and entrepreneurs in the world to create something for himself, and the culture.  Now let me ask you, if the pitch had been “Jay-Z, the larger-than-life music mogul and entrepreneur, is empowering another black entrepreneur to create something out of the ashes of the War on Drugs that harmed so many communities and to take advantage of the multi-billion dollar opportunity now in front of him,” how differently would you have responded? I get that’s a mouthful, but it’s a vastly different story, isn’t it? One that suddenly you want to support. None of the details changed, but the way they were presented just *feels* better, no?  That’s the importance of positioning. How about something still fresh in everyone’s memory. We all saw this one. Snoop’s “giving up smoke”. Although generating many millions of eyeballs and capturing fans attention across the globe, those who have been around the block a few times instantly saw this for what it was: a marketing stunt. Many of us in the industry expected him to launch an edibles brand, or maybe a vape co if you were taking ‘smoke’ hyper-literally. I don’t think any of us expected it to be a fire pit.  Now let’s break this down. When Snoop talks about ‘giving up smoke’, absolutely no one expects him to be talking about second-hand from a fireplace. They expect him to be talking about weed. I mean no disrespect to the Doggfather with this, but in my best Kanye voice, WTF does Snoop know about fireplaces? This would have worked better as an actual air filter than it does as something virtually no one associates him with. By now the press has extensively covered the fact that the CEO of Solo Stove has been let go after this stunt didn’t perform the way the company had anticipated. Although surely getting the brand in front of tens of millions of potential consumers across the world, I wouldn’t say they left a great taste in most viewers mouths with that one. Plenty of notable people made themselves look foolish by jumping on the bandwagon of his ‘health concern’ before the full story had dropped, and I doubt any of them bought a fireplace, or talked any further about it, for that matter. So how did this help the company? Besides generating a ton of spray & pray impressions, it probably didn’t much. But it did cost them a ton of money to reach a largely different consumer than they were intending to. That doesn’t do much for the bottom line. Finally, we have probably the most common misstep I see across this industry, and that’s positioning yourself away from who you actually are. This presents itself in a ton of ways, like the new guys who act like they’re OG’s, Chads who are acting like gangsters, or the brands nobody has ever heard of who pretend they’re elite small batch cultivators because they’ve only got a few lights. We’ve seen appropriated cultural cornerstones and “master growers” who have never smoked. Often. I don’t want to specifically name check anyone with this one, but I’m sure we can all think of 2 or 3 brands immediately who use a term like “legacy brand” that’s definitely not, or who is trying to sell their work for insane rates because they just don’t produce very much of it, and not because it’s incredible. When you’re positioning yourself, understanding the audience you’re communicating with matters. One of the easiest ways to shoot yourself in the foot is to try and communicate something to one audience that it doesn’t understand, or that it rejects. For example, even talking about ounces that sell for over $1,000 is something a solid chunk of the market will outright disbelieve – which I don’t think they’re entirely wrong about but that’s a different story. The point is, your “selling points” can work against you if they’re not landing in the right spots. There’s a small percentage of smokers who want that unobtainable, and are willing to spend monumentally for it. Pitching something at those rates might appeal to them, but it’s going to price you out of a lot of the market. Do you want to look cool, or do you want to be a successful business? Or how about presenting like you’re some urban street brand on the rec market, while being run in a boardroom by ivy-league educated white guys with collared shirts? Respectfully, who do you think you’re talking to? It’s okay to make a brand for people like you: new consumers who are excited about the access and the less shady experience an Apple Store-esque dispensary provides. But do you really think you’re fooling the guys who have been here for decades? And even if you do initially, do you think they’ll come back for boof? Certainly not. But if you were targeting a consumer who didn’t actually know what was up, one you could develop, and grow with, I’m sure you’d have better results. Because not everyone is educated on the plant yet, and it’s okay to dip your feet in. You don’t have to pretend you’re something you’re not. I promise you it’s going to be easier to try and sell to yourself than it is some fictional character you’ve created in your head – you just know them better! Having said all that, I’m going to point out once more that while your pretty bag and good marketing campaign can and will make a sale, that doesn’t mean you can just put some bullshit into a bag and expect brand longevity – or any type of customer loyalty for that matter. Your actual product, and it’s effect, is what will bring a consumer back time after time. Marketing is a sales tool; it’s not a replacement for good product, but it’s also not an unimportant detail.  We’re living in a new world where soon weed’s going to be on the shelves of stores like 7-11. When you’ve gotta play against the big dogs, do you think you’ll stack up? Perhaps a better question is, have you ever seen the real titans of industry let up? Even the brands known across the globe spend handsomely on advertising annually to maintain their positions. What makes you think you’re any different? It’s not just having the best product, it’s having the best product *actually* in the people’s hands. There’s already a lot of options, and we’re just getting going. How are you going to make them choose you?  It starts with a solid foundation. 

https://hightimes.com/

New York Regulators To Vote on Proposed Weed Home Cultivation Rules

New York State cannabis regulators are set to vote on proposed rules to govern home marijuana cultivation. If the draft regulations are approved, New Yorkers will be permitted to grow up to 12 cannabis plants at home, subject to some conditions and limitations. The  New York Cannabis Control Board was initially scheduled to vote on adopting the proposed home weed cultivation rules at a meeting scheduled for Wednesday, January 25. However, the board postponed the meeting earlier this week and will instead take up the matter at a meeting next month. Once the board gives its approval, the draft language will undergo a 60-day public comment period before they are finalized. New York legislators legalized recreational cannabis with the passage of the Marihuana Regulation and Tax Act (MRTA) in 2021. The legislation approved home cannabis cultivation by adults, but enacting those provisions was delayed while the Office of Cannabis Management drafted regulations to govern home growing. Under the proposed home cultivation rules, New Yorkers aged 21 and older will be permitted to grow up to twelve cannabis plants, including six immature plants. The rules also allow for up to six mature plants, which the regulations define as plants showing visible flowers.  Plants must be grown in a secure spot out of public view and inaccessible to those under 21. Adults are only permitted to grow at a single address, with the rules forbidding multiple cultivation sites operated by the same individual. Amateur pot growers will be able to obtain cannabis seeds from any source. Weed plants, however, will only be legally available for sale in New York from cannabis retailers with nursery licenses. Home growers will be allowed to possess up to five pounds of trimmed weed from their plants, a hefty increase in the normal three-ounce limit on pot possession in New York. Cultivators are permitted to gift cannabis to other adults, but unlicensed sales of marijuana are prohibited by state law. Under the draft home cultivation rules, property owners and co-op boards are not allowed to prohibit the possession or home cultivation of cannabis. They may, however, adopt rules that require odor mitigation measures to be put in place by home growers. Not all New Yorkers will gain the right to grow cannabis at home, however. Home cultivation will not be permitted for residents of buildings operated by the New York City Housing Authority and other federally subsidized housing because of the continued illegality of marijuana at the federal level. The coming rules for home weed cultivation in New York were applauded by groups including the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). “Adults should have the legal option to home-cultivate their own cannabis as an alternative to purchasing it from licensed retail producers,” the cannabis policy reform group wrote in a statement on Thursday. “This option is especially important for those who may not be able to consistently afford retail cannabis products, or who do not reside in close proximity to these outlets. State regulations governing the alcohol market permit adults the option to legally brew non-commercial quantities of their own alcohol, and it is consistent with this policy to similarly permit home cultivation.” The home cultivation rules will give those frustrated with the slow pace of licensed dispensary openings a way to grow their own weed. Although the state’s first regulated pot shop opened in the closing days of 2022, a total of only 53 licensed retailers have opened statewide, including 23 in the Big Apple, according to the New York Post. Melissa Moore, of the Drug Policy Alliance, said the upcoming vote on the rules is a positive development for New Yorkers. “It would just mean that people don’t necessarily have to go through consumer experience where they’re trying to find a dispensary, which has been quite a challenge as the state has been grappling with multiple lawsuits that have really delayed the rollout,” Moore said in a statement to Fox 5 television news.

https://hightimes.com/

Study: Microdosing Psilocybin May Help Treat Compulsive Behaviors, Anhedonia

Microdosing, a once somewhat niche practice, is slowly gaining momentum in the mainstream as the psychedelic renaissance continues to take shape. It’s often associated with psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin, involving a regular dose of very small amounts of a substance to reap the benefits without the effects of a standard dose that may interfere with daily life. As research around psychedelics as a whole continues to expand, so too does the research surrounding microdosing. A recent study from researchers at the University of Denmark looked at psilocybin, or the compound in magic mushrooms, and microdosing in rats.  Ultimately the study, published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, found that microdosing psilocybin could offer a number of therapeutic benefits, specifically reducing stress-induced compulsive behaviors and anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure, interest or enjoyment in life experiences. It’s no secret by now that psilocybin has been scientifically shown to carry potential in treating a number of mental health symptoms and conditions, some of which are considered treatment resistant under traditional medicine.  In the study abstract, researchers note that low-dose psychedelic use is still a lesser explored topic, especially as it pertains to its therapeutic potential — most psychedelic-assisted therapies being explored today involve larger doses with prominent effects. They also note the anecdotal evidence around the wellness benefits of microdosing psilocybin, though they say these accounts tend to be “highly biased and vulnerable to placebo effects.” To examine the effects of psilocybin microdosing, researchers housed 78 Long Evan rats in a number of experimental setups along with a proper “microdose” fit for rat brains. For the study, a dose occupying less than 20% of the rats’ 5-HT2A serotonin receptors in the brain without inducing overt behavioral changes was considered a microdose. Researchers administered a microdose on rats every other day for 24 days, examining their behaviors including anxiety levels, reaction to stress and compulsive actions in familiar and novel environments. The study found that microdosed rats in controlled studies did not exhibit increased anxiety or symptoms related to schizophrenia, and they also showed a reduction in compulsive self-grooming behavior. Researchers said this suggested a possible impact on stress-related or compulsive behaviors. Researchers also noticed similar results for rats in new environments, showing no significant increase in anxiety. Relating to stress-based anhedonia, researchers also noted that microdosed rats maintained a preference for sucrose, which showed that they hadn’t lost the ability to feel pleasure. The study also noted a lack of behavioral desensitization to psilocybin, meaning that rats’ responses to the substance was consistent over the treatment period. This is especially relevant as it relates to humans and microdosing long term for therapeutic reasons. The study also showed the microdosed rats had an increased 5-HT7 receptor expression and synaptic vesicle protein 2A levels in the brain. Researchers said this could indicate that microdosing created changes in synaptic connections and receptor expressions, meaning that low-dose psilocybin was potentially responsible for these behavioral shifts. Like any study, this one was not without its limitations. Rats are commonly used in studies as a lens to understand humans, though it’s difficult to determine how some of these findings may translate to human brains and behaviors in actuality. While the study did show a consistent response to microdosing over the research period, there’s also a remaining question surrounding a long-term psilocybin microdosing regimen and how long the effects of psilocybin would remain consistent in humans over months or even years. “These results establish a well-validated regimen for further experiments probing the effects of repeated low doses of psilocybin,” researchers said. “Results further substantiate anecdotal reports of the benefits of psilocybin microdosing as a therapeutic intervention, while pointing to a possible physiological mechanism.”

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Trump’s White House Pharmacy Had a Bit of a Pill Problem

A lengthy new report from the Department of Defense found that during Trump’s administration, the White House Medical Unit was mishandling dangerous prescription drugs. The 80-page document released on January 8 detailed inappropriate mishandling of pharmaceuticals and their respective prescribing practices. The investigation into this matter began in 2018 after the Inspector General of the Department of Defense received complaints which included shoddy record keeping, overuse of brand name medications instead of cheaper generic alternatives, mishandling of medications such as one person picking up a prescription for another and so on.  “Without oversight from qualified pharmacy staff, the White House Medical Unit’s pharmaceutical management practices may have been subject to prescribing errors and inadequate medication management, increasing the risk to the health and safety of patients treated within the unit. Additionally, the White House Medical Unit’s pharmaceutical management practices ineffectively used DoD funds by obtaining brand‑name medications instead of generic equivalents and increased the risk for the diversion of controlled substances,” the report said. Over 120 officials were interviewed during the course of the investigation. Several witnesses gave testimony to the Department of Defense in the course of this investigation, almost all of whom described a very laissez faire environment compared to most pharmacies, or most fast food restaurants for that matter, which have all been under immense pressure from the DEA to crack down on mishandling of controlled substance. Most anyone who has tried to fill a prescription for opioid painkillers or stimulants like Adderall in the last five years can attest to this.  “Anything that took place at the White House Clinic was never written down, never recorded. [However,] the only record that you ever had that a patient came in and got any sort of medication would have been if it was a controlled substance that we were required to document for the pharmacy. But if you came in and got any other prescription medication that wasn’t classified as a controlled substance there would be no record that you came in and did anything,” one witness told the Department of Defense, while another said that it was common practice to make “go-bags” of drugs like Ambien and Provigil for White House staffers before overseas trips. In addition to mishandling of medications, the investigation found that taxpayers have been footing the bill for egregious overuse of brand name medications in lieu of their generic alternatives. Between 2017 and 2019, for instance, the White House spent $46,500 for Ambien and $98,000 for Provigil, which are 174 and 55 times more expensive, respectively, than their generic alternatives. Medical services including prescribing of controlled substances were also found to have been administered to ineligible White House staffers, on an average of six to 20 times a week according to the report.  “We found that the White House Medical Unit provided a wide range of health care and pharmaceutical services to ineligible White House staff in violation of Federal law and regulation and DoD policy. Additionally, the White House Medical Unit dispensed prescription medications, including controlled substances, to ineligible White House staff,” the report said. “We concluded that all phases of the White House Medical Unit’s pharmacy operations had severe and systemic problems due to the unit’s reliance on ineffective internal controls to ensure compliance with pharmacy safety standards,” the report said. The Department of Defense report concluded that more stringent and robust policies to prevent such issues in the future, which included establishing stricter controls for how controlled substances are prescribed and distributed as well as establishing stricter controls for who is eligible for White House medical care and who is not. “We recommend that the Director of the Defense Health Agency, in coordination with the White House Medical Unit Director, develop policy and procedures to manage controlled and non‑controlled medications, including, at a minimum, procurement, storage and inventory, prescribing and dispensing, and disposal,” the report said. “We recommend that the Director of the Defense Health Agency, in coordination with the White House Medical Unit Director, establish controls for White House patient eligibility within the Military Health System.” The complete report from the Inspector General can be found here. 

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‘Peyote Crisis’ Threatens Sacred Native American Ceremonies

Native American and preservationist advocates are sounding the alarm about an imminent “peyote crisis.” The crisis started decades ago, but recently has been amplified by pharmaceutical interests in mescaline, the psychoactive compound the cactus is known for. The mescaline-rich spineless cactus, Lophophora williamsii, has been used in sacred rituals for over 5,000 years by American indigenous cultures, but through careless harvesting by recreational users, or worse, mass produced pharmaceutical companies, all of that could soon be lost. In the U.S. the cactus only grows wild in Texas—where it’s been declared an endangered species—as well as Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas in northern Mexico. The cactus is currently being monetized for either pharmaceutical or recreational use, and indigenous groups like the Native American Church (NAC) are concerned that the sacred plant is being exploited. In the December 1977 issue of High Times, journalist J. F. Burke wrote about his journey with peyote that started in 1957, one of the first in-depth articles about the plant, just as the federal government was making exemptions for a short list of Native Americans. Since then, a lot of hippies, psychonauts, and wannabe shamans have scoured the earth looking for ways to find it. The American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 (42 U.S.C. § 1996.) protects the rights of Native Americans to exercise their traditional religions–including psychedelic sacraments. On Dec. 22, 1981, the Department of Justice reiterated the DEA’s peyote exemption for the NAC, but only bona fide members of the church are included. Only allowing that single church was challenged in 1994 under Peyote Way Church of God, Inc. v. Thornburgh and Congress amended the American Indian Religious Freedom Act to legalize peyote use by all members of Native American tribes. Vice reported last September Canada-based Lophos Pharma, a publicly-traded company, started to produce the psychoactive cactus for pharmaceutical, not spiritual purposes. Lophos runs a 10,000-square foot facility in Napanee, Ontario. Mescaline itself is illegal under Schedule III of the Canadian drug act, peyote is permitted, so long as the mescaline isn’t extracted from it. But some say even medical purposes are not the way the cactus should be consumed, as it’s considered sacred. Colorado-based journalist Annette McGivney has recently been advocating for the preservation of peyote and the sacred ceremonies that surround it. McGivney told KJZZ that she visited with the two camps of people: “One is, you know, the plant medicine activists and then the pharmaceutical entrepreneurs, so the plant medicine activists had two different responses,” she said. “One was they were totally oblivious to the Native American worldview and why it would not be OK with them for someone to just grow a peyote cactus in their home greenhouse. They had no idea or they were coming up with their own justification saying, ‘Well, it’s not interfering with Native American spirituality because we’re growing the cactus ourselves. So we’re not taking it away from its natural habitat.’ And they kind of come up with their own justification, ignoring what Native Americans were actually saying, that that was a problem.” Companies like Lophos Pharma, which is growing peyote legally in Canada, as well as researchers in the U.S. are also a threat to the sanctity Native American religious ceremonies. “And then the pharmaceutical industry has their own justifications about why they’re not infringing on Native American spirituality, which is they’re using synthetic mescaline. So they’re creating chemical compounds in a lab that clone the cactus, the psychoactive substance. So they’re saying that’s OK because we’re not actually using the cactus, but for Native Americans and their worldview around interconnectedness and respecting the sovereignty of plants as well as humans. They say it’s not OK to clone our sacred cactus.” Last month McGivney also wrote for The Guardian about the same issue. In Window Rock, Arizona, members of the Navajo Nation, called the Diné partake of azeé (peyote). “How would Christians feel if Jesus Christ was cloned?” Justin Jones, a Diné peyote practitioner and legal counsel for the NAC asked The Guardian. “And while the real Jesus is protected, people could do whatever they wanted to the clone.” The NAC is the same church Burke explored in the 1950’s. Other Native American healers and shamans echoed the same response, saying that cloning or mass-producing peyote is fundamentally wrong from their context. “I’m all for healing,” said Cora Maxx-Phillips, a social worker, member of the Navajo Nation human rights commission and board member of the Council of Peyote Way of Life Coalition, a Navajo Nation grassroots group. “But don’t do it at the expense of our people, who are trying to survive the multigenerational trauma inflicted upon us. Please, leave us alone.”

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Michigan Adult-Use, Medical Cannabis Sales Reach $3.06 Billion in 2023

New data from the Cannabis Regulatory Agency (CRA) in Michigan revealed that the state collected more than $3.06 billion in adult-use sales last year. Compared to the $2.3 billion in sales collected in Michigan in 2022, the most recent sales data shows 30% growth. According to Crain’s Detroit, that amount equates to $305 in cannabis products per person, compared to the $150 per capita in California (with a projected $5.9 billion in cannabis products sold in 2023), and approximately $290 in per capita spending in Colorado. The CRA also showed an increase in retailers as well, with a total of 750 dispensaries as of December 2023. “As we head into 2024, the CRA continues to focus on transparency and communication, working with stakeholders as the industry continues to grow,” CRA Director Brian Hanna said. “We’re committed to supporting Michigan’s cannabis licensees who currently employ over 35,000 employees, a 23% increase from December 2022.” Hanna took the position of director after former director Andrew Brisbo departed in September 2022. With a background in law enforcement, Hanna has implemented strict rule enforcement, such as fines for cannabis businesses that didn’t pay their annual fees but also for those who were not tracking and/or handling cannabis products properly. According to MLive.com, this helped curb black market sales and other related activity. MiCannaPros founder Harry Barash told MLive.com about the methods and results of the CRA. “They’re certainly making a lot of examples, and if you’re doing things that you shouldn’t be doing it’s only a matter of time before the CRA figures it out,” said Barash. “It certainly seems like they have more bodies and more enforcement now. The CRA has sent a strong message.” The news outlet sought out comment from an industry veteran, Eric Jacovetti, who has previously worked in cultivation and for a cannabis-related staffing company, but currently runs cannabis-related equipment rental. Jacovetti added that the CRA has only reached the tip of the iceberg, so to speak, in terms of uncovering black market operations. “Just the way the current system is set up, you’d have to go to facilities and be auditing sticker by sticker, batch by batch, and I just don’t see that happening,” said Jacovetti. “I don’t even know how they could do it, en masse. A lot of this is still self-policing and thankfully there’s not a lot of folks that don’t want to break the rules.” Despite the growth in sales, some believe that Michigan is reaching a cap soon. Prices in December 2019 when sales first began included $323 for one ounce of flower, but by December 2023, prices had dipped to $95 an ounce. Just in 2023 though, per ounce prices were lowest in January 2023 with $80.15 an ounce, and highest in July 2023 with $98.65 per ounce. After July, prices remained stable. NORML board member and Meds Café operations manager, Jamie Lowell, predicts that the more drastic price decreases in 2022 pushed away investors, leading to a decrease in supply in the near future. “We could be looking at a scenario in the future where there’s not as much inventory in the pipeline,” said Lowell. “A lot of people just backed off because of market saturation.” Michigan currently uses private labs for product testing, which is funded by cannabis producers, but some allegations claim that labs can potentially be changing product results to benefit business owners and not consumers. To counter this, the CRA is working on building a state-run testing lab that will verify test results and perform audits on those labs. The new lab will be built using $2.8 million from Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s 2024 budget, and is expected to open sometime this year. “I think it could definitely have an impact on the safety compliance portion of the business, which definitely needs some correction,” Barash commented about the state lab. “If that gets corrected, it could definitely impact pricing. Because if these results are artificial and we now see the true colors of these results, it will probably have a negative impact on prices, because it’s all based on THC.” Proof of corruption has been found in other parts of the industry as well. Last September, former legislator and head of the Michigan Marijuana Licensing Board and Marihuana Advisory Board, Rick Johnson, plead guilty to accepting $110,000 in cannabis-related bribes while in office between 2017-2019. “I am a corrupt politician,” he said in court, which followed with a sentence of 4.5 years in prison. U.S. Attorney Mark Totten told AP News that Johnson exploited the system. “Rick Johnson’s brazen corruption tainted an emerging industry, squandered the public’s trust and scorned a democracy that depends on the rule of law,” Totten said. However, other legislators continue to push to change the industry for the better, in some cases. In May 2023, legislators proposed a rule change to stop drug testing potential government employees for cannabis, which took place later in October. Michigan Civil Service Commissioner Nick Ciaramitaro said that it’s well past time that the rule was implemented. “Whether or not we agree with it or not is kind of beyond the point,” Ciaramitaro said. “Use of marijuana on the job is different than having used it months before you take the test … It doesn’t make sense to limit our ability to hire qualified people because they took a gummy two weeks ago.”

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CBD Can Significantly Lower Dogs’ Stress and Anxiety in Car Travel, Study Shows

Taking your dog to the vet or anywhere that involves moving vehicles is stressful. For you, let alone the poor pup. But your favorite plant, particularly CBD, could make the experience easier for them. And, yes, you’re allowed to have some, too.  Dogs who enjoy a daily dose of CBD see “significant reductions” in stress and anxiety related to car travel, according to a new study. Scientists at Waltham Petcare Science Institute in the United Kingdom looked at both the behavioral and physiological stress response in canines given CBD (THC-free cannabis) and a placebo group who did not ingest CBD. They studied the doggos before, during, and after car trips. For the study, researchers partnered with the pet food and vet company Mars Petcare. Twenty dogs participated in the study. And these weren’t dogs who jump at the chance to stick their head out the window of a car and eagerly wave their tongue into the wind. To qualify, they all showed symptoms of anxiety and stress regarding car trips. But when given CBD, in this case, two hours before the required drive, every man’s best friend given CBD showed “meaningful improvements” during the 24 weeks the study lasted.  How you may ask, did they level dogs’ stress levels? The researchers monitored cortisol levels, a steroid hormone produced and released by your adrenal glands, which are endocrine glands situated above your kidneys, associated with stress. They also looked at more obvious factors, such as how much they whined. The results suggest that these stress indicators “were significantly influenced by CBD administration,” the study says, “indicating daily dosing at 4 mg/kg may have a mild anxiolytic effect on dogs when traveling in a car.”  The placebo group’s stress levels also went down. In humans, the placebo effect can be extremely effective; if you believe you’re taking something, your brain often reacts as if this is the case. But dogs don’t understand (as far as we know) the implications of taking an agent such as CBD, so the study assumes that the lowering of anxiety in the placebo group is the result of dogs getting used to driving. But, before we assume that this is why those who did take CBD showed less stress, note that this group of dogs, on average, had lower levels of cortisol post-test than they did when the study began.  But the stress indicators, such as cortisol, didn’t go away completely. As a result, the study’s authors suggest that, just like for you, CBD is most effective in reducing anxiety in dogs as part of a comprehensive approach, noting that CBD is “best used in combination with other interventions, such as behavioral modification therapy, in order to fully alleviate canine stress…These results, combined with the established pharmacokinetics of CBD oil to reach peak levels at 1.5 to 2 hours, with a half-life of 1 to 4 hours, suggests CBD could be used efficaciously as a single dose treatment prior to acute stressors.” The researchers concluded that “Additional research is warranted to better understand the effect of CBD at other dosages on improving dog emotional wellbeing.” Enjoying the calming effect of CBD isn’t the only thing humans have in common with dogs. Just like with our brains and bodies, stress can be pretty detrimental to your pet. Anxious dogs experience a range of symptoms, from physiological changes like increased heart rate and suppressed digestion to behavioral shifts, including heightened reactivity or depression. Stress can also lead to digestive problems such as diarrhea and vomiting, peeing more often or with less control, and obsessive-like behaviors like pacing and overgrooming. Poor things! Stress in dogs can also lead to heightened aggression, demonstrated through growling or biting. Over time, a high level of stress starts to have a negative cumulative effect on your dog’s health, which is all the more reason for you both to keep calm and chill out with CBD. This certainly isn’t the only research showing that dogs can benefit from cannabis. One 2018 study suggests that CBD can reduce seizures in dogs, while another from the same year finds that it can alleviate arthritis pain, Marijuana Moment reports. However, the legalization is putting weed-sniffing police jobs out of work. But perhaps getting to retire early is also good for reducing their stress levels, so it’s another win for canines and cannabis. 

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Federal Judge Upholds Mississippi’s Ban on Weed Advertising

A federal judge has dismissed a lawsuit filed by a Mississippi medical marijuana dispensary owner challenging the state’s ban on cannabis advertising. In the legal action, Clarence Cocroft II, the owner of Tru Source Medical Cannabis, argued that Mississippi’s regulations prohibiting cannabis advertising in any media amounted to unconstitutional censorship of the industry. But U.S. District Judge Michael P. Mills disagreed with Cocroft and dismissed the lawsuit on Monday. In his ruling, Mills wrote that because the possession of marijuana remains illegal at the federal level, it is not a “lawful activity” that is protected by the U.S. Constitution like some other forms of commercial speech. Cocroft opened his dispensary in Olive Branch, Mississippi after the state legislature legalized medical marijuana in 2022. In his lawsuit, he argues that he has faced difficulty reaching potential customers because of the state’s ban on advertising by cannabis businesses.  The judge, however, said that overturning Mississippi’s ban on cannabis advertising would be a “drastic intrusion upon state sovereignty.” “This is particularly true considering the fact that, by legalizing marijuana to any degree, the Mississippi Legislature has gone further than Congress itself has been willing to go,” Mills wrote in his ruling, according to a report from the Associated Press. “In light of this fact, on what basis would a federal court tell the Mississippi Legislature that it was not entitled to dip its toe into the legalization of marijuana, but, instead, had to dive headfirst into it?” Cocroft is represented by the Institute for Justice, a nonprofit libertarian law firm. The lawsuit names the Mississippi Department of Health, Department of Revenue and Alcoholic Beverage Control Bureau as defendants in the legal action. In the suit, Corcroft maintains that Mississippi’s ban on cannabis advertising prevents him from reaching out to customers via television, radio or print ads. He is even forbidden from placing ads on billboards that he owns.  The judge ruled that the state cannot prohibit cannabis businesses from displaying products on their websites or from using “appropriate signs” on their businesses. The authority to enact other restrictions, however, lies with the state Health Department, which bans dispensaries from advertising or marketing “in any media.” Corcroft’s legal team says the ban amounts to unconstitutional censorship. “When Mississippi legalized medical marijuana, it relinquished its power to censor speech by medical marijuana businesses,” said Ari Bargil, an Institute for Justice attorney. “If a product is legal to sell, then it is legal to talk about selling it.” Corcroft’s suit argues that a current review of cannabis policy by the Biden administration and presidential pardons for low-level federal marijuana offenses constitute a de facto legalization of cannabis. But while the president has pardoned thousands of people who have been federally convicted of marijuana possession, cannabis remains illegal under federal law. As long as marijuana remains a federally controlled substance, the judge ruled, the states are free to pass laws that restrict advertising by cannabis businesses. “Plaintiffs thus argue that Congress and President Biden have ‘all but’ made the possession of marijuana lawful, which strikes this court as a tacit admission that it still remains illegal under federal law,” Mills wrote. In a statement released after the judge’s ruling and dismissal of the case, Corcroft said that Mississippi’s ban on cannabis advertising is a violation of the First Amendment rights of legal businesses. He added that he plans to appeal the judge’s ruling to the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. “I’m prepared to fight this fight for as long as it takes,” Cocroft said. “This case is bigger than me and my dispensary – it is about defending the right of everyone to truthfully advertise their legal business in the cannabis industry.” Although Mississippi’s regulated medical marijuana businesses still face the state’s ban on advertising, Brian Vicente, founding partner of the cannabis and psychedelics law firm Vicente LLP, noted that some states with similar policies have later modified the restrictions. “Mississippi’s marijuana laws are still new. In most states, we see advertising restrictions lessen over time as states realize that marijuana, including medical marijuana, is a legitimate product that is not only highly regulated but also legal and safe for sale in the state,” Vicente wrote in an email to High Times. “Mississippi needs to consider that, by severely restricting medical marijuana advertising, they are hurting their medical marijuana patients who need access to this important medication. These restrictions significantly impact patients’ accessibility to information about the program and their medication.”

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Delaware Bill Allowing ‘Human Composting’ Goes to Governor’s Desk

The Delaware state House legislature passed a bill on Tuesday that would allow people to have their bodies composted rather than buried or cremated. According to the Associated Press, the practice known as “natural organic reduction” was passed by a vote of 37-2 and now goes to Governor John Carney’s desk for ultimate authorization or denial.  This bill would not allow people to just toss their dead relatives on their backyard compost pile willy-nilly. The process would still have to be undertaken by licensed morticians and otherwise approved handlers of dead people so as not to create a very uncomfortable and smelly situation for neighbors and such.  The process of human composting, according to the Associated Press report, takes about 30 days or more depending on the process and is performed in a large tank where the body is mixed with wood chips, straw and other organic materials much like traditional compost of non-human materials. The mixture is exposed to warm air, turned periodically and after full decomposition it would be returned to the family of the deceased to be used in the garden, to plant trees, vegetables or whatever they please.  “At the time of laying in, our staff places the body into a composting vessel surrounded by a mixture of wood chips, alfalfa, and straw carefully calibrated for each individual,” said Recompose, a Washington-based human composting service on their website. “Much like the moment when a body is interred into the earth during a burial, the laying in represents a moment of transition. The vessel is closed and the transformation into soil begins.” Chief sponsor of the bill, Rep. Sean Lynn told the Associated Press that the practice is considered a “gentle, respectful, environmentally friendly death care option.” “Natural organic reduction is a sophisticated process that applies cutting-edge technology and engineering to accelerate the natural process of turning a body into soil,” Rep. Lynn said to the Associated Press. If the bill passes the governor’s desk, Delaware would become the eighth state to legalize human composting behind Washington, Colorado, Oregon, Vermont, California, New York and Nevada. Rep. Lynn said that soil testing in these states of compost made from human remains has shown the soil to be “high quality and regenerative.” This practice has been hailed by environmental activists as less energy-consuming than cremation and more environmentally friendly than other traditional burial methods, especially those that utilize chemicals like formaldehyde. The process also does not add to the need for more cemetery space, which a Georgia cemetery owner estimated to be over 1 million acres of land in the United States alone.  “My first reaction was: Why haven’t we done this before? It’s not really a new idea. It’s just new-ish that we’re applying it to humans.” said Jennifer DeBruyn, an environmental microbiology professor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville to CNBC in February of 2023. The language of the Delaware bill would preclude human remains from being used for composting should they contain any radioactive implants such as those used to treat cancer without the need for surgery. Remains confirmed to have certain infections such as Ebola or neurodegenerative disorders such as mad cow disease would also not be eligible under the law if passed. More specific regulations are slated to be developed over the next year if the bill is passed.  “We’ve got 29-year-olds in Miami signing up. Young people are going to teach us how to die better,” said Micah Truman to CNBC, CEO of Return Home, a Seattle-based human composting facility. One might think this process would be cheaper than traditional burial services but it can actually be a bit more expensive given the cost of materials. For instance, Recompose charges about $7,000 for their human composting services whereas the average cost of cremation in the same state is about $6,028 according to Choice Mutual. Burials do tend to cost a bit more in most states, however.  Seeing as how this is High Times, I would be remiss if I did not mention, in writing where my legal representatives can see it, that after I die I would like my body to be composted and used to grow cannabis plants, peyote cacti and psilocybin mushrooms.

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Hemp Seed Meal for Hens Gains Recommendation for Federal Approval

Things are changing fast regarding how hemp is tolerated in agriculture and farming. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s veterinary arm, the FDA-Center for Veterinary Medicine’s (FDA-CVM), is responsible for assuring that animal drugs and medicated feeds are safe and effective. Officials that determine approved chicken feed ingredients recommended hemp seed meal for hens, under a tentative FDA-CVM approval, as evidence mounts showing hemp seed is not only safe but beneficial for healthy hens and eggs. Hemp Feed Coalition (HFC)—a nonprofit that aims to federal approval for hemp grain products in animal feed—announced a “landmark achievement” with the tentative approval of Hemp Seed Meal (HSM) for Laying Hens at the recent Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) 2024 Mid-Year Meeting.  “Hemp’s entry into animal feed will catalyze agricultural advancement,” HFC President and COO of Bish Enterprises, Andrew Bish. “It’s an opportunity for farmers to diversify, to develop more sustainable supply chains, and to reap the benefits of a new crop.” The AAFCO guides state, federal and international feed regulators with ingredient definitions, label standards, and laboratory standards, and has done so for over 110 years. The AAFCO celebrated the recommendation for hemp seed feed during the first day of its Workshop & Board of Directors Meeting held on January 23-25 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. We already know that hemp seeds are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, healthy oils, and an impressive, high-quality protein profile. Now research confirms the nutritional value of hemp feed resembles that of soy and canola, and is believed to be safe. The data also shows the value of hemp seed is growing and could surpass typical feed sources. Specifically, researchers found that hemp-fed hens lay eggs enriched with essential fatty acids such as ALA, DHA, and GLA, and increased amounts of Lutein. They are all known to promote better human health. The safety of HSM has been validated after undergoing the FDA-CVM’s rigorous evaluation, and it will provide formulators and feed mills with the assurance they need that HSM is a safe and viable protein and fat source.  “Data to support this application included the validated method and quantification of cannabinoids in both the ingredient and egg product, and it was verified that any potential cannabinoid contaminants did not transfer over to human food products,” the HFC’s announcement reads. Federal officials are typically strict about any sort of medical claims on hemp products, including those intended for animals and livestock.  Keep in mind that just over a year ago in May 2022, the FDA sent out warning letters to four hemp-derived CBD companies that were selling hemp products marketed for animals. This will go before AAFCO’s Board and members for final approval, and then be adopted into the Official Publication later this year. This “historic milestone” took over three years to achieve and will allow processors to formulate with HSM in the diets of egg-laying hens as a source of protein and fat at an inclusion of no more than 20%. To see the ingredient definition in its entirety, visit the HFC’s website. Crops like hemp, that are new to the agricultural world, provide benefits to soil, disease control, and farm flexibility. Furthermore, hemp requires lower input needs, resulting in a more sustainable supply chain overall.  HFC shared their support for a more nutritious ingredient, reducing risk for farmers, and opening up the door to opportunities in the hemp market.  HFC members are proud to support these efforts and lay the groundwork for hemp grain products in feed across species. Visit the MemberZone page to access additional data and resources, and to learn more about the benefits of HSM for laying hens. Late last year, a bill to allow hemp seeds in animal feed in New York was stopped in its tracks. Two New York measures would allow for hemp seeds to be part of animal feed meant for pets, horses and camelids, like llamas and alpacas and got the green light from the state Assembly and Senate earlier this year.  In early December, Gov. Kathy Hochul (D) received the pair of bills, though she effectively stopped them in their tracks via veto, stating that there is a lack of information about using industrial hemp in this way and pushing for the state to study the topics in an “expeditious manner.” Specifically, the measures would have allowed industrial hemp seed to be added to animal feed that includes seed hulls and seed meal. The bills would not have allowed for hemp seeds and additives to expand to other commercial livestock, most likely because of regulatory complications surrounding certain ingredients for animals used for human consumption.

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79% of Canadians Support Psilocybin To Treat Existential Dread for End of Life Patients

A team of Canadian researchers recently published the results of their newest study in the medical journal Palliative Medicine. The study examined the social acceptability of using psilocybin as an end of life treatment, specifically to treat “existential dread.” According to study team leader Michel Dorval, who is a researcher at CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and also a Université Laval’s Faculty of Pharmacy professor, previous studies have established the potential benefits of psilocybin for medical use. “Studies have already shown that psilocybin, combined with psychotherapy, produces rapid, robust and lasting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in patients suffering from advanced cancer,” Dorval told Medical Xpress. “This substance can bring about a profound awareness that leads the patient to view existence from a different perspective. Treatment with psilocybin, combined with psychotherapy, can produce relief for up to six months.” The study was conducted between November 2022-December 2022 through an online survey with 2,800 Canadians, 1,000 of which lived in Québec, while 1,800 were from Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. Questions included: “Have you heard about the Special Access Program?”, “To what extent would you agree that healthcare professionals should be allowed to administer psilocybin without going through Health Canada?”, “Do you think psilocybin is a reasonable choice for a palliative care patient suffering from existential distress?”, “In your opinion, should the public health system cover the costs of psilocybin-assisted therapy?”, “To what extent do you support the legalization of psilocybin for medical purposes?” Participants were also asked to respond to hypothetical situations. Only 18.7% of participants said that they were aware of the government’s Special Access Program. Psilocybin sale, possession, and production is illegal in Canada, but as of January 2022, the government’s Special Access Program now allows doctors to request for limited access to certain illegal substances if they believe it could help a patient if other methods of treatment have failed. The results showed that 79.3% of participants see psilocybin use as “reasonable” for those approaching end of life. “Our results seem to indicate that the social acceptability of this intervention is high in the Canadian population,” Dorval explained. “If we consider only Québec respondents, the acceptability rate is similar to the national average.” Participant’s support was even stronger when considering the social acceptability of patients already underdoing palliative care, which Doval believes could be because they’ve seen someone go through it personally. “Having been close to loved ones at the end of life, or having witnessed their distress, could explain this openness to new approaches designed to help people at this stage of their life,” Doval stated. Additionally, 44.2% said that healthcare professionals should be able to prescribe psilocybin without going through the government first, 84.4% said Canada’s public health system should cover the costs of such treatment, and 63.3% said they “would welcome” legalizing medical psilocybin. Additionally, those who have tried psilocybin at some point in their life also showed increased support. “There are still many prejudices against psychedelic substances,” Doval concluded. “Familiarity with these substances probably helps to better understand their true effects as well as their therapeutic potential.” Researchers on this particular study explained that population-based surveys from elsewhere in Canada, as well as England and Australia, were conducted by interest groups or organizations rather than published in scientific journals. “The results obtained from this survey are timely in the wake of the growing worldwide interest towards psilocybin-assisted therapy,” researchers concluded. “The implications of using this type of intervention to alleviate the existential suffering of patients nearing the end of life are manifest, as evidenced by a recommendation made in February 2023 by the Canadian Special Joint Committee on Medical Assistance in Dying, calling for an improvement of access to this therapy, as part of palliative care supports.” Acceptability of psilocybin is prominent in the U.S. as well. The legal use of psilocybin in the state of Oregon began in January 2023, and as of December 2023, 715 people have sought out psilocybin centers for treatment. Earlier this month, the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs announced that it will be funding studies on psilocybin, as well as MDMA, to examine the effects that those substances have on veterans who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. A study published in Molecular Psychiatry recently explores how Zebrafish (a small fish in the minnow family) and how psilocybin affects them. Research from 2013 shows that humans share 70% of the same genes with Zebrafish, making them useful test subjects. Using machine tracking technology to monitor changes in swimming pattern behavior before and after psilocybin, the fish began to show both stimulatory and anxiolytic movements, or spontaneously exploring and displaying irregular swim patterns associated with stress. Previously in 2022, these researchers performed a similar study with Zebrafish and LSD as well and found evidence that LSD does not create withdrawal symptoms and isn’t addictive. In even stranger news, a genomic diversity study conducted by the University of Utah and Natural History Museum of Utah found evidence that “psilocybe” originated more than 65 million years ago, which is also the same time frame that an asteroid hit Earth and contributed to planetary mass extinction of dinosaurs.

https://hightimes.com/

A Day in the Life of a Weed Journalist

I’ve been freelancing for over a decade now. While it feels like a long time, it equally feels like a blur of events, achievements, and tons of busy days. In 2011, I started covering films, then moved into electronic music. In 2017, I parlayed my years-long love of getting high into freelance weed reporting, interviews, and other news endeavors. Along the way, I added freelance copywriting to help cover the bills and stretch my creative muscles.  Freelancing in weed and beyond has been a wild ride, one I’m glad to still be on despite its hardships. To keep up, my typical daily routine has evolved numerous times.  No matter the circumstances, every day I do my best to learn about my subject and convey it to my audience through news outlets, brands, or self-published content. When I was younger, I embodied the more classic journo approach, leaning into the breaking news model in particular. I woke early, hitting the news cycles—weed-specific and general news outlets—to find all the information on weed laws, business, culture, or otherwise. For additional perspectives, I turned to social media, in-person meetups, and industry events to get a pulse on the local and larger markets.  The pandemic necessitated a swift adaptation in my fact-finding, shifting from in-person interactions to more digital news gathering using popular news outlets, social media, online presentations, etc. I also relied on online introductions and cold outreach, via email and social media. After dealing with job insecurity in the early pandemic days, I began to do more copywriting to afford living in New York City. The move alleviated my financial worries associated with a journalism career. Around this time, I began to wake up later and steer clear of breaking news and the associated rush to drop the news first on social media. Kudos to those that do this, as it is an important role. But I find that type of work equally appealing as seeing a family member naked. Instead, I like using each day to plot, prep, and execute on days—or weeks—long brewing topics.  Anyone open to splitting time in news and copy should be aware: The increased workload does make writing much more intensive and time-consuming each day. Between writing, researching, outreach, and content creation, I was easily pulling 16 hour days for several days or weeks at a time. This hustle-culture approach may be the norm for some, and if that suits you, by all means, enjoy it. But that saying about all work and no play didn’t make me a dull boy; it made me a shit writer. I took on more than I could chew at times, resulting in a few subpar first drafts and even the occasional sent-back story. If you want to keep a good reputation in writing, avoid doing this. Still, I am proud of many projects during this period, notably Most Affected, a High Times series profiling individuals and families impacted by the ongoing drug war. Long-story short, don’t take on more than you can realistically pull off, even if the money is alluring.  On a lesser note, this era reminded me of the importance of the occasional morning bathroom hotbox sesh. It may sound reckless to productivity, but those tweaks reminded me of the importance of having fun during the day and how it can spark joy and creativity in even the darkest times.  Today, I continue to work a more relaxed beat. I find this approach allows me to get the rest I need and attack my articles and tasks at a pace suited to me. Each day is still packed, and I can easily pull 12-hour days if I push myself. But I consciously do my best to avoid overworking and possible burnout, even if that comes at the detriment of my career or standing in the industry.  This approach allows me to give my all to my work each day, no matter the assignment or task. I still have down days production-wise, but by managing my Google Calendar effectively, I’ve been able to largely stay on track, satisfy clients, and create work I’m proud of. While I still often take on a workload that is almost over max capacity, I manage it better and know when to say “no” to projects, regardless of the payday.  Each day, I gather my pitches, sources, and news online. I regularly speak with sources in media, politics, business, the general public, and elsewhere for leads and information. I read the news, gathering intel from weed media and general news. I rely significantly less on social media for news and just about anything other than a rush of dread to the system.  Interviewing is still my favorite thing to do. I wish I had more time each day but have to be mindful of my time, keeping aware of deadlines and other time-intensive tasks. Still, I can’t turn down a good conversation. For a recent High Times piece, I spent several weeks speaking to pot-consuming parents about weed and their kids. Once I have the details I need, I begin writing the article with a goal of wrapping up a draft in a day if possible. I’m a type-A personality if you haven’t caught on yet. I then edit the article and send it to my editors for review.  All the while, I’m researching new article topics, crossing off other business related tasks, and addressing personal life needs. I still make ends meet working in branding and copywriting, which makes me split my time between news and content marketing. As such, my byline appears less frequently than it did a few years ago. I wouldn’t say I like putting out less news, but after averaging 20-plus stories a month from 2019 to 2022, I’m content with taking my foot off that gas for a while.  The last few years have been 100% focused on weed. But with weed outlets shrinking and mainstream outlets hiring other writers, I’m looking beyond the plant for clients and publications. To garner some attention, I’ve recently turned to YouTube, where I’m trying out alternative creative news reporting through interviews, shorts, and long-form content.  The days are often a jumbled blur, but it’s an organized chaos that allows me to stay up on the news while covering some of the more pressing topics in and around weed. Coupled with the ongoing juggling tasks that include story production, interviews, finding new gigs, industry events, chasing down late payments, panels, pitching future stories, etc., freelance journos face a challenging daily list of to-dos. But, the rewards are no doubt sweet.  Every canceled assignment. Every rescheduled interview.  Every boof weed sample sent my way.  Every time I grind myself down to a stress migraine.  Every time I get called a shill by a rando on social media.  Every time a cannabis industry leader posts how “weed media is dead,” only for them to pitch themselves for a feature.  I’d do it all many times more. I’ve been to incredible places, interviewed countless interesting subjects, sampled stellar products, and met many amazing people—and it continues to happen all thanks to covering weed and other interesting topics I love.  But it isn’t about me. It’s about having the opportunity to inform the public about the ongoing evolution of weed law, politics, business, culture and so much more. To keep up, writers, freelance or staff, will always evolve so we can effectively and accurately tell the stories that need to be told. If the end result remains, the daily motions can continue to change as needed. 

https://hightimes.com/

Liquid Cocaine Disguised as White Wine Seized in Hong Kong

A multi-million dollar cocaine smuggling attempt was thwarted last month when Chinese customs officials discovered the cocaine had been converted into liquid form and disguised as white wine.  According to the South China Morning Post, two men local to Hong Kong were arrested in connection with a shipping container sent from Brazil to Hong Kong which was carrying 706 bottles of red wine, white wine and juice. The container was flagged for inspection at the Kwai Chung Customhouse Cargo Examination Compound due to Brazil’s status as a high-risk trafficking area based on the frequency of past narcotics seizures.  Assistant Superintendent Jacky Tsang Kin-bon of the Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department told the South China Morning Post that the monetary value of the amount of cocaine seized was in the hundreds of millions of dollars range.  “A total of 444 kilograms of suspected liquid cocaine was discovered in the 37 boxes,” Tsang Kin-bon said. “The estimated street value of the haul is about HK $490 million.” Tsang Kin-bon indicated that what tipped authorities off to the suspicious contents of the container was that several of the boxes appeared to have been resealed, specifically boxes of white wine, packed in 37 boxes which were supposed to be packaged with four three-liter bags of white wine a piece. These bags tested positive for cocaine.  The container had been sent by plain clothes officers with Hong Kong customs to Yuen Long where they waited for someone to come collect it. When no one did, it was sent to a yard in Kwai Chung where it was placed under 24-hour surveillance. Eventually, a 50-year-old man turned up to collect the container. He was later arrested along with his 38-year-old accomplice, neither of which was named by the South China Morning Post.  Superintendent Lui Chi-tak of customs’ ports and maritime command told the South China Morning Post that “drug traffickers took every effort and deployed sophisticated methods to conceal the narcotic in an attempt to evade customs detection.” Senior Superintendent Wong added that this was the largest liquid cocaine bust by weight in the 20 years they’ve been keeping records of such things.  Customs officials told the Post that the younger suspect was arrested on Saturday and the older a day later. The younger suspect was allegedly responsible for arranging the cargo’s transport from Brazil To Hong Kong and the older suspect was allegedly responsible for collecting and storing the drugs once on Chinese soil.  As of Monday when the report was published, both suspects were still being held for questioning. Tsang Kin-bon told the post that the increase in product shipments around the holidays is often used as cover for the smuggling of narcotics. “We believe the drug trafficking syndicate tried to take advantage of the busy logistics services before the Christmas and New Year holidays to smuggle the narcotic into the city and evade detection,” Tsang Kin-bon said, also indicating that their investigation revealed the large shipment was intended to supply the increased demand for cocaine around the holiday season (Chinese New Year is on February 10 and for whatever reason I feel compelled to disclose that 2024 is the year of the dragon). According to the Post, the investigation into this instance of cocaine trafficking is still ongoing and customs officials have not ruled out further arrests. Trafficking of a dangerous drug in Hong Kong is punishable by a life sentence in prison and a fine of up to $5 million. “Customs will continue to use its professionalism and determination to prevent illegal drugs from being smuggled into the city, thereby safeguarding the country’s southern gateway,” Senior Superintendent Wong said. Not for nothing, but cocaine traffickers appear to be getting much more creative with their smuggling techniques. Not only has cocaine been disguised as white wine, but a cursory Google search will show that in recent months it has also been disguised as pasta noodles, charcoal, almond syrup, and bananas and that’s just since last June. Between that, and the constant barrage of headlines concerning kilograms of cocaine washing up on beaches all over the world, it would appear that internationally, narcotics agents are playing a very expensive and futile game of whack-a-mole with cocaine traffickers. 

https://hightimes.com/

Study Shows Weed May Impair Performance of Older Drivers

Using weed may impair the driving performance of older cannabis users who get behind the wheel, according to the results of a recently released study.  The study by Canadian researchers found that older drivers who used cannabis before driving showed an increase in lane weaving and a reduction in speed compared to a control driving session. The results of the study were published last week by the journal JAMA Open Network. “Epidemiological studies have established that cannabis increases the risk of a motor vehicle collision,” the study’s authors wrote in their report on the research. “Laboratory studies have demonstrated that this impairment results in increased weaving, slowed reaction time, and compensatory changes in speed and following distance.” Noting that cannabis use is rising among older adults, the researchers wrote that the effect weed has on driving performance could be amplified by factors associated with the driver’s age. They added, however, that long-term cannabis users might develop a tolerance that mutes the effects that weed can have on driving performance. “Older adults may be particularly affected by cannabis, given age-related changes in cognition, metabolic changes that may prolong or enhance the effects of cannabis, and the concomitant use of medications,” the researchers wrote. “Conversely, older users of cannabis may have been using cannabis for many years and cannabis may have a diminished impact in this population due to development of tolerance.” To test these hypotheses, the researchers used advertisements on public transit and social media to recruit a group of participants aged 65 to 79. After providing consent and meeting the qualifying criteria, participants completed a practice session that included a driving simulator.  Participants then underwent two test sessions, each lasting about seven hours, with a minimum of 72 hours between sessions. Participants were instructed to abstain from cannabis, alcohol and other recreational drugs for at least 12 hours before each session. The study participants were tested for drug and alcohol abstinence before each session using a breathalyzer, saliva testing and a 14-panel urine screening. Participants also completed a Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist to assess cannabis withdrawal levels.  Before one session, participants smoked cannabis in a negative pressure room, using weed they had legally obtained themselves. Participants were permitted to smoke as much cannabis as they desired to reach their own comfort level. The average potency of the cannabis participants smoked was 18.74% THC. Before the other session, which was conducted as a control, the participants rested in the same room without smoking cannabis. The researchers then took blood tests for THC and metabolite measurement before the participants operated the driving simulator at 30 minutes and 180 minutes after using cannabis or resting. Researchers took additional blood samples before each session with the driving simulator. After each driving test, participants underwent cognitive and subjective tests and completed visual analog scales to measure their willingness to drive and perceived impairment. The results of the driving simulator test showed that 30 minutes after smoking cannabis, participants showed a significant increase in Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP), which measures how much a driver is weaving in the traffic lane. Participants also showed a decrease in mean speed compared to the control session. The effects on driving performance were not observed 180 minutes after cannabis use, a pattern that was consistent in both single-task and dual-task scenarios. Blood THC levels increased 30 minutes after cannabis use, although the increase did not correlate with the changes in SDLP or mean speed. The increase in SDLP and decrease in mean speed were consistent with previous research on the effects cannabis can have on driving. The change in SDLP was similar to the effect in studies of alcohol-impaired driving, where a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.05% resulted in comparable increases in SDLP. The change was not as high, however, in the dual-task task condition compared with a BAC of 0.05%. The researchers noted that the decrease in mean speed might be a change made by participants in response to their awareness of their intoxication. Overall, the study found that cannabis use did adversely affect the driving performance of older adults.  “The present study provides an ecologically valid demonstration that cannabis can impair driving in older adults when they smoke their usual product,” the researchers wrote in their conclusion. “Consistent with emerging data, blood THC level was not correlated with driving behavior. Older drivers should refrain from using cannabis when contemplating operation of a motor vehicle.” The researchers noted several limitations of the study, including the fact that most participants were white and more than half were male. However, the findings illustrate the importance of understanding the effects that cannabis can have on older drivers.

https://hightimes.com/

Study: German Patients Have ‘Greater Satisfaction’ With MMJ Than Previous Treatments

It’s no secret that cannabis can work as an alternative to other longstanding medicinal options as it pertains to curbing and treating pain and related symptoms. A number of studies have already confirmed the efficacy of cannabis and its compounds as it relates to pain management, though a new study suggests that patients believe it may be even more effective than conventional treatments. A recent survey of German patients published in the journal Frontiers in Medicine explored experiences with cannabis products, with more than 200 anonymous participant perspectives. As with many previous studies, patients largely reported reductions in their daily pain after starting cannabis therapy along with other benefits.  Notably, they reported “greater satisfaction” with cannabis, calling it “more effective” than their previous treatments. Researchers note that part of the intent behind the research is to explore “perspectives of patients whose experiences are not well enough known to date.”  Using a web-based survey of prescription cannabinoid patients, conducted between May 31, 2021 and June 2022, researchers conducted the research anonymously “to reduce treatment provider influence and stigma.” Subjects were asked to complete questionnaires regarding their cannabis therapy twice in the same session, once for the time of the survey and another for the period prior to their cannabis treatment. Participants were asked to rate their daily pain levels, along with questions around the details of the cannabinoid prescription process — namely any issues they ran into obtaining the medication — and their general attitudes around cannabis. Chronic pain was the most common diagnosis, with 72% of participants indicating that pain relief was the primary reason for their prescriptions. Germany is currently making waves in the global cannabis space for its pending legalization of recreational cannabis, though plant cannabis and cannabinoid treatments were legalized by prescription use in the country back in 2017. Cannabis medication is also typically only authorized when patients are unresponsive to traditional options. Researchers also note a study finding that the most common reason for German cannabinoid prescriptions from 2017 to 2022 was for pain. “The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that most of the surveyed outpatients treated with prescription cannabinoids in Germany subjectively experience health benefits and symptom reduction associated with these therapies,” researchers state in their discussion. Across all diagnoses and symptom groups, authors report that participants shared positive effects on physical functioning, emotional states and quality of life. Additionally, they reported fewer problems around fulfilling their social roles and their pain symptoms were perceived to have a lesser impact on their daily lives. Satisfaction was rated by perceived effectiveness, side effects and overall satisfaction. Researchers suggest that the stress-reducing effect of cannabis drugs could be a “significant mediating factor,” in that opioids may have “more ambivalent effects on stress regulation because the kappa opioid receptor signaling pathway is activated by stress stimuli that produce both aversion and dysphoria in humans and other animal species.” Prior to cannabis therapy, participants generally had a neutral to slightly positive attitude toward cannabis, which shifted to “predominantly positive” during therapy.  Most of the problems during the prescription process didn’t originate with physicians but rather with reimbursement issues involving health insurance providers. Approximately 25% of participants with statutory health insurance coverage reported that they opted to pay out of pocket. “This is likely due to the current legal situation in Germany, where the prescription of cannabinoid medications is characterized by significant complexity and administrative hurdles, comparable to those encountered when prescribing off-label drugs, both for patients and practitioners,” researchers said. The study notes that comparable studies, in which German patients are directly questioned about cannabinoid therapy, are rare, with most surveys only questioning physicians. Those studies similarly found that pain was the main reason for cannabis prescriptions. Standing apart from much of the current research in the region, researchers note risk of selection bias, in that patients may have been more willing to participate in the study due to successful treatments. They also note potential “expectation bias,” in that the high access barriers for cannabinoid therapies in Germany give many eligible patients high expectations, which could lead to a more favorable evaluation of such therapies, among other potential limitations. “This observational study nevertheless provides starting points for further discussion in the context of planning clinical cannabinoid trials and formulating appropriate research questions, involving the patients’ perspectives,” researchers concluded.

https://hightimes.com/

New Jersey Cannabis Agency Approves Consumption Lounges Rules

The New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory Commission (CRC), which manages the rules and regulations of cannabis in the state, met on Jan. 17 and unanimously approved regulations for consumption lounges. According to a CRC press release, the rules would need to be approved by the New Jersey Office of Administrative Law, but after that occurs, dispensary operators would need to seek municipal approval in order to be endorsed by the CRC to have a consumption lounge (endorsements last for one year and must be renewed every year). CRC executive director Jeff Brown said in a statement that consumption lounges would contribute to the success of New Jersey’s cannabis industry. “New Jersey’s cannabis industry is well on its way to being a billion-dollar industry, and consumption areas will likely bolster that—fostering a communal experience for those 21 and older around cannabis in a regulated and secure space,” Brown said. The primary rules state that a consumption area can’t be a standalone business, but that it must be attached to a retail store. If a dispensary owns multiple dispensaries, they are only permitted to have one consumption space. Consumption lounges would be required to have ventilation that is “robust enough to ensure proper ventilation and prevent smoke or vapors from affecting neighbors.” On-site sale of food, alcohol, tobacco, and nicotine products are not allowed, but customers can bring in their own food or non-alcoholic beverages. In addition to this, medical cannabis patients would be allowed to bring their own medical cannabis or cannabis items, “so long as the on-premises consumption of that cannabis is authorized.” A consumption lounge would cost $5,000 for the initial fees, followed by an annual fee (with microbusiness only paying $1,000). The CRC stated that potential consumption lounges would be allowed to make their own rules about operation hours, consumption area fees, medical cannabis patient priority access, or initiating paid events. However, they would also have to adhere to rules established by their local municipality as well, “including but not limited to restricting the number of consumption areas allowed in their town, business signage, and communication with municipal emergency services.” CRC chairperson Dianna Houenou also provided a statement, expressing the importance of allowing a safe place for people to consume. Having space to consume cannabis is not just about recreation. It is also about providing equitable access and offering people a safe place to consume legal cannabis products,” said Houeno. “This move holds particular significance for communities that are limited in where they can enjoy cannabis—most notably, renters who cannot consume cannabis at home, unlike homeowners who enjoy greater freedom.” Houenou added that “a couple more steps need to happen” before the CRC officially begins to accept lounge applications. The New Jersey Monitor spoke with Alyza Brevard-Rodriguez, owner of a two-story building that will open soon in Jersey City. The first floor will be her dispensary, called The Other Side Dispensary, and the second floor will be reserved for smoke-and-yoga events or comedy nights, ideally if/when she is endorsed by the CRC. “I think it’s really critical for us to create those safe spaces to consume,” said Brevard-Rodriguez. “But the other part of it is connecting with people … I think it’s really important for the culture of cannabis.” Legal cannabis sales took effect in New Jersey in April 2022. The CRC’s proposal for consumption lounge regulations was approved in December 2022, which was followed by a 60-day public comment period. Scott Rudder, New Jersey Cannabusiness Association president, also said that the topic of consumption lounges was among some of the first conversations he had with New Jersey legislators. “That’s how the conversation started, and there’s been an evolution to where we are today,” Rudder said. “Patients will have a nice place to consume their medication, but now consumers in general will have the opportunity to go and unwind, talk to friends, maybe have lunch or watch musicians. We’re going to start small and see how things go.” Rudder’s expectation is that a few consumption owners will open, but many more will choose to wait and see how things play out before investing. “I think you’re going to see some consumption lounges open here and there, and people will wait and see what they’re doing,” Rudder added. “Are they making any money? Are they free of safety issues or are other concerns being realized? People are going to look at this smartly.” Rudder, who owns a dispensary that has not yet opened in the city of Riverside, and Brevard-Rodriguez agree on one thing in particular—they want their businesses to turn a profit before embarking on consumption lounge expansions. Nevada is one of the states that is farthest along in consumption lounge progress, with numerous licenses approved. Many of these lounges are still either building their lounges or fulfilling strict rules for proper ventilation or other important requirements. Planet 13 in Las Vegas, Nevada released a press release in November 2023 touting an April 20, 2024 release date. While the state legislature legalized cannabis consumption lounges back in 2021, Clark County commissioner Tick Segerbloom told 8NewsNow that 2024 is going to be “the” year. “It really is going to be a big year. And a big part of our economy,” Segerbloom continued. Nevada Cannabis Association executive director Layke Martin added that this is new territory for business owners, and they’re learning as they go. “Remember no one has really done these before. Certainly not here,” Martin said. “It’s ventilation, it’s security, it’s safe consumption and driving, it’s training. Those are the types of regulations that we’re talking about.”

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